Ubwo bwoko butatu ni lisansi na mazutu bikoreshwa n’ibinyabiziga n’andi mavuta yitwa Jet A-1 akoreshwa n’indege.

Ibi bikomoka kuri peteroli, nta na kimwe gikomoka mu butaka bwacu ahubwo byose bituruka hanze mu bihugu by’Abarabu bisanzwe bicukura bikanacuruza amavuta nka Qatar, Arabie Saoudite no muri Singapore n’ubwo ho ari nke ugereranyije n’ituruka mu bihugu by’Abarabu aho Imana yabahaye ubutunzi bw’akataraboneka munsi y’ubutaka bwabo.

Magingo aya, ku isoko mpuzamahanga, akagunguru kamwe ka peteroli idatunganyije kabarirwa 38$ kandi byitezwe ko igiciro cyako kizakomeza kuzamuka ariko uyu mwaka kadashobora kurenza 60$. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo Wood Mackenzie bugaragaza ko uyu mwaka nibura igiciro cyo hejuru kizaba ari 55$.

Ibiciro by’ibikomaka kuri peteroli itunganyije ku isoko mpuzamahanga ni byo mu Rwanda bigenderwaho havugururwa ibiciro buri mezi abiri.

Mu Rwanda, ibikomoka kuri peteroli byinjizwa mu gihugu n’abikorera batandukanye barimo Kobil, Engen, SP na Mount Meru. Ntabwo izo sosiyete zijya muri Qatar cyangwa muri Arabie Saoudite gushaka ayo mavuta, ahubwo zijya kuyigurira ku byambu nka Mombasa muri Kenya na Dar-es-Salaam muri Tanzania.

Kuba ibigo bizana peteroli mu Rwanda ari bike ni byo bituma habaho umugenzuzi ureba uburyo ubucuruzi bwayo bukorwa, akanagena n’igiciro cyayo; uwo ni Urwego Ngenzuramikorere, RURA, rufite mu nshingano ko nibura buri mezi abiri rugomba gutangaza ibiciro bishya by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli kuko ku isoko mpuzamahanga biba bihinduka umunsi ku wundi.

Ku byambu nk’i Mombasa, haba hari ibigo bipiganisha isoko ryo kuhageza ibikomoka kuri peteroli bitunganyije iturutse mu bihugu by’Abarabu. Utanze igiciro kiri hasi y’abandi ni we uhabwa isoko ryo kugemura ingano iba yagenwe akenshi mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami rifite mu nshingano ishyirwaho ry’ibiciro muri RURA, Norbert Kamana, yabwiye IGIHE ati “Abo na bo iyo batanga isoko, ntabwo bavuga ngo litiro nzajya nyibahera aya, aravuga ngo ku giciro kiri ku isoko mpuzamahanga, nzajya nongeraho aya y’urugendo n’inyungu. Hanyuma bakareba uwaciye make agahabwa kontaro yo gutanga ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri uko kwezi.”

Icyo gihe, Sosiyete ikora ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Rwanda iyo igiye kugura, itanga komande nk’i Mombasa ikayigura igendeye ku giciro kiri ku isoko mpuzamahanga wongeyeho n’amafaranga y’urugendo yayigejeje aho i Mombasa. Iyo igeze mu Rwanda ishyirwa mu bigega, ikazahavanwa ijyanwa kuri station imwe tujya kunyweshaho.

Mu Rwanda hari ibigega bya Leta n’iby’abikorera bishobora kubika ibikomoka kuri peteroli litiro 72.000.000. Muri byo harimo nk’ibiri i Jabana bya Sosiyete yitwa OilCom, ibya SP biri i Rusororo, ibya Leta biri mu Gatsata, Rwabuye na Bigogwe hamwe n’ibya ERP biri Kabuye. Ibibika amavuta y’indege biri i Kanombe ku Kibuga cy’indege n’i Rusororo.

Uko ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bigenwa na RURA

Hari inyigo yakozwe igaragaza ikiguzi umuntu ugeza mu Rwanda ibikomoka kuri peteroli atanga kuri litiro imwe. Iki kiguzi kigizwe n’amafaranga y’inyandiko, imisoro, amafaranga y’urugendo n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Igiciro cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli kigizwe n’ikiguzi cyo kubivana mu bihigu bibicuruza ku giciro cy’isoko mpuzamahanga hakongerwaho igiciro cya serivisi zo ku cyambu, igiciro cy’urugendo rwo kubigeza i Kigali mu bigega n’igiciro cyo kubikura mu bigega bigezwa kuri stations za lisansi hongeweho imisoro iteganywa n’amategeko.

Kamana ati “Igiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga n’igiciro cy’urugendo rwo mu mazi bigezwa ku byambu ni byo bintu bibiri bihindagurika biba imbarutso yo guhindura igiciro cy’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Rwanda. Ibindi bisigaye ntibihinduka. Ikindi kijya gihinduka ni agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ugereranyije n’idolari, ariko ko ntabwo gafite uruhare runini cyane. Ihindagurika ry’aka gaciro k’ifaranga ryitabwaho kubera ko abacuruzi baba baranguye mu madolari, ariko bagacuruza mu manyarwanda.”

Birashoboka ko litiro ya lisansi ishobora kugura 2000 Frw?

Kugira ngo igiciro kigera nko kuri aya mafaranga kibeho, byaterwa n’uko ku isoko mpuzamahanga naho byagenze. Mu gihe nko muri Arabie Saoudite habayeho ihungabana mu bucukuzi cyangwa se habayeho ibibazo bindi byatuma ingendo zo mu mazi zihungabana bityo igiciro cyazo kikazamuka, birumvikana ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli byatugeraho bikabije guhenda cyane.

Uyu munsi ibihugu nka Qatar na Arabie Saoudite byumvikanye ku ngano ya peteroli igomba gushyirwa ku isoko, wenda bikemeza ko hoherezwa nke, icyo gihe bigira ingaruka ku biciro mpuzamahanga bitewe n’uko ibikomoka kuri peteroli biba ari bike nyamara isoko ryo ribikeneye ku bwinshi. Izo ngaruka zagera no ku isoko ry’u Rwanda.

Kamana ati “Ibyo bibazo byaba ku isoko mpuzamahanga bigira ingaruka na hano ariko biramutse bikabije kuzamuka cyane, ntekereza ko Leta yagira icyo ikora, kugira ngo ubukana bw’ibyo bibazo butagera ku isoko ry’u Rwanda uko bwakabaye bwose.”

Impamvu ibiciro bivugururwa buri mezi abiri ni umurongo igihugu cyahisemo hagamijwe kwirinda ingaruka ku bukungu ihindagurika ryabyo rya buri munsi ryateza.

Ati “Ibyaguzwe ku isoko mpuzamahanga uyu munsi ntabwo biri burare bigeze i Kigali, n’ejo ntibishoboka ko bizaba bihageze, no mu cyumweru gitaha yewe, ni yo mpamvu twiha icyo gihe cyo gutegereza, kandi kubivugurura buri munsi n’ubwo na byo bishoboka, bishobora guteza akajagari ku biciro by’ibindi bicuruzwa hano mu gihugu.”

Magingo aya, litiro ya lisansi mu Rwanda igura 987 Frw mu gihe mazutu iri kuri 962 Frw. Ibi biciro biriho uhereye mu kwezi kwa mbere kwa 2021. Byitezwe ko mu gihe ibiciro bishya bizatangarizwa bishobora kuzaba biri hejuru y’aya mafaranga kuko ku isoko mpuzamahanga naho byazamutse cyane.

SP ni imwe muri Sosiyete zifite ububiko bw'ibikomoka kuri Peteroli mu Rwanda, ibi ni ibigega byatashywe mu 2016 biri i Rusororo / Ifoto: Village Urugwiro