Menya inkomoko n’ibyagezweho n’Inkiko Gacaca zisozwa uyu munsi hose mu gihugu

Kuri uyu wa mbere tariki ya 18 Kamena 2012, nibwo Inkiko Gacaca zisozwa hose mu gihugu. Mu gihe zimaze zikora zageze kuri byinshi, hacibwa n’imanza zisaga miliyoni ebyiri.

Inkomoko y’Inkiko Gacaca

Inkiko gacaca zifite imizi mu mateka y’u Rwanda, aho mu bihe bishyize kera abakurambere bahurizaga mu gacaca, abafite ibibazo bakabacira imanza ariko ahanini hagamijwe kubunga.

Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda yeteje ibibazo byinshi cyane, harimo n’iby’ubutabera, dore ko imanza zagombaga gucibwa zari gufata imyaka isaga 110 iyo zicibwa n’inkiko zisanzwe.

Nyuma yo kubona ikibazo cyari mu rwego rw’ubutabera aho imyaka itanu nyuma ya Jenoside hari hamaze gucibwa imanza 6000 mu gihe izindi 120.000 zari zitaracibwa, hatekerejwe uburyo bw’Inkiko Gacaca.

Inkiko Gacaca zashyizweho n’itegeko ngenga n° 40/2000 ryo ku wa 26/01/2001 risimburwa n’itegeko ngenga nº 16/2004 ryo ku wa 19/06/2004 zigamije gufasha kumenya ukuri kubyabaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kwihutisha imanza z’abakurikiranyweho ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu, guca umuco wo kudahana, gufasha Abanyarwanda kugera k’ubumwe n ’ ubwiyunge hakoreshejwe ubutabera bwunga no kugaragaza ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda bwo mu kwicyemurira bibazo. Icyo gihe Inkiko Gacaca zagizwe rimwe mu mashami yari agize Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

Inkiko Gacaca zari zigamije :

Gushaka ukuri ku byabaye mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Kwihutisha imanza z’abakurikiranweho icyaha cya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, Guhana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside, Kunoza inzira yo guca umuco wo kudahana no gushimangira ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.

Ni muri uwo murongo wo kunga no kubanisha neza Abanyarwanda, Itegeko Ngenga rishyiraho Inkiko Gacaca kimwe n’Itegeko Ngenga n° 08/96 ryo ku wa 30/08/1996 ryagenaga ikurikirana ry’ibyaha bya Jenoside rishyira abakurikiranwe mu nzego, hakurikijwe uruhare rwa buri muntu, maze rikagena ibihano biciriritse ku bagizwe ibikoresho n’ubutegetsi bubi bwariho icyo gihe, bihannye bakemera icyaha bakanagisabira imbabazi.

Mu gihe twizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 10 Inkiko Gacaca zimaze zishyizweho, imirimo y’Inkiko Gacaca yabaye myinshi igihe yatangiye guca imanza ku itariki ya 10 Werurwe 2005. Guhera ubwo, inkiko Gacaca zaciye imanza zigera kuri 2.000.000.

Ni ngombwa kwibutsa ko imirimo yakozwe n’inkiko Gacaca tuyikesha ubwitange bw’Abanyarwanda muri rusange, Inyangamugayo zigera ku 16.442 zikwiye gushimwa by’umwihariko kubera imirimo itoroshye zakoze.

Ibyagezweho n’inkiko gacaca

Mu myaka isaga gato icumi ishize izi nkiko zikora, haciwe imanza zisaga miliyoni ebyiri.

Umunyamabanaga Nshingabikorwa w’Inkiko Gacaca, Madamu Mukantaganzwa Domitila yavuze ko inkiko gacaca zishojwe inkiko zose zararangije kuburanisha amadosiye yose y’imanza zari zifite.
Bamwe bahanishijwe gufungwa, abandi bahanishwa imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro, hari n’abagizwe abera.

Mukantaganzwa avuga ko kuba mu myaka icumi imanza zose zagaragajwe n’abaturage bitavuga ko ibibazo byose byarangiye, ari nayo mpamvu imanza zindi zizabaho zizaburanishwa mu nkiko zisanzwe.

Zimwe mu mbogamizi zatangajwe harimo ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, kuba zimwe mu nyangamugayo zaburanishaga mu nkiko gacaca zaragaragaweho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside, kutavugisha ukuri kwa bamwe mu batangabuhamya, no guterwa ubwoba kw’abatangabuhamya hamwe na hamwe, hakaba na hake hanuganugwaga ruswa.

Ibibazo n’ibisubizo ku nkiko gacaca

1. Inkiko Gacaca zatangiye gukora ryari ?

Imirimo y’icyiciro cy’igerageza cy’Inkiko Gacaca yatangiye ku itariki ya 18 Kamena 2002 mu Mirenge 12 mu Ntara zose n’Umujyi wa Kigali.

2. Inkinko Gacaca zari zingahe ?

12,103

3. Inkiko Gacaca zari zifite inyangamugayo zingahe ?

16,442

4. Ni uwuhe mubare w’abantu bashinjwe n’inkiko Gacaca ?

Inkiko Gacaca zarimo ibyiciro bitatu bigizwe n’icyiciro cyarimo abateguye Jenoside, abasambanyije abantu ku gahato n’abakoze iyica rubozo, aba bakaba ari bari bagize icyiciro cya mbere kigizwe na 11,5%.

Icyiciro cya kabiri cyari kigizwe n’abakoze ubwicanyi cyangwa ibindi byaha byateye urupfu rw’abantu, iki cyiciro kikaba cyari kigizwe na 61,6%. Icyiciro cya gatatu cyari kigizwe n’abaregwa ibyaha byerekeye imitungo, bakaba bari bagize icyiciro cya 26,9%.

5. Kuki bavuga ko Gacaca ishingiye ku muco Nyarwanda ?

Gacaca ishingiye ku muco Nyarwanda kuko kuva na kera Abanyarwanda bayifashishaga mu gukemura ibibazo n’amakimbirane hagamijwe kubaka no kubanisha neza umuryango nyarwanda.

6. Kuki Gacaca zifashishijwe kandi hari inkiko zisanzwe ?

Mbere yo guhitamo Inkiko Gacaca, Abanyarwanda bageregeje guhangana n’ikibazo cy’imanza za Jenoside hakoreshejwe inkiko zisanzwe ariko biza kugaragara ko izi nkiko zitari gukemura iki kibazo n’iyo biza kuba mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga ijana. Kugira ngo habeho ubutabera rero, hagombaga kwitabazwa uburyo budasanzwe aribwo inkiko Gacaca.

7. Gacaca yaburanishije imanza zingahe ?

Gacaca yaburanishije imanza zigera kuri 1,951,388 mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani.

8. Gacaca nirangiza imirimo yayo muri Kamena 2012, ni izihe ngamba zashyizweho zo kurangiza imanza zitarangiye ?

Muri Kamena, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko izatora itegeko rirangiza Gacaca. Ibyaha bya Jenoside ntibisaza, ni kubw’iyo mpamvu imanza zitarangiye zizajya mu nkiko zisanzwe.

9. Kuki Inkiko Gacaca zirangije imirimo ubu ?

Inkiko Gacaca zashyizweho kubw’impamvu yihariye ariyo guca imanza za Jenoside no kwunga Abanyarwanda . Ubwo rero imanza hafi ya zose zaburanishijwe, nta mpamvu yo ku kugumishaho urwo rwego.

10. Umubare w’abahamwe n’ibyaha mu iburanisha rya Gacaca ungana ute ?

Abantu bahamwe n’ibyaha muri Gacaca ku rwego rwa 65%

11. Kuki abaregwaga batemererwaga kugira ababunganira ?

Mu mategeko ya Gacaca nta ngingo n’imwe yabuzaga abantu kugira abunganizi. Mu manza zimwe na zimwe hagaragaye abunganizi.

12. Ni iki kigaragaza ko Gacaca yageze ku nshingano yayo yo kunga Abanyarwanda ?

Inkiko Gacaca zashyizweho nk’urwego rwo gutuma Abanyarwanda baganira ku bibazo byasizwe na Jenoside. Ibi biganiro byatumye habaho kumenya ukuri ku byabaye cyane cyane mu gihe cyo gukusanya amakuru. Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye inkiko Gacaca zigera kuri imwe mu nshingano zayo ikomeye ariyo kwunga Abanyarwanda.

13. Ni izihe nzitizi Gacaca yahuye nazo ?

Zimwe mu nzitizi Gacaca yahuye nazo ni abavugaga ko itakoraga mu buryo busanzwe inkiko zikoramo. Abandi bakavuga ko ubwo ari uburyo bushya bushyizweho, byashoboraga gutuma zitagera ku nshingano zazo. Izindi nzitizi zagaragaye ni izerekeye amikoro n’ubumenyi bw’inyangamugayo kandi ibi bibazo bikaba byaragiye bikemuka buhoro buhoro.

14. Abanyarwanda babona bate Inkiko Gacaca ?

Abanyarwanda benshi babona inkiko Gacaca nk’imwe mu nkingi z’ubumwe, ubwiyunge n’iterambere ry’Abanyarwanda.

15. Gacaca yakoresheje amafaranga angahe ?

Gacaca yakoresheje amafaranga agera kuri miliyari 29 z’amanyarwanda.

16. Icyo Perezida Kagame yavuze ku Nkiko Gacaca

“Tuzi agaciro n’umumaro by’inkiko gacaca. Ibyo izi nkiko zagezeho birenze ibyo buri wese yatekereza. Inkiko Gacaca zafashije mu gutanga ubutabera no kunga Abanyarwanda. Izi nkiko ni igihamya cy’ubushobozi twifitemo bwo kwikemurira ibibazo bamwe bakeka ko bidashoboka.”

Hifashishijwe : urubuga rw’Inkiko Gacaca