Uwo mwana w’umukobwa wakandagiye mu gihugu cye cy’amavuko mu 2006, yitwa Lina Higiro, ubu ni Umubyeyi akaba Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Banki y’Ubucuruzi, NCBA Bank iri mu zikomeye mu Rwanda.

Ni urugendo yemeza ko rutari rworoshye nk’umunyarwandakazi ariko yarunyuzemo yemye kugeza ubu ubwo ari umwe mu bagore bahagaze nk’inkingi ihamye mu bijyanye na serivisi z’imari mu Rwanda.

Higiro yagizwe Umuyobozi wa NCBA Bank nyuma yo kuyobora ibindi bigo by’imari bitandukanye nko kuba Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe ibikorwa muri AB Bank Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri, imyaka itanu ari Umuyobozi Ushinzwe imenyekanishabikorwa no gufata ingamba muri I&M Bank Rwanda n’Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi buto n’ubuciriritse mu yahoze ari Fina Bank yaje kwitwa GT Bank.

Mu gushishikariza abagore n’abakobwa kwisanga muri serivisi z’imari, Higiro yagize uruhare mu ishingwa ry’Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta, Women in Finance Rwanda (WIFR).

IGIHE yaganiriye na Lina Higiro, agaruka ku rugendo rwe mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere mu by’imari, amahirwe n’imbogamizi n’imyitwarire ikwiriye umuyobozi nyawe ushaka kugera ku ntego ze.

Mumaze igihe muri mu rwego rw’amabanki, mwatubwira ku bijyanye n’urugendo rwanyu?

Nageze mu Rwanda mu 2006. Nkihagera amahirwe ya mbere yo kugira icyo nkora mu Rwanda nayabonye mu Mujyi wa Kigali nk’umukorerabushake mu gihe kingana n’amezi atatu.

Nyuma nabonye amahirwe yo gukora ikizamini mu bigo bibiri: Mu kigo cy’Itumanaho mu bijyanye no kwita ku bakiliya ndetse no gukora mu yahoze ari Fina Bank (ubu ni GTBank) mu bijyanye no gutangiza ishami ryita ku mishinga mito n’iciriritse.

Nubwo nagombaga kwita ku bintu byinshi birimo kwita ku bakozi, guteza imbere serivisi twahaga abakiliya, guteza imbere ibijyanye no kwamamaza n’ibindi, byari amahirwe kuri njye yo kwaguka.

Nakuze ngira umurava wo kubyaza amahirwe nari mfite. Buri gihe nagenderaga ku ntego y’uko ntagomba kumara ahantu igihe kirenze imyaka itanu. Muri iyo myaka itanu iyo nabaga ngeze ku wa gatatu nagombaga gutegura uko nabyaza umusaruro andi mahirwe.

Mu 2018 nibwo wagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NCBA, wabyakiriye ute?

Nagiye kumva numva ko NCBA iri gushaka Umuyobozi Mukuru, ishaka abagore babiri ndetse n’umuyobozi w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi. Naratekereje nsanga ngomba guhatanira uwo mwanya.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko nibwiraga ko nshobora kuba nibeshya kuko banki zo mu karere zitakundaga gutanga akazi ku bantu b’imbere mu gihugu. Gusa nanditse nsaba akazi mu buryo bwo kugerageza amahirwe.

Nabikoze mu buryo bwo gucecekesha inshuti zampataga kugerageza ariko nari niyumvishaga ko ntazagira amahirwe yo kujya gukora ikizamini cy’ibazwa, nyuma mpabwa akazi ko kuba Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NCBA.

Ni Banki itari ihagaze neza kuko yari mu bihombo bigera kuri miliyari 2,5 Frw ariko nyuma y’imyaka itatu twari tumaze gukuramo icyo gihombo dutangira kunguka, ibintu biba gake muri za banki. Mu mwaka utambutse wa 2022, Banki yakoreye inyungu ingana na miliyari 4,85 Frw .

Nk’umugore, ni izihe mbogamizi wagiye uhura na zo muri uru rugendo?

Navuga ko nagiye ngira amahirwe. Sinigeze mpura n’ibintu byashoboraga gutuma numva ko meze nk’abandi. Kuva ku kuba umukobwa w’ikinege mu rugo kugeza ku kuba impunzi i Nairobi, nakuze numva ko ntandukanye.

Lina Higiro yemeza ko umurava no gukunda akazi akora biri mu byamufashije muri uru rugendo rw'ubuyobozi mu bigo by'imari

Bisa n’aho nagiye niyubakamo ubudaheranwa nkumva ko ntandukanye n’abandi. Byaba ari ukuba umugore, kuba Umunyarwanda, ndetse nagiye muri Canada mfite imyaka 18 njye nyine n’ibindi, byose byankomeje umutima.

Byagenze gute ngo wisange muri Canada wenyine ku myaka 18?

Ubwo twari muri Kenya twari turi impunzi z’Abanyarwanda. Sinashoboraga kujya muri kaminuza kubera iyo sitati y’ubuhunzi.

Haje amahirwe yo kujya kwiga muri Canada kubera ko iki gihugu cyari gifite abaturage bake. Icyo gihe naragiye nsiga mama wanjye ndetse n’abavandimwe banjye ndi njye nyine ku myaka 18, nurira indege njya muri Canada.

Ubwo bunararibonye bw’uko nari muto, ndi umwana w’umukobwa, uturutse muri Afurika, ibyo byose byatumye ngira ubudaheranwa.

Ku bijyanye n’imbogamizi rero kubera ibyo bihe nanyuzeho, nagarutse mu Rwanda niteguye kwakira cyangwa kwakirwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

Mu bihe byanjye bya mbere wabonaga ko abantu baza kumpa amakuru y’uko ibintu biri kugenda wabonaga ko batisanzuye ariko naberetse ko icya mbere ari uguharanira kugera ku ntego zacu tugakora akazi.

Izo ni zo mbogamizi nahuye nazo, ni nayo mpamvu natangije Umuryango w’abagore bari mu rwego rw’imari [Women in Finance Rwanda (WIFR) Foundation] kugira ngo umwe abe yafasha undi.

Hari imbogamizi nyinshi ku buryo nakoze uko nshoboye ngo nshishikarize abagore kujya mu nzego z’ubuyobozi kuko hari abagore bumva ko batabishobora.

Ni izihe mpamvu mubona zituma abagore batinya kujya mu nzego z’ubuyobozi?

Impamvu ni nyinshi, iyo bigeze muri ya myanya yo kugenzura abandi, abagore benshi bahita babyikuramo cyane ko baba bafite imiryango yo kwitaho bakumva ko batabasha kuzuza izo nshingano.

Urumva ubwoba bwo gutekereza uko azita ku nshingano z’urugo n’iz’ubuyobozi biracyateje ikibazo, ariko binyuze mu kwitegura no kumva ko ubishoboye izo nshingano wazuzuza zose.

Iyo niyo mpamvu nahoze numva ko ngomba gushaka ibisubizo ku bagore n’abagabo bagakora mu buryo bwo kuba umubyeyi ariko bakuzuza n’inshingano kuko byose ni inshingano baba bagomba kwitaho.

Ufatanya ute inshingano z’urugo n’izo kuyobora banki?

Ni ukubivanga ndetse ugashakira buri kimwe umwanya. Nk’iyo tugeze mu bihe by’inama nyinshi, abana banjye baba babizi ndabibaganiriza kugira ngo ntibibatungure, nkabasobanurira ko nzaba mpuze ariko bitari iby’ igihe kirekire. Ugomba kubyakira ubundi ugakora.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko ugomba kwita ku ngengabihe yawe ukamenya ko niba uri mu rugo ugomba guha umwanya n’imbaraga abo mu rugo, ya mirimo yo ku kazi ukayisiga.

Nsigaza n’amasaha make yo kwiyitaho. Ugomba kugira ubuzima bwiza kuko hari wowe, umuryango, inshuti n’ibindi ugomba kwitaho.

Buri ku cyumweru mfata amasaha ane yo gusubiza amaso inyuma no gusuzuma uko icyumweru dusoje cyagenze, ndeba ibitaragenze neza, ibyagenze neza uko tugomba kurushaho kubinoza, nkareba no ku cyumweru mba ngiye kwinjiramo, hanyuma ngasenga nkaruhuka.

Imyaka 15 ni myinshi. Ni ubuhe bumenyi bw’ibanze bushobora gufasha umuntu kuba umuyobozi w’icyitegererezo?

Icya mbere ugomba kwakira ko gutsindwa bibaho ariko ntuheranwe n’uko gutsindwa ahubwo ugashaka icyo wabikoraho. Ikindi ni uguhora wiga. Buri munsi mfata iminota nka 20 yo gusoma. Ugomba guhora ushishikariye kwiga ibintu bishya bitari ibyo ukora gusa, ahubwo ukareba no ku bindi bituma ufunguka mu mutwe.

Ikindi ni ugutega abandi amatwi kuko byagiye bimfasha cyane. Hari n’ubwo mba ndi mu nama nkabanza kureba imbamutima z’abantu batandukanye, nkabiga ubundi nkamenya uko mfata imyanzuro.

Niba hari ikigo ufite ntuzigere ugira umuntu wima agaciro ahubwo fata umwanya wige ku bo mukorana, umenye icyo bagambiriye, intego bafite, wige kubaha izo ntego zabo.

Nk’ubu nta mukozi mushya waza muri banki tutaganiriye kuko abantu benshi bageze ku ntego zabo, uzasanga ari abagiye bahitamo neza abo bagomba gukorana nabo.

Kugira amakenga ugahitamo abantu mushobora gufatanya ni byiza kuko iyo utabyitayeho hari ubwo haza abakuvangira ibintu bikadogera. Ugomba kandi kumenya ko niba ushaka kugira aho ugera nk’umuyobozi, ni byiza ko abagufasha mu nshingano ububaha kuko aribwo bazubaha icyo ushaka kugeraho.

NCBA ni banki ikorana na Mokash, uburyo bwa mbere mu Rwanda bwo kubitsa, kuguriza n’ibindi hakoreshejwe telefone: Ubu bihagaze gute ubu?

Kuri ubu, turi ku rwego rwo gutanga inguzanyo zingana n’ibihumbi bitatu ku munsi. Ku bijyanye no kubitsa, tumaze kugeza ku bwizigame bwa miliyari 10 Frw ndetse n’abasaba inguzanyo bariyongereye. Dufite abakiliya barenga miliyoni enye, ibintu bituma tuba banki nini ugendeye ku mibare y’abakiliya dufite.

Turashaka kongera abantu bizigamira ndetse n’abasaba inguzanyo kuko ushobora kugurizwa kugera ku bihumbi 500 Frw. Turashaka no guhindura ibiciro ku buryo niba witwara neza twakugabanyiriza ibiciro by’inguzanyo, kuko ubu dutanga inguzanyo ku nyungu ya 9%.

Umuryango Women in Finance Rwanda washinze, ni iki umaze kugeraho mu gushyigikira abagore mu by’imari?

Tugitangira natangiye kwibaza umubare w’abagore bari muri uru rwego, abatera imbere bakava mu myanya yo hasi bakazamuka nshaka kumenya ngo bangana bate ariko sinigeze mbona ibisubizo.

Kuri ubu dufite amabanki atandatu n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi ariko intego nyamukuru dufite uyu mwaka ni ukumenyana. Ntitwari twagira ibiganiro ngo tumenye buri muntu icyo akora, icyo ashoboye n’ibindi. Gusa hari urubuga tugomba gusangiriramo ubunararibonye n’ibyo dukora.

Duteganya kubakirana ubushobozi, guhana amasomo dufashanya bamwe bakaba abarimu abandi bakaba abigishwa. Icyiza ni uko dufite aho tubarizwa, ibindi bigiye gukurikiraho ni ugufashanya. Mu minsi iri imbere abakobwa bagera kuri 20 bagiye guhabwa buruse mu kigo cyigisha ibijyanye no gushora imari ‘The Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment’. Ibyo ni uko dufite aho duhurira.

Bizatuma turushaho kumenyekana kandi dukeneye kwishimira ibyo twagezeho tunakomeza gushyiramo imbaraga, abafite impano bagafashwa kuyigaragaza no kuyizamura.

Ni iyihe nama mwagira abana b’abakobwa bashaka kwinjira mu rwego rw’imari?

Mbere na mbere ndashaka kuvuga ko kuba umuyobozi atari ibya buri wese. Hari abantu baba banezezwa no gufasha abayobozi ntacyo bibatwaye. Niba uri muri abo kandi ubikora neza, komereza aho.

Umwana w’umukobwa ukiri mu mashuri abanza uyu munsi, niyige byose amenye neza ko yabonye amahirwe yo kugira buri bunararibonye ntayapfushe ubusa.

Ikindi ni ukwimakaza ibijyanye no kuyobora urwego rwose. Niba umukuru w’umudugudu wenda agusabye kuba umwe mu bashinzwe kugenzura abashinzwe gukusanya umusanzu runaka, ayo mahirwe yafatirane. Kuba umuyobozi bitangirira hasi.

Ugomba kumenya guhitamo abo mugendana bashobora kugufasha gukura. Rimwe nkunda kubwira abana banjye, nti ese niba buri gihe muba mutari kumwe n’ababasumbya ubumenyi, muri kunguka iki? Buri gihe jya wisunga abafite icyo bakurusha kuko ni bo bazagufasha kwiga.

- Izindi nkuru wasoma zivuga ku bagore bakora mu rwego rw’imari:

• Ni umubyeyi, umugore n’umuyobozi: Ibyihariye ku buzima bwa Betty Sayinzoga uyobora Sanlam

• Icyerekezo cy’ubwishingizi, inzitizi ku bagore n’ibindi: Ikiganiro na Nibishaka uyobora Old Mutual