Kaberuka ahagana mu 1970 yagiye muri Tanzania yiga muri Kaminuza ya Dar Es Salaam, aho icyo gihe benshi mu bari muri kaminuza bari abantu baharanira impinduka mu bihugu byabo.

Bari abantu batwawe n’ibitekerezo byari mu gitabo cya Walter Rodney kivuga uburyo u Burayi bwadindije Afurika mu iterambere (How Europe Underdeveloped Africa). Yigeze kuvuga ko icyo gitabo “cyari nk’igitabo kigomba gusomwa na buri munyeshuri, cyari igitabo cyiza” ku buryo cyahinduye imitekerereze ya benshi.

Iyo myumvire yo guhindura Umugabane wa Afurika, ni yo yakuranye kugeza na n’ubu, aho mu byo yakoze byose aharanira ko uyu mugabane utera imbere.

Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 75, ni umuhanga mu by’ubukungu wize ibijyanye n’iterambere muri Kaminuza ya East Anglia mu Bwongereza mbere yo gukomeza amasomo y’ikirenga mu bukungu muri Kaminuza ya Glasgow.

Ubwo yigaga mu Bwongereza, yabonye ubukungu buhungabana bikomeye, atekereza icyakorwa kugira ngo ibihugu bishobore guhangana n’ibibazo bitunguranye.

Mu kiganiro na Jeune Afrique, yagize ati "Ikibazo cyibasiye ubukungu n’inganda cyangizeho ingaruka cyane. Tekereza kubona u Bwongereza buhura n’izamuka ry’ibiciro rya 25%, busaba ubufasha mu Kigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) mu 1976. Byanyigishije kutishingikiriza cyane ku magambo. Kuva icyo gihe, ikibazo mpora nibaza ni ‘ni igiki cyatanga umusaruro’?”

Mu myaka irenga 30 amaze mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imari, Kaberuka yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi w’u Rwanda kuva mu 1997 kugeza mu 2005, ayobora Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere, BAD, ndetse akomeza guhabwa inshingano zikomeye zo gushakira Afurika ibisubizo ku bibazo byayo.

Ubwo yari Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi, yagize uruhare mu gufata ingamba zirimo guteza imbere ubukungu, guha ubwigenge Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, kongera imisoro ikusanywa no gushyiraho gahunda yo gukoresha neza umutungo wa Leta.

Muri ibyo bihe, ibigo mpuzamahanga birimo Ikigo cy’u Bufaransa gishinzwe Iterambere (AFD), byagaragaje u Rwanda nk’intangarugero mu guteza imbere ubukungu muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Mu 2005, Dr. Kaberuka yatorewe kuyobora Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (BAD). Mu myaka 10 yayiyoboye, imari shingiro yayo yavuye kuri miliyari 30 z’Amadolari igera kuri miliyari 100 z’Amadolari, ndetse imishinga yateye inkunga yikuba kabiri.

Ubushobozi bwa Dr. Kaberuka bwagaragaye cyane mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku Isi ryo mu 2008. Yavuze ko icyo gihe abayobozi bo mu bihugu bitandukanye bamuhamagaye bamusaba ubufasha kuko bari bafite impungenge ko Afurika izahungabana cyane.

Isesengura ryabo ryagaragaje ko amabanki yo muri Afurika atari guhita ahungabana cyane, kuko atari afitanye isano ikomeye n’amasoko y’imari yo mu Burengerazuba. Icyakora, umugabane wari guhura n’ingaruka ziturutse ku igabanuka mu buhahirane, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ishoramari.

Ati “Abayobozi barampamagaraga bahangayitse, bavuga bati ‘Afurika ni wo mugabane uzahungabana cyane’.”

Mu rwego rwo gushaka ibisubizo, Dr. Kaberuka yatumiye ba Minisitiri b’Imari na ba Guverineri ba Banki Nkuru z’ibihugu i Tunis, aho icyicaro cya BAD cyari kiri, kugira ngo basuzume uko Afurika yakwitwara.

BAD yahise itangira gufasha ibihugu hashingiwe ku bibazo bya buri kimwe. Hari ibyahawe amafaranga yo gushyigikira ingengo y’imari, ibindi bifashwa mu kuringaniza amafaranga byishyuraga n’ayo byinjizaga, naho ahandi hashyirwa imbaraga mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo.

Ati “Twanzuye ko inzego zacu z’amabanki n’izitari iz’amabanki zishobora kunyura muri ibyo bihe zemye kubera ko zakoranaga gake n’isoko ryo mu Burengerazuba.”

Ku buyobozi bwe, BAD yageragezaga kureba ubukungu bw’igihugu, urwego rw’iterambere kigezeho n’ibibazo byihariye gifite, mbere yo kugena uburyo bwo kugifasha.

Urugero nko muri Togo, banki yashyigikiye imishinga y’ibikorwa remezo irimo umuhanda uhuza Lomé na Cotonou. Icyari kigamijwe kwari ukubaka ibikorwa byashoboraga guteza imbere ubucuruzi no guhanga imirimo, aho kwibanda gusa ku kugabanya amafaranga leta yakoreshaga.

Dr. Kaberuka ntiyemera ko igihe ibibazo bivutse, hakoreshwa uburyo bumwe bwo kubikemura. Ahubwo yemera guhuza ibisubizo n’imiterere ya buri gihugu nko gutanga inkunga ku ngengo y’imari kandi ikajyana n’ubushobozi bw’igihugu no gushora imari mu bikorwaremezo.

Yanashyize imbaraga mu guteza imbere inganda nto n’iziciriritse, kuko yabonaga ko ari zo zifite ubushobozi bwo guhanga imirimo myinshi no kugabanya ubushomeri.

Kaberuka yashingiraga ku rugero rw’u Budage, aho ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bizwi nka Mittelstand bifite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’igihugu.

Yavugaga ko “ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’u Budage ari ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse,” kuko ari byo bigira uruhare rufatika mu kugabanya ubushomeri.

Ati “Umusingi w’iterambere ry’u Budage ni ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse. Ni byo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kugabanya ubushomeri.”

Nyuma yo kuva ku buyobozi bwa BAD, Donald Kaberuka ntiyahagaritse kugira uruhare mu gushakira Afurika ibisubizo.

Yayoboye Inama y’Ubutegetsi y’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cyo kurwanya Sida, Igituntu na Malariya, anaba Intumwa yihariye y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya Covid-19.

Muri izo nshingano, yakomeje guteza imbere igitekerezo cy’uko Afurika ikwiye kugabanya buhoro buhoro kwishingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga, ikubaka ubushobozi bwo gutera inkunga serivisi zayo z’ingenzi.

Kaberuka yafatiye urugero ku buryo iki cyorezo cyahungabanyije Isi, aho ibihugu byafashe ibyemezo byo kwirwanaho, ashimangira ko Afurika ikwiye kugenda igabanya kwishingikiriza ku nkunga z’amahanga.

Ubuzima nyuma y’ubuyobozi bwa BAD

Mu 2017, Kaberuka na Lionel Zinsou wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Bénin bashinze SouthBridge, ikigo gitanga ubujyanama mu by’imari n’ishoramari.

Ni ikigo gifite icyicaro mu Rwanda, i Paris n’i Abidjan muri Côte d’Ivoire.

Icyakora, uruhare rwa Kaberuka mu nshingano nyinshi mpuzamahanga rwagize ingaruka ku mikorere y’iki kigo. Yemera ko rimwe na rimwe ibikorwa bya SouthBridge byasigaye inyuma y’izindi nshingano yari afite.

Ikigo cyaje gusaba Deloitte kugikorera igenzura, kigaragaza ko cyari gikeneye kongera ibikorwa byo gucunga imitungo n’ishoramari, aho kwibanda cyane ku kugira inama ibihugu.
Ibi na byo bigaragaza undi mwihariko wa Kaberuka wo kwemera ahari intege nke no gushaka uburyo bwo kuzikosora.

Dr. Donald Kaberuka yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubaka ubukungu bw'u Rwanda na Afurika