Aho yimukiye hari ikirere gitandukanye n’uruhu rutandukanye n’icyo yabagamo mbere. Hashize ibinyagihumbi umunani Abanyaburayi ba mbere bagaragaye bafite uruhu rwera.

Abantu ba mbere batuye mu Burayi, hashize imyaka ibihumbi 40, bari bafite uruhu rwirabura, bakaba barakomeje gutya imyaka irenga ibihumbi 10 nk’uko Science Magazine ibitangaza mu kazi kagaragajwe mu nama y’abahanga ku bumenyi bw’umuntu (anthropologues) b’Abanyamerika.

Aba banagaragaje ko abari batuye u Burayi bari bafite uruhu rwirabura mu myaka 8 500 ishize.

Utunyangingo ndangamasano (genes) tubiri twagarutsweho

Mu kubigaragaza kuko bizwi ko uruhu rutajya rupfa kwihindura, abashakashatsi basuzumye banagereranya ingano za ‘genes’ zo mu bikanka (squelettes) 83 byakuwe ahantu ndangamateka hatandukanye i Burayi (Espagne, Luxembourg, Hongrie).

Aba bahanga kandi muri Gashyantare batangaje ko Abanyaburayi b’ubu ahanini bakomoka ku moko atatu yo mu myaka yo hambere (Néolithique). Abahigi bo mu myaka ibihumbi 12 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu (Paléolithique), abahinzi bavuye mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika n’Uburengerazuba bwa Aziya (Proche Orient), mu myaka 7 800 n’aborozi b’amatungo b’aba Yamnaya ( Abantu bari bafite imico yo muri Ukraine n’u Burusiya babayeho mu hagati y’ikinyejana cya 36 na 23 mbere ya Yezu).

Aba ba Yamnaya baturutse mu majyaruguru y’Inyanja y’umukara, abashakashatsi bagatekereza ko ari nabo bazanye indimi zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu Burayi. Nk’uko inyigo zabigaragaje mu nama y’abahanga mu bumenyi ku muntu, aba baturage bahageze kuva mu myaka 4 500 ishize.

Na none, kwihuza kw’amoko atatu y’abantu mu majyaruguru y’ u Burayi, byatumye habaho uruhu rwera. Ikibazo cy’uguhererekanya bimwe mu bigize umubiri w’umuntu kikaba cyaritaweho kuri iri hinduka.

Kuba bari batuye mu gice kitarimo izuba ryinshi nk’uko byari bimeze aho bakomotse muri Afurika, ikorwa ry’uduce dutuma uruhu ruba umukara (melanine) rirahinduka kuri aba bantu, hagamijwe gufasha uruhu kwinjiza Vitamini D.

Iri hinduka ry’uruhu naryo ryagarutsweho n’abahanga mu kugereranya tumwe mu duce tugize umuntu twagaragaye mu bikanka byagereranyijwe n’iby’Abanyaburayi b’ubu.
Bashoboye kandi kwitegereza ko birebana na ‘genes’ za SLC24A5 na SLC45A2 kuko iyo zibuze mu mubiri uruhu ruhita rutangira kweruruka.

Amaso, uruhu n’ umusatsi

Ibi bimenyetso byagaragaye cyane mu myaka 8 000 bijyanye n’amateka ya Homo Sapiens (Umuntu ubanziriza uw’ubu). Aba bashakashatsi basanze ibisigazwa by’abantu mu myaka isaga 7 700 byabonywe mu mu majyepfo ya Suwede, bigaragaza ubwoko bubiri bw’uruhu rwera, ariko bafite ‘gene’ ya gatatu yahinditse ya HERC2/OCA2, ituma babaho bafite amaso y’uburururu n’ imisatsi yeruruka.

Ibindi birango bigaragaza uruhererekane rw’abantu byari bishingiye ku bintu bigaragaza uburebure bw’abantu, byagaragaye mu majyaruguru n’ u Burayi bwo hagati.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere byo mu myaka 8000 byagaragaye ko byagiye byiyongera cyane guhera mu myaka ya 4 800, imyaka ihura n’ isuhuka ry’ aba Yamnaya. Akazi kagaragajwe n’abahanga muri iriya nama y’abahanga ku bumenyi bw’umuntu kerekanye ko imimerere bahuje yakwiriye cyane mu Burayi mu buryo bwihuse.