Mbere y’ubukoloni, wari uburyo bw’imigirire ishingiye ku muco gakondo wo gukorera hamwe hagamijwe gukemura ibibazo by'imibereho n'ubukungu bigamije inyungu zihuriweho gusa mu gihe cyabwo waje guhinduka uwo gukoraho imirimo y’abakoloni.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Umuganda wongeye gukorwa mu isura nshya yo kubaka Igihugu cyane ko cyari cyarasenyutse bigaragara, wagize uruhare mu kongera guhuza Abanyarwanda no guteza imbere imibereho n’imibanire yabo.

Wagize uruhare muri byinshi birimo imihanda yahanzwe, ibyumba by' amashuri byubatswe, guca amatarasi y'indinganire, gutera ibiti ku misozi myinshi, kubaka inzu n'ubwiherero by'abatishoboye no kwimakaza isuku n’ibindi.

Mu 2005 hashyizweho Politiki y’Umuganda, hashyirwaho n’itegeko rigenga Umuganda mu Rwanda, ibyatumye uba igikorwa ngaruka kwezi gihuriza hamwe Abanyarwanda muri rusange bagamije kugira icyo bikorera mu nyungu rusange.

Nyuma waje gushimangirwa unemezwa nk’igikorwa cy’iterambere rusange ry’Igihugu mu 2007 unashyirwamo imbaraga ndetse ibyakozwe bikajya bibarwa mu gacirofaranga kugira ngo abaturage basobanukirwe agaciro k’ibyo bakora.

Guhera mu 2007 agaciro k’ibikorwa by’Umuganda kagiye kiyongera kuko muri uwo mwaka hari hakozwe ibikorwa bifite agaciro ka miliyari 4,1 Frw bigera muri 2016 bigeze kuri miliyari 19,2 Frw.

Mu 2017, hashyizweho Politiki y’Umuganda ivuguruye n’ingamba zo kuyishyira mu bikorwa mu rwego rwo kunoza imitunganyirize y’Umuganda kugira ngo urusheho gukomeza kunganira ingengo y’imari y’Igihugu no kwimakaza imibereho n’imibanire myiza binajyanishwe n’icyerekezo 2050.

Muri uwo mwaka binyu mu Muganda hakozwe ibikorwa bya miliyari 21,8 Frw, mu 2018/19 hakorwa ibya miliyari 22,8 Frw, mu 2019/2020 biba miliyari 23,7 Frw, mu 2022/2023 ziba miliyari 27,01 Frw mu gihe mu 2023/2024 zari miliyari 22,8 Frw.

Muri rusange mu myaka irindwi ishize (2017-2024) Abanyarwanda bakoze ibikorwa by’Umuganda bifite agaciro kangana na 146.732.155.260 Frw.

Ibi bikorwa bikubiye mu kubaka ibigo by’ubuvuzi, amashuri, ibiraro, imihanda, amateme, inzu z’abatishoboye, inyubako zikorerwamo n’inzego za Leta n’ibikorwa by’umuganda bishingiye ku bumenyi bitandukanye.

Visi Perezida wa Komisiyo ya Politiki n’Imiyoborere muri Sena y’u Rwanda, Uwera Pélagie, yagaragaje ko basanze Umuganda ari ingenzi mu iterambere ry’igihugu.

Yakomeje ati “Umuganda wanabaye urubuga ruhuza abaturage bakaganira ku bibazo bibugarije bakanafatanyiriza hamwe gushaka umuti wabyo. Umuganda kandi wabaye umuyoboro w’ubukangurambaga mu baturage kuri gahunda za Leta zitandukanye.”

Ubwitabire buracyari buke…

Itegeko rigenga Umuganda rusange mu Rwanda rivuga ko Abanyarwanda bafite imyaka 18 kugeza kuri 65 bafite inshingano yo gukora Umuganda. Abanyamahanga baba mu Rwanda na bo bashishikarizwa kwitabira Umuganda.

Uwera yerekanye ariko ko nubwo wagize uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa bitandukanye, wanahuye n’imbogamizi zishingiye ku bwitabire, iteganyabikorwa n’ihuzabikorwa, isuzumwa n’igenwa ry’agaciro k’Umuganda n’imyumvire kuri wo.

Nko guhera mu 2018 ubwitabire bw’Umuganda bwari kuri 93,4%, mu 2019 buba 90%, mu 2020 buba 88%, mu 2023 bwari 91% mu gihe 2024 bwageze kuri 92,3%.

Minisitiri y’ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, MINALOC yerekanye ko ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera hari gutegurwa amabwiriza yerekeye Umuganda harimo n’ibyerekeye abagize inzego zishinzwe Umuganda kugira ngo ibyiciro byihariye birimo abahagarariye inzego z’abanyamyuga, abikorera (PSF) na Sosiyete Sivile birusheho kugira uruhare mu Muganda ndetse hanakemurwe imbogamizi zagaragayemo.

MINALOC kandi yagaragaje ko hakenewe gushyirwa imbaraga mu Muganda w’ubumenyi bwihariye kuko ari ingenzi mu gusigasira agaciro k’Umuganda no gukomeza kuwubyaza umusaruro utegerejweho ndetse bikanatuma urushaho kwitabirwa.

Senateri Dr. Frank Habineza yavuze ko mu rwego rwo gushishikariza urubyiruko n’abandi bafite ubumenyi kwitabira Umuganda, hakwiye gutekerezwa ibikorwa bisaba ubumenyi rushobora gufashamo nk’ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, gusuzuma no kuvura indwara, ubujyanama mu mategeko n’ibindi.

Yagize ati “Abantu bagakoresha ubumenyi bize, akaba ari wo Muganda bakora. Abazi ibyo by’koranabuhanga bakabidufashamo, abize iby’ubuganga bakadufasha muri ibyo, buri muntu wese akagenda yiyumva mu cyo ashoboye gukora ariko na none Umuganda tugahindura uburyo wari usanzwe ukora, ukamera nk’aho ari ikintu gishimishije.”

Yanavuze ko uburyo bw’ubukangurambaga bukwiye guhindurwa, hakarushaho gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye nka Instagram, Tiktok, X, Facebook n’izindi aho gukoresha gusa za mikoro mu midugudu.

Senateri Mureshyankwano Marie Rose na we yavuze ko Umuganda ukwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga mu buryo utegurwa kugira ngo hanozwe inyugu zawo.

Ku rundi ruhande, Senateri Wibabara yagaragaje ko Umuganda udakwiye kubarirwa agaciro kawo gusa mu mafaranga kuko unafasha guteza imbere imibanire myiza y’abaturage, ubusabane no gukorera hamwe.

Hari ibindi bikorwa byagaragajwe birimo kudakora igenamigambi ry’Umuganda rinoze, gukabya ku gacirofaranga k’ibikorwa by’Umuganda, gufata umunsi w’Umuganda nk’ikiruhuko, urubyiruko rutitabira neza, abaturage bangiza ibikorwa n’ibindi.

Senateri Uwizeyimana Evode ati “Nagiye mbona ahantu bagenda bakarundanya ibintu by’ibyondo bakabeshya ngo umuturage bamwubakiye inzu ifite miliyoni 15 Frw. Ibyo byabaye rusange mu turere twose abantu bakabyemera na byo nsinzi ngo byaje gute?”

Abaturage bishimira Umuganda

Mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu abaturage bishimira ibikorwa by’Umuganda birimo gutunganya imihanda y’imigenderano, kubakira abatishoboye, guca amaterasi n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Umwe mu baturage bo mu Karere ka Nyanza wubakiwe inzu binyuze mu Muganda aheruka kubwira IGIHE ati “Imvura yagwaga tukagira ubwoba ko ziri butugwe hejuru, none ubu tukaba tugiye kuzaba mu nzu nziza."

Mukankundiye wo muri Karongi we yagize ati “Imvura yaragwaga nkanyagirwa, nkafata ibintu byose nkabishyira mu nguni imwe ubundi ikanyagirira kugeza ihise. Nta kintu nari nshoboye gukora, nta muntu mfite unyitaho. Muri make nari mbayeho mu buzima bubi kubera ko n’amateka mabi u Rwanda rwanyuzemo yansize ndi nyakamwe nta n’ikintu mfite.”

Uretse abo n’abandi bagenda bishimira ibikorwa by’umuganda ndetse mu 2020 Leta yabashije kubaka ibyumba byinshi by’amashuri byafashije mu kugabanya ubucucike mu gihugu binyuze mu mbaraga z’Umuganda.