Ni umushinga ushyirwa mu bikorwa n’ikigo GasMeth Energy Ltd, ufite agaciro kose kabarirwa muri miliyoni 560$, ni ukuvuga amafaranga asaga miliyari 822Frw. Icyiciro cya mbere cyawo cyonyine gifite agaciro ka miliyari 528 Frw, cyangwa arenga miliyoni 360$.

Uyu mushinga watangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma y’amasezerano yasinywe mu 2019 hagati ya GasMeth na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, imirimo y’ibanze itangira mu 2022 mu Murenge wa Bwishyura mu Karere ka Karongi.

Intego yawo ni ugutunganya gaz méthane iri munsi y’Ikiyaga cya Kivu, igakoreshwa nk’ingufu zo guteka, iz’inganda n’iz’imodoka.

Ni yo bita CNG, cyangwa Compressed Natural Gas, ni ukuvuga gaz isanzwe, ariko yakozwe kugira ngo ibashe kubikwa mu macupa cyangwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe, itwarwe kandi ikoreshwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Kuki u Rwanda ruhanze amaso gaz yo mu Kivu?

Ikibazo cya mbere ni ingufu zo guteka. Imibare ya EICV7 ya 2024 igaragaza ko 75% by’ingo zo mu Rwanda zigikoresha inkwi mu guteka, 18,8% zigakoresha amakara, mu gihe 5,4% gusa ari zo zikoresha gaz, biogaz cyangwa amashanyarazi.

Ibi bivuze ko ingo nyinshi zigishingiye ku bimera, ari na byo bigira uruhare mu gutema amashyamba, kwangiza ibidukikije no guteza imyotsi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima.

Gaz yo mu Kivu izaza nk’ubundi buryo busimbura inkwi, amakara, mazutu na lisansi. Uyu mushinga bivugwa ko uzafasha kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, harimo kugabanya ‘monoxyde de carbone’ ku kigero cya 80% no kugabanya “hydrocarbons” mu binyabiziga ku kigero cya 45%.

Biteganyijwe kandi ko iyi gaz ishobora kurinda ko toni miliyoni 5,1 za ‘dioxyde de carbone’ zoherezwa mu kirere.

Hari n’indi mpamvu y’umutekano w’ikiyaga. Ikiyaga cya Kivu gifite gaz méthane na ‘dioxyde de carbone’ biri mu mazi yacyo. Iyo gaz ikuwe mu buryo bugenzuwe, bifasha kugabanya ibyago by’uko habaho impanuka izwi nka ‘limnic eruption’, aho gaz nyinshi ishobora gusohoka mu kiyaga icyarimwe ikaba yakwangiza ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibinyabuzima.

Ni yo mpamvu uyu mushinga udafatwa nk’uw’ingufu gusa, ahubwo n’uw’umutekano w’ikiyaga.

Ikiyaga cya Kivu kinavanwamo amashanyarazi afasha mu mirimo itandukanye

gucukura gaz iri mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 425

Umushinga wa GasMeth uzubakwa mu byiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya mbere ni ukubaka igikorwa remezo kizwi nka ‘offshore extraction barge’, ni ukuvuga urubuga runini rumeze nk’ubwato cyangwa ikibuga kireremba hejuru y’amazi, kizashyirwa mu Kiyaga cya Kivu rugakuramo amazi arimo gaz.

Ayo mazi azavanwa mu bujyakuzimu bwa metero 425. Aha ni ho haba amazi arimo méthane nyinshi. Si ugucukura nk’uko umuntu acukura amabuye mu butaka, ahubwo ni ugukurura amazi ari hasi cyane mu kiyaga hifashishijwe imiyoboro n’ibikoresho byabugenewe. Ayo mazi azamurwa agashyirwa mu mashini ziyatandukanya na gaz.

Iyo amazi avuye muri ubwo bujyakuzimu agera hejuru, umuvuduko wayo urahinduka. Ibi bituma gaz yari yivanze n’amazi ibasha gutandukana na yo. Aha ni ho hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gutandukanya gaz n’amazi.

Nyuma yo gutandukanya gaz n’amazi, hakurikiraho gukuramo CO₂. Gaz yo mu Kivu iba irimo gméthane, ariko ishobora no kuba irimo ‘dioxyde de carbone.’

Kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza, hagomba gukurwamo ibice bitari ngombwa, cyane cyane CO₂, kugira ngo hasigare gaz ifite ubwiza bukwiye gukoreshwa mu nganda, mu modoka cyangwa mu guteka.

Meterokibe miliyoni 40 za gaz ku munsi

Iyo gaz imaze gutunganywa, igomba gutsindagirwa (compression) kugira ngo ingano nini ya gaz ibashe kubikwa ahantu hato. Ni byo bituma gaz ishobora gushyirwa mu macupa cyangwa mu bikoresho bitwarwa n’amakamyo.

Mu cyiciro cya mbere, ikigo kizaba gifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya no gutsindagira gaz ingana na meterokibe miliyoni 13.2 ku munsi. Intego ni ukugera kuri meterokibe miliyoni 40 ku munsi.

Ibi bivuze ko icyiciro cya mbere kizaba ari intangiriro, ariko ibikorwa remezo byacyo bitegurwa ku buryo bizafasha no kwagura umushinga mu byiciro bizakurikiraho.

Umuyoboro w’ibilometero 35 munsi y’amazi

Iyo gaz imaze gutunganyirizwa kuri cya gikorwaremezo kiri mu mu kiyaga, igomba kugezwa ku butaka. Aha ni ho haza icyiciro cya kabiri cyo kubaka ‘submerged pipeline’ ni ukuvuga umuyoboro uca munsi y’amazi.

Uyu muyoboro uzaba ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 35 mu ntera uzashyirwa mu mazi ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 20.

Ni wo uzavana gaz kuri cya gikorwaremezo yatandukanyirijwemo n’amazi ruri hagati mu kiyaga ukayijyana ku butaka, i Karongi, ahazaba habarizwa uruganda kuyikanda no kuyipakira mu buryo bwo kuyigeza ku bayikeneye.

Mu 2022 ni bwo hashyizwe ibuye ry'ifatizo ahari kubakwa uruganda rutunganya gaz methane yo gutekesha

Uru rwego ni rwo ruhuza igice cyo mu kiyaga n’igice cyo ku butaka. Ni ingenzi kuko iyo idakora neza, gaz ntiyagera aho igomba gutunganyirizwa no gutwarwa.

Mu gihe gaz yegejejwe ku butaka, izajya mu ruganda ruri mu Murenge wa Bwishyura mu Karere ka Karongi. Aha ni ho izongera gutsindagirirwa, igapakirwa mu bikoresho byabugenewe, hanyuma ikoherezwa ku bazayikoresha.

Uru ruganda ruzaba rushobora gutsindagira gaz ku ngufu zo hejuru ku kigero cya 250 bar hirindwa ko yafatwara umwanya munini.

Ni cyo gituma CNG ishobora gushyirwa mu macupa manini cyangwa mu bikoresho bitwarwa n’amakamyo. Biteganyijwe ko ruzaba rushobora gupakira amakamyo agera kuri 40 ku munsi. Ayo makamyo azajya atwara gaz ayijyana ku nganda, ku masoko y’imodoka cyangwa ku bazayikoresha mu guteka.

Ingo zirenga ibihumbi 400

Gaz izava muri uyu mushinga izagira ahantu hatatu h’ingenzi ikoreshwa. Icya mbere ni mu guteka. Aha ni ho hitezwe impinduka nini ku ngo zo mu Rwanda, kuko gaz ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara.

Ni umushinga uzafasha kugeza gaz mu ngo ziri hagati y’ibihumbi 300 n’ibihumbi 400 hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa mu butetsi kugeza ubu.

Ahandi ni mu nganda. Inganda zikenera ingufu zihoraho, zizewe kandi zitangiza cyane ikirere. CNG ishobora kuba igisubizo ku nganda zikoresha mazutu cyangwa ibindi bicanwa bihenze.

Ahandi ni mu binyabiziga. CNG ishobora gukoreshwa nk’igicanwa cy’imodoka, isimbura lisansi cyangwa mazutu. Ni yo mpamvu umushinga uvuga ko uzafasha mu kugabanya hydrocarbons mu modoka ku kigero cya 45%, no kugabanya CO ku kigero cya 80%.

Imirimo irarimbanyije

Mu minsi ishize byatangajwe ko imirimo itegura ahazashyirwa uruganda rutunganya gaz méthane yo gutekesha ivuye mu Kiyaga cya Kivu igeze kuri 95%.

Ni imirimo irimo gutegura aho ruzubakwa, harimo no kubaka ibikorwaremezo bisanzwe, gutegura ikibanza, kubaka umusingi, kubaka inyubako, imihanda, imiyoboro y’amazi no kubaka ibindi bizafasha imashini n’uruganda muri rusange.

Ni imirimo izakurikirwa no gushyiraho ibikoresho byo mu nganda n’izindi mashini ruzifashishwa.

Amakuru aheruka yatanzwe na GasMeth agaragaza ko uyu mushinga uzatangira kubyazwa umusaruro mu 2028.

Kugeza ubu, uyu mushinga ukoresha abantu bagera kuri 250 mu buryo butaziguye n’ubuziguye. Uko imirimo yo kubaka izagenda yiyongera, uwo mubare uteganyijwe kuzamuka ukagera hagati ya 600 na 800 bitarenze impera za 2026. Mu gihe umushinga uzaba ugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru, biteganyijwe ko ushobora guhanga imirimo igera ku 1.000 y’abakozi bafite ubumenyi bwihariye kandi bahembwa neza.

GasMeth izaba uruganda rwa gatatu rukomeye rukoresha gaz méthane yo mu Kivu, nyuma ya KivuWatt na Shema Power Lake Kivu.

Gaz yo gutekesha yo mu Kiyaga cya Kivu izatangira kuboneka mu 2028