{ Nyuma y’imyaka 14 igihugu cy’u Bufaransa gisubiye inyuma ku rutonde rw’ibihugu bikurura abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga kurusha ibindi, ubu noneho cyongeye kwisubiza umwanya wa gatatu cyahoranye nyuma y’ingamba nyinshi cyafashe. }

Ubu kiraza inyuma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bwongereza, kigakurikirwa kuri urwo rutonde, na Australia.

Umuntu wese ashobora kwibaza impamvu igihugu cyishimira cyangwa se giharanira kuba cyaza kwigwamo n’abanyamahanga benshi, akumva nta shingiro byaba bifite, ariko ni ibintu bikomeye kuko bigaragaza ko igihugu gifitiwe ikizere kandi uretse ikizere kikaba kinafite imbaraga no gukundwa mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.

Nkuko imibare ya nyuma yashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku burezi umutungo kamere no kubungabunga umurage w’amateka UNESCO, ngo muri uyu mwaka wa 2013, u Bufaransa bwaje ku mwanya wa gatatu w’ibihugu bishidukirwa n’abanyeshuri batururka mu bindi bihugu, aho abagra ku 288 544 baturuka mu mahanga, ni ukuvuga 7% by’abanyeshuri bose bagenda bajya kwiga mu mahanga atandukanye ku isi.

Kuva muri 2009, u Bufaransa bwabashije kwiyongeraho 8%, bituma bwongera gufata umwanya bwahoranye wa Gatatu mu myaka iyingayinga 15 ishize. Gusa nubwo bimeze bityo, n’umubare muri rusange w’abanyeshuri baturuka imihanda yose bagana u Bufaransa wariyongereyeho 90% kuko mu 1998 ubwo u Bufaransa bwari bukiri imbere bwari bufite abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga bagera ku 151 969. Kuri ubu 15,2% by’abanyesghuri bose bari mu Bufaransa ni abanyamahanga baje kuhiga ngo bahavome ubumenyi butandukanye bakeka ko batapfa kubona iwabo.

Bimwe mu byari byarateye igabanuka ry’abagana u Bufaransa na zimwe mu ngamba zafashwe

Zimwe mu ngamaba zafashwe zatumye benshi mu banyeshuri bifuza kwiga mu bihugu by’amahanga bongera kwiyumvamo u Bufaransa, bitewe n’uko ahanini, habayeho kongera igihe cya Visa z’ubunyeshuri ku buryo ubu hari ubwo umunyeshuri ushaka kwigayo ahabwa imyaka imyaka 2,5 cyangwa 3 ya nyuma y’amasomo aho aba ashobora kuguma mu Bufaransa ashakisha imirimo, yayibona akaba ashobora no guhabwa ubwenegihugu, ibi byose ari mu rwego rwo kugumana ab’intyoza mu baba baraje kuhiga nk’uko byahoze na mbere.

Ibi kandi ngo bigiye gushyigikirwa n’itegeko ryatowe kuwa 22 Nyakanga 2013, rizafasha mu gutuma u Bufaransa buba igihugu kireshya cyane abanyeshuri b’abanyamahanga ndetse n’ubufatanye bushingiye ku bufatanye bw’u bufaransa n’ibindi bihugu.

Bimwe mu byari byarateye u Bufaransa gusubira inyuma mu kuba igihugu kireshya cyane abanyeshuri b’amahanga, ngo harimo ko benshi mu banyeshuri n’ababyeyi babo batekereza ko ururimi rugezweho rwo kwigishamo ari Icyongereza, kandi mu Bufaransa, hariho itegeko ry’uko ururimi rwo kwigishamo muri za kaminuza zaho rugomba kuba igifaransa gusa.

Iki kibazo cy’ururimi cyatumye gukundwa kw’amashuri yo mu Bufaransa kugabanuka, ndetse no kuba harabayeho kugabanya imyaka ya Visa yahabwaga abanyeshuri kuba baguma mu Bufaransa nyuma y’amasomo yabo, ikava kuri itatu ikaba umwe n’igice, hakaba kandi mu Bufaransa hari habujijwe ko abikorera bigisha mu buryo buhabanye n’itegeko ryo mu Bufaransa ndetse bikaba bitari binaboroheye gushingayo amashuri. Gusa ubwo boroherezaga amashuri makuru yigenga kubaho no gukora mu buryo bworoshye byongeye gutuma abanyeshuri bava hanze biyongera.

Si ibyo gusa kuko mu ngamba zafashwe harimo n’uko hongerewe ahakirirwa abanyeshuri baturuka hanze, ndetse ngo ubu Leta y’u Bufaransa iranateganya kongera amacumbi n’izindi nyubako z’amashuri mu rwego rwo gukurura benshi kurushaho kuko si u Bufaransa bwonyine bwifuza kwireherezaho abanyeshuri bakomoka mu mahanga.

Ibihugu byinshi by’uburayi birarwanira kwireherezaho abanyeshuri no kubagumana

Ibihugu byinshi birimo u Budage, u Buholande, Suwede, u Bwongereza n’ibindi ngo mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe, hagaragaye ko biba byifuza kwakira abanyeshuri benshi baturuka imihanda yose ku Isi kandi bikabagumana, kuko biba bikeneye ko bamwe muri abo banyeshuri akenshi baba baje ari abahanga bahaguma bagakorera ibyo bihugu byabigishije, bakoresheje ubumenyi bahaherewe.

Gusa ngo ubu muri ibi bihugu by’uBurayi byose haracyari ikibazo cy’uko ababyizemo benshi batakifuza kubigumamo ngo babibemo ahubwo benshi cyane ngo basigaye barangiza bakitahira cyangwa bakajya mu bindi bihugu ku mugabane wa Amerika na Australia.

Abanyeshuri biga mu bihugu by’amahanga bakanifuza kuhaguma, ubu basigaye bibanze muri America, Canada, na Australia kuko ngo ariho babona uburyo bwinshi buborohereza kuhaba nk’abaturage baho ndetse ngo n’ibyo basabwa kugira ngo bahabwe ubwenegihugu bikaba bidakabije nk’uko byagiye bikazwa mu bihugu by’uburayi cyane nk’u bufaransa n’u Bwongereza.

Gusa n’ubwo byakajijwe kubasha kuba mu bwongereza n’u Bufaransa, ngo usanga abanyeshuri benshi iyo bifuza aho kujya kwiga mu mahanga, baba batekereza ibyo bihugu byombi cyane ko aribyo biba byarakolonije n’ibihugu benshi baturukamo. Nyamara ariko ngo ubu abajya I Burayi benshi, ngo abiga ahantu bakanahaguma bagatura ubasanga mu Buholande, n’ubwo mu bihugu bindi byinshi n’iki kirimo abasaba amashuri batajya babitekereza mu mizo ya mbere kuko akenshi baba bakeka ko indimi zaho zizabagora, kandi bakaba batanibuka ko hafi ya hose ururimi rwo kwigishamo ruba ari icyongereza.

Ubu ibihugu bya Aziya nibyo bimaze kugerwaho cyane mu kwifuzwa

Igihugu cy'u Bushinwa, nicyo gihugu cyabashije kuza muri bitatu bya mbere byifuzwa n'abanyeshuri baturuka mu mahanga, aho mu myaka itanu ishize cyaje ku mwanya wa gatatu nk'igihgu cyakiriye abanyeshuri benshi bava mu mahanga.

Kuri ubu cyo na Maleysia, ndetse na Korea y'amajyepfo, birigaragaza cyane nk'ibihugu bya Aziya bikurura benshi bajya kubyigamo, bahaha ubumenyi butandukanye, mu gihe bigenzi byacyo nk'u Buyapani bitaroroshya cyane ku banyamahanga baba bashaka kubyigamo.

Muri Afurika ho Buruse cyangwa n'abirihira iyo batekereje aho kujya kwiga, abenshi usanga bahita batekereza muri Afurika y'Epfo, ndetse no mu bihugu by'abarabu muri Afurka ya ruguru.