Icyakora kimwe n’ibindi bihugu, Amerika na yo igira umwenda w’imbere mu gihugu n’umwenda mpuzamahanga, aho wamaze kurenga miliyari ibihumbi 30$ bwa mbere mu mateka y’icyo gihugu.

Uyu mwenda wazamuwe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19 nk’uko byagenze ku bindi bihugu. Amerika yashyizeho ingamba zikomeye zirimo gufasha abaturage badakora kubona amafaranga abatunga mu bihe by’icyorezo, ibintu byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura umwenda muri rusange.

Mu mpera za 2019, umwenda wa Amerika wari uhagaze kuri miliyari ibihumbi 22$, ariko icyemezo cya Perezida Joe Biden cyo gushora arenga miliyari 1.500$ mu bikorwa byo kugoboka abaturage, mu gihe imisoro yagabanutse bitewe n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu, byagize ingaruka ku buryo amafaranga icyo gihugu gisohora aruta ayo cyinjiza, bityo kikifashisha umwenda mu kuziba icyo cyuho.

Umwenda wa Amerika urimo ibice bibiri, birimo uw’ibigo bya Leta biguriza ibindi bigo bya Leta, ukabarwa nk’uw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’uwo Amerika ifitiye ibindi bihugu, cyangwa se indi miryango mpuzamahanga, uyu ukaba ari na wo muto.

Muri rusange, umwenda Amerika ifitiye ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ungana na miliyari 8.000$, u Buyapani bukaba ku mwanya wa mbere aho bufitiwe umwenda urenga miliyari 1.100$, bugakurikirwa n’u Bushinwa bufitiwe na Amerika umwenda ungana na miliyari 1000$.

U Bwongereza, Luxemburg, Ireland, u Busuwisi, Brazil, Taiwan, Hong Kong, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi, u Buhinde, Canada, Singapore, Korea n’ibindi bihugu byinshi birimo n’ibifite ubukungu buciriritse nka Phillipines, bifitiwe umwenda na Amerika.

Mu 2017, Perezida Donald Trump, yashyizeho itegeko rigabanya umusoro ku bigo binini byakabaye byishyura umusoro uri hejuru, avuga ko ryari rigamije gushishikariza ibyo bigo kutimurira ibikorwa byabyo mu bihugu nk’u Bushinwa bifite umusoro udakanganye.

Aya mabwiriza kandi yari agamije gutera ingabo mu bitugu ibigo binini kuko bifashe runini mu bukungu, bijyanye n’uko biha akazi abantu benshi kandi nabo bishyura imisoro, bityo mu rwego rwo kurushaho gutuma bitanga akazi ku bantu benshi kurushaho, bigabanyirizwa umusoro kugira ngo ubwo bwizigame buzakoreshwe mu guhemba abakozi bashya.

Ingamba za Trump zatanze umusaruro kuko zagize uruhare mu kugabanya ubushomeri mu gihugu, aho ku ngoma ye bwageze ku kigero cya 4% ari nabwo bwa mbere byari bibayeho ko ubushomeri bugabanuka kuri icyo kigero muri Amerika.

Icyakora nka ya nkota y’amugi yombi, iki cyemezo cyanagize ingaruka kuko cyagabanyije mu buryo bugaragara imisoro yinjizwaga na Amerika, mu gihe amafaranga ikenera gusohora yiyongera, bityo bigira ingaruka z’uko Amerika ikenera ideni mu kuziba icyo cyuho.

Ibi ni byo abahanga baheraho bagaragaza nk’impamvu ideni rya Amerika ryazamutse cyane kuva mu 2019, nubwo hajemo n’ibibazo bya Covid-19.

Imibare yerekana ko ni yo icyorezo cya Covid-19 kitabaho, ingaruka z’itegeko ryasinywe na Trump zari kongera hagati ya miliyari 1000$ na miliyari 2000$ ku ideni rya Amerika hagati ya 2018 na 2025. Bikekwa ko aya mafaranga azanarushaho kwiyongera mu gihe ibigo byasonewe kwishyura imisoro mu gihe runaka byasaba ko icyo gihe cyongerwa.

Impungenge mu baturage

Mu gihe ideni rya Amerika ryarenze ikigero cya 100% ugereranyije n’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu, Abanyamerika benshi bakomeje kugaragaza ko ari cyo kibazo cy’ibanze kibangamiye igihugu.

Nk’ubu mu igenzura riherutse gukorwa na CNN mu Ukuboza umwaka ushize, byagaragaye ko ideni rya Amerika rihangayikishije abaturage kurusha Covid-19, aho 67% bavuze ko ari ikibazo gikomeye, mu gihe 65% bagaragaje Covid-19 nk’ikibabangamiye. Abagera kuri 80% bavuze ko ikibazo gikomereye Amerika ari izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibindi bikenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Igiteye impungenge ni uko gukuraho izi ngamba bitazoroha nk’uko biherutse gutangazwa na Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru ya Amerika, Jerome Powell.

Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko ukutumvikana kw’amashyaka gushobora kuzatuma habura ufata iya mbere mu gukuraho itegeko rya Perezida Trump, cyangwa se agategeka kongera imisoro kuko ari bwo buryo bwagabanya icyuho kiri mu ngengo y’imari.

Hari ubwoba ko hagati y’Aba-Démocrates n’Aba-Républicains bashobora kutazigera bazamura iyi ngingo nubwo iteje ikibazo ku bukungu bw’igihugu, mu rwego rwo kwirinda gutakaza amajwi mu bihe by’amatora.

Hagati, inzego z’imari muri Amerika zikomeje gutanga icyizere, aho zivuga ko Amerika ifite ubushobozi burenze ubukenewe bwo kwishyura umwenda ifite, bikanaterwa n’uko inyungu ku nguzanyo icyo gihugu cyishyura ugereranyije n’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu yagabanutse ikaba igeze kuri 1.5% ivuye kuri 3% mu 1990.

Hagati aho, inyungu zishyurwa ku mwenda wa Amerika zitezwe kuzagera kuri miliyari 5.000$ mu myaka itatu iri imbere.

Igisobanuro cy’umwenda ukabije wa Amerika ku bukungu bw’Isi

Izamuka ry’umwenda wa Amerika rishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku bukungu bw’Isi. Icya mbere, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga asohorwa na Amerika mu rwego rwo kwizigamira kurushaho.

Ibi bisobanuye ko inkunga n’imyenda itangwa na Amerika byagabanuka, ikintu gishobora kugira ingaruka ku miryango mpuzamahanga nk’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’indi itandukanye usanga Amerika itangamo amafaranga menshi.

Ibi kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo guhaha bw’Abanyamerika, nko mu gihe imisoro ku bakozi n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi yakwiyongera mu rwego rwo kuziba icyuho mu ngengo y’imari. Ibi byatuma ibyo amahanga acuruza muri Amerika bibura isoko, ikintu cyatuma ibicuruzwa byinshi ku Isi birimo ikawa, peteroli n’amabuye y’agaciro bishobora guta agaciro.

Ibyo byagira ingaruka zifatika ku bihugu birimo ibikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere nk’u Rwanda n’ibindi bishingira ubukungu bwabyo ku mutungo kamere. Icyakora ku rundi ruhande, ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza ku bindi bihugu nk’u Bushinwa kuko byabona umutungo kamere ku biciro bito, ariko nabyo byagorwa no kubona amasoko mpuzamahanga bisimbuza Amerika, isanzwe ari cyo gihugu kigura umusaruro mwinshi ukomoka mu Bushinwa.

Uretse kugura umusaruro w’ibindi bihugu, Amerika inafashe runini mu kohereza abakerarugendo benshi hanze, aho iki gihugu cyari ku mwanya wa gatatu mu kohereza abakerarugendo benshi hanze mu 2017, aho bageze kuri miliyoni 87.

Mu gihe ubushobozi bwabo bwagabanuka bitewe no kwishyura imisoro myinshi, birumvikana ko bagabanya ingendo bakorera mu mahanga, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bihugu bishingira urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ku baturage ba Amerika, byiganjemo ibiri ku Mugabane wa Amerika y’Amajyepfo.

Mu gihe ubushobozi bw’Abanyamerika bwo kujya ku masoko bwagabanuka kandi, bishobora kongera ubushake bw’ibigo bikomeye by’ubucuruzi bwo kwimurira inganda zabyo mu bihugu nk’u Bushinwa bifite isoko rinini, abakozi bahendutse n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku yandi masoko nk’irya Afurika n’u Buhinde.

Ibi bishobora kongera ubushomeri muri Amerika, nabyo bizana n’izindi ngaruka nko kwiyongera k’urugomo n’umutekano mucye, ibirushaho gutuma ubucuruzi bugorana kurushaho bityo n’umusaruro ukarushaho kugabanuka.

Icyakora bitewe n’idolari rya Amerika, iki gihugu gishobora kugira ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo koroshya umwenda gifitiye amahanga, burimo no gukora amadolari menshi akishyurwa ibindi bihugu.

Umwenda wa Amerika warenze miliyari ibihumbi 30$