Ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe n’amacakubiri haba mu gisirikare n’imbere mu ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU bitewe n’amakimbirane yatumye isenyuka ry’iyi repubulika ritagira gitangira.

Nubwo repubulika ya mbere yavuyeho ariko, ntibyashyize iherezo ku bibazo byayirindimuye kuko Habyarimana Juvénal akijya ku butegetsi na we yahise afata iyo kwimakaza ingengabitekerezo, iheza n’ivangura, atonesha abo mu majyaruguru.

Urubuga rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rugaragaza ko mu myaka ya 1980 ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana, hahunze abantu bagera ku bihumbi 480 bajya mu bihugu nk’u Burundi, Uganda, Zaire na Tanzania ndetse abageragezaga kugaruka mu gihugu, umukuru w’igihugu akababwira ko igihugu cyuzuye, ko nta mahirwe y’akazi bakibonamo by’umwihariko impunzi z’Abatutsi.

Ibi bibazo bitavugutiwe umuti byatumye igihugu kirushako kuba mu bihe bishaririye abo mu gihugu n’abari baragihunze.

Mu nda y’ingoma ya PARMEHUTU n’ibibazo byayimunze

Mu gitabo cyasohowe na Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu 2016 bigizwemo uruhare na Déo Byanafashe ku bufatanye na Paul Rutayisire bakoze ibijyanye n’ikurikiranwa ry’iyandikwa ryacyo, ishyirwaho rya PARMEHUTU nk’ishyaka ryari rirangaje imbere ubutegetsi mu Rwanda mu myaka ya 1960, ryaranzwe n’ibibazo bya politiki yashyiraga imbere ivangura rishingiye ku moko.

Umuhigo wa PARMEHUTU kwari ugukora ibishoboka byose ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bukikubirwa n’abahutu kandi yabashije kubigeraho kugeza ubwo mu 1966 byagaragaraga ko PARMEHUTU itakiri ishyaka gusa ahubwo yicaga igakiza mu nzego zose z’imitegekere y’igihugu.

Nyuma y’aho ishyaka rya UNAR n’umutwe w’Inyenzi wageragezaga guhangara Kayibanda bicogorejwe, PARMEHUTU yasigaye isa n’aho ntawe ihanganye na we.

Inyenzi zari zaragiye zigaba ibitero kuri PARMEHUTU na Kayibanda mu bihe bitandukanye nk’icyabaye ku wa 21 Ukuboza, 1961 aho zaje ziturutse ahitwa Shengerero mu Bugande nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo Antoine Mugesera yise “The Persecution of Rwandan Tutsi Before the 1990-1994 Genocide.”

Iby’iri shyaka byarasandaye bijya hanze kuko abo muri ryo batari bakibashije kwibamo na cyane ko nta mwanzi wa bugufi bahisha bari bagifite. Amacakubiri y’imbere muri ryo yararitamaje.

Itangizwa ry’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda mu 1959 ni ryo ryashibutsemo UNAR yatangiye ikomeye iniganjemo Abatutsi nubwo muri uwo mwaka bahise batangira guhura n’ibikorwa by’urugomo, abayobozi ba UNAR bakavanwaho bagafungwa, abandi bakicwa, abasigaye bagahunga.

PARMEHUTU yajyaga igerageza kugaragaza ko ifite ubumwe icyo gihe yahise inanirwa kwihishira ruswa yari iyirimo iramenyekana, irondakarere n’imyitwarire idahwitse muri yo bigaragarira bose.

Mu 1964, raporo yasabwe na Perezida Kayibanda ubwe, yagaragaje ishusho y’uruhuri rw’ibibazo by’imiyoborere igihugu cyari gifite kuva ku birego bidafite ishingiro byashyirirwagaho abantu bagafungwa, kwivanga mu bucamanza n’ubutabera kwa leta no kutagira imikoranire hagati y’abayobozi.

Nubwo ibi bibazo byari bigaragaye ko bihari, ntibyaganiriweho cyangwa ngo bikemurwe kuko iyo raporo itigeze igezwa imbere y’inteko ngo ikorweho ibiganiro mpaka.

Irondakarere n’amacakubiri

Ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda na PARMEHUTU ye bwakujije irondakarere bituma abatuye mu gice cy’amajyepfo y’igihugu n’abatuye mu cy’amajyaruguru barebana nk’abanzi ndetse ugasanga nk’abanya-Butare n’ab’i Gitarama ntibavuga rumwe.

Guverinoma yari yiganjemo n’abakomoka i Gitarama ahari ibirindiro n’ingufu za Perezida Kayibanda.

Mu 1972 kwikubira ubutegetsi kw’agatsiko gatro k’abantu kwatumye benshi barushaho kwinuba by’umwihariko abari mu gisirikare cyari cyiganjemo abakomoka mu bice by’amajyaruguru.

Kazarikora yabaye impinduka za nyuma Perezida Kayibanda yakoze muri guverinoma muri Gashyantare 1972 ubwo yafataga abaminisitiri b’i Gitarama batandatu akabashyira muri iyo guverinoma y’abantu 18; bivuze ko bari kimwe cya gatatu.

Ibi byabaye nko gukoza agati mu ntozi ku bari basanzwe babona ko bahejwe bagasigazwa inyuma, ari na byo byaganishije ku irindimuka ry’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda mu mwaka wakurikiyeho.

Iyicwa n’iyirukanwa mu mashuri ry’Abatutsi

Mu 1972, Perezida Kayibanda yatangije ubukangurambaga bwari bugamije kujujubya Abatutsi, kubirukana mu mashuri kuva mu mato kugera mu yisumbuye n’amakuru ndetse kubirukana ahantu hose hahurirwa n’abantu benshi.

Yari gahunda nshya isa n’ije kunganira icyiswe Impinduramatwara ya 1959, yari yarateguje ko igamije kurandura ubwiganze bw’Abatutsi mu mfuruka zose z’igihugu kuva ku mibereho, politiki n’ibindi.

Muri Gashyantare 1973, mu buryo bwateguwe na leta, hatangiye gusohoka intonde ziriho Abatutsi batifuzwaga mu mirimo itandukanye, zikamanikwa ahasanzwe hashyirwa amatangazo; si ugukurwa mu myanya bakoragamo karahava.

Byakomeje gufata indi ntera, imiryango y’abatutsi iratatana, abahanga bo muri bo babashije kwiga bagirwa igipimo leta ikavuga ko ari ngombwa gukemura ikibazo cy’ubusumbane mu baturage by’umwihariko hagati y’abahutu bitirirwaga nyamwinshi n’abatutsi bitirirwaga nyamuke.

Kayibanda n’agatsiko ke ntibifuzaga ko hari uwo mu batutsi utavuga rumwe na we usigara.
Leta yananiwe kuyobora igihugu mu buryo bwiza bituma n’abari inkoramutima za Kayibanda batangira kumwihinduka.

Repubulika ya mbere yarindimukanye na Kayibanda

Mu 1973, ibintu byari bimaze kurenga urugero, mu gisirikare ibintu biradogera by’umwihariko abasirikare b’abofisiye bakomokaga mu majyaruguru bari barijunditse uko leta itonesha ab’i Gitarama baka ari bo bikubira imyanya myinshi yo mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu.

Byaratutumbye kugeza ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973, abasirikare bari barangajwe imbere na Juvénal Habyarimana wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo, akaba n’inshuti ya Perezida Kayibanda, bamuhiritse ku butegetsi bufatwa na Habyarimana kuva ubwo.

Habyarimana yahise afunga Kayibanda n’umugore we, abafungira i Rwerere mu majyaruguru, aho yabavanye ku wa 11 Nzeri akajya kubafungira mu rugo rwabo rwari i Kavumu mu majyepfo ari na ho; amakuru akavuga ko bazize inzara.

Ihirikwa ku butegetsi rya Kayibanda ryabaye agasongero k’amacakubiri yari yaramunze ubutegetsi bwe nubwo n’ubundi ubwa Habyarimana bwamusimbuye bwakomeje ivangura n’itonesha byagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, igahagarikwa n’ingabo za RPA.

Kayibanda na Habyarimana bari inshuti z'akadasohoka mbere y'uko inzira zibyara amahari hagati yabo

Habyarimana nubwo yahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda, na we yakomereje mu murongo wo guheza Abatutsi no gutonesha abo mu muryango we n'abandi biganjemo abakomokaga mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda