Abakiri bato usanga bafite inyota nyinshi yo kwimenya uvuye imuzi ukagera imuzingo. Byose bikagendana n’urugamba rutoroshye ryo gusobanura ibyo benshi basize basobetse, no gusubukurira aho abatubanjirije bagarukirije.

Muri iki gihe, imbuga nkoranyambaga zimaze kuba igikoresho cya benshi kuva ku bifuza kumenyekanisha ibyo bakora, ubucuruzi, icengezamatwara n’ibindi, ku buryo hari n’abazifashisha bagoreka amateka y’u Rwanda ku bw’inyungu zabo bwite cyangwa bakabikora bagamije kuyobya no kubiba amacakubiri.

Mu bisanzwe, ukurikije injyabihe y’amateka y’u Rwanda, usanga yaranyuze mu bihe bitanu. Bityo bikaba bigoye ko wamenya ibyo mu gihe urimo, utabanje kucengera mu byaranze amateka yabanjirije igihe cyawe. Burya tugira amateka ya mbere y’u Rwanda, ihangwa ry’u Rwanda, iyubakwa ry’u Rwanda, isenyuka ry’u Rwanda no kongera kubaho k’u Rwanda.

Ibyo byaduteye kwegeranya bimwe mu bitabo wasoma bikagufasha gusobanukirwa amateka nyakuri y’u Rwanda, mu ihangwa ryarwo kugeza mu gihe cya repubulika n’ibihe byakurikiyeho kugeza mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Imizi y’u Rwanda ( Umutumba wa mbere, 2013)

Iki gitabo cyanditswe n’Umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu, kikaba kimwe mu bibasha gushyikiriza umusomyi ubwiru bw’amateka ya mbere y’uko u Rwanda rubaho. Kinavuga uko rwatuwe n’uko abakurambere bahanzeho ibihugu bigera kuri 29, kikatunyuriramo n’uko abami b’i Gasabo bitimbiye urugamba rutoroshye rwo kubihuza bikaba igihugu kimwe.

Byabaye nyuma y’amasezerano yabereye i Nkotsi na Bikara ( Muri Musanze) yahuje abami bakemeranya guhuza ibyo bihugu bikaba igihugu kimwe cyitwa u Rwanda. Kiva imuzi amateka y’ibigwi n’ibirindiro by’abaharaniye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kandi bakabugeraho.

Ibitaramo ku Mateka y’u rwanda cya Kagiraneza Zephyrin

Iki gitabo cyanditswe na Kagiraneza Zephyrin gisohoka mu 1990. Kivuga u Rwanda guhera ku iremwa ryarwo, kikavuga ku nkiko (imbibi) zarwo muri icyo gihe, uko u Rwanda rwajwemo n’abera, uko rwanyazwe ibihugu byarwo mu buryo bw’amanzaganya kugera ku mibanire yarwo n’amahanga mu bihe bya kera.

Amateka y’u Rwanda: Kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX

Iki gitabo cyasohowe na Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu 2016 bigizwemo uruhare na Déo Byanafashe ku bufatanye na Paul Rutayisire bakoze ibijyanye n’ikurikiranwa ry’iyandikwa ryacyo.

Kiva imuzi iby’umuzo w’Abadage mu Rwanda n’uko bakubiswe inshuro n’Ababiligi, bagahita batangira ibikorwa byo gushwanyaguza u Rwanda no gucamo ibice abarutuye ku buryo Abanyarwanda bahise babona ko amazi atakiri ya yandi.

Kigaruka kandi by’umwihariko ku mateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu ntango z’ikinyejana cya 20 kugeza ku mpera zacyo, aho cyibanda ku mibereho y’Abanyarwanda, politiki, imibanire, iterambere ndetse kikanitsa ku ngaruka zatewe n’ubukoloni n’uko bwabibye amacakubiri yaganishije kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

A Thousand Hills: Rwanda’s Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It cya Stephen Kinzer

Muri iki gitabo, umwanditsi Stephen Kinzer yasohoye mu 2008, akomoza cyane ku rugendo rw’u Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, akavuga ku buyobozi bwa Perezida Kagame bwaranzwe no kugira icyerekezo cyatumye rwongera kuvuga rukiyubaka kugera aho turubona uyu munsi.

Kinzer avuga ku buzima bw’ubuto bwa Kagame, kuva avutse akajyanwa mu buhunzi ku myaka ine gusa, uko yagize ibitekerezo by’impinduramatwara byaganishije ku rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu n’uko yafashe iya mbere mu ihagarikwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Umwanditsi kandi avuga ku rugendo rw’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge ndetse n’iterambere; aho ubashije gusoma iki gitabo yibonera neza inkuru y’impinduka mu bya politiki by’umwihariko mu mateka ya Afurika yo mu myaka ya vuba.

Defeat Is the Only Bad News: Rwanda Under Musinga (1896-1931) cya Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges

Iki gitabo cyanditswe na Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges kigasohoka mu 2011, kigaruka cyane ku ngoma y’Umwami Yuhi V Musinga kikanavuga ku bihe by’ubukoloni kuri iyo ngoma kugeza mu myaka ya mbere y’ikinyejana cya 20.

Des Forges agaragaza ko Umwami Musinga yisanze mu bihe bigoye kuko Ababiligi ari we baje basanga ku ngoma kandi barashakaga gucengeza ibitekerezo byabo by’ubukoloni n’imitegekere mu Banyarwanda. Ni igitabo gisobanura umuzi w’amacakubiri mu Rwanda, yagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Stepp’d in Blood: Akazu and the Architects of the Rwandan Genocide Against the Tutsi cya Andrew Wallis

Muri iki gitabo Andrew Wallis yasohoye mu 2018, yitsa cyane ku mateka yaranze ubutegetsi bwa Juvénal Habyarimana n’Abari bagize ‘Akazu’ bari biganjemo abo mu muryango we, kuva ku mugore we, Agatha Kanziga, baramu be n’abandi bazwiho kuba ku ruhembe rw’itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni igitabo kivuga ku ruhare ruziguye n’urutaziguye rw’abari bahuriye mu Akazu, icengezamatwara bakoze, ibikorwa biteme by’ubucuruzi bakoraga birimo n’icuruzwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro, iry’ibiyobyabwenge birimo na Cocaine, gucuruza abana b’ingagi no kugira uruhare mu rupfu rwa Dian Fossey wazikoragaho ubushakashatsi.

Uretse ibyo, Kinzer muri iki gitabo anavuga uko umuryango mpuzamahanga warebereye hakorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ntugire uruhare na mba mu ihagarikwa ryayo.

Ni igitabo cyagufasha gusobanukirwa neza politiki yaganishije kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, igahitana abatutsi barenga miliyoni.

Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era cya J.J. Carney

Muri iki gitabo, Carney yikije cyane ku kuntu Kiliziya Gatolika yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mitegekere y’u Rwanda, ikivanga muri politiki n’ivanguramoko mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Umwanditsi yacukumbuye uruhare Kiliziya yagize mu mikoranire n’abakoloni n’ishyirwaho ry’amoko n’ibisobanuro yahabwaga n’uko byose byaganishije kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

8. L’État Français et le Génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda cya Raphaël Doridant na François Graner

Ni igitabo kivuga by’umwihariko ku ruhare igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.

Umwanditsi agaragaza ko u Bufaransa bwafashije leta ya Habyarimana mu buryo bwa politiki n’ubwa gisirikare, bigatuma itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside rishoboka.

Avuga ko ibikorwa by’u Bufaransa haba mbere mu gihe cya Jenoside na nyuma y’aho; byose byatumye u Rwanda rwisanga mu bihe by’icuraburindi byarusenye rugahinduka umuyonga. Iki gitabo kandi uretse u Bufaransa, gikomoza ku ruhare rw’ibindi bihugu mu mateka y’u Rwanda n’imyitwarire yabyo mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

9. The Struggle for Liberation: War and Militarism in African History cya John Burton Kegel

Iki gitabo cya John Burton Kegel cyasohotse mu 2025. Avuga u Rwanda aruhereye mu mizi, ibihe byabanjirije ubwigenge, ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana n’ubwa Kayibanda.

Kivuga kandi ku ivuka rya FPR Inkotanyi, RPA n’itangizwa ry’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, kikanava imuzi urugendo rw’u Rwanda rwo kwiyubaka nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

10. Intwari z’Imbanza, zubatse u Rwanda rugahamya igitinyiro ( Umutumba wa mbere, 2018)

Ni kimwe mu bitabo by’imitumba binini bitatura amateka y’u Rwanda, tugikesha inzobere mu muco n’amateka y’u Rwanda, Umusizi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu. Ni igitabo gikubiyemo byinshi mu byaranze amateka y’umushingha wo kubaka u Rwanda ( 1091-2017).

Kiturangira neza imihangirwe y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda, uko kiyubatse kugeza mu gihe cyo gupfa kwarwo ndetse no mu bihe byo kongera kubaho kwarwo. Uko umushinga wo kubaka u Rwanda wateguwe, uko washyizwe mu bikorwa n’aho ugeze uhereza uruharo ab’iyi ngoma.

Ni irangiro ry’abashaka kumenya amateka ya buri mwami watwaye u Rwanda muri 28 barutwaye mu myaka 870 ( 1091-1961) n’ibikorwa bakoze ku ngoma zabo. Gikomereza kandi ku bikorwa byakozwe n’Abaperezida mu bihe ubwami bwimukiraga Repubulika. Ni amateka yanzikira kuri Gihanga Ngomijana agasozereka kuri Kagame Paul wariho ubwo aya mateka yandikwaga.

11. Imibereho y’Abatutsi mu Rwanda 1959-1990 : itotezwa n’iyicwa bihoraho cya Antoine Mugesera

Nk’uko byumvikana mu mutwe wacyo, ni igitabo umwanditsi Antoine Mugesera yasohoye mu 2015, aho yagarutse cyane ku mibereho ishaririye Abatutsi babayemo hagati y’umwaka wa 1959 ubwo batangiraga gutwikirwa kwicwa no kumeneshwa ndetse n’umwaka wa 1990, ubwo abari mu buhungiro bafataga umwanzuro wo gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu kugira ngo abahejejwe ishyanga babashe gutaha.

Antoine Mugesera wanditse iki gitabo, hamwe na Kayitesi Judence, baherutse guhembwa nk’abanditsi bahize abandi mu 2025.

Ibi bitabo hamwe n’ibindi bitandukanye bikomoza ku mateka y’u Rwanda, biboneka hirya no hino mu masomero atandukanye mu gihugu, ahagurishirizwa ibitabo no kuri murandasi.