Nk’uko byagendekeye ibindi bihugu hafi ya byose bya Afurika, impera z’Ikinyejana cya 19 zazaniye u Rwanda ibibazo byakomotse ku bihugu bikomeye by’abanyaburayi byiyemeje gutera Afurika imirwi bikayigabagabana ku buryo bahinduye byinshi birimo n’imipaka, bimwe biragabanywa cyane ibice byabyo byomekwa ku bindi bihugu.

Urubuga rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rugaragaza ko Inama izwi nk’iya Berlin yatangiye ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1884 ari na wo munsi u Rwanda rwizweho rugahabwa u Budage.

Yarangiye ku wa 26 Gashyantare 1885 ibihugu by’i Burayi byisaranganije umugabane wa Afurika biwunyunyuza imitsi kuva ku mutungo kamere wawo, umuco n’izindi ndangagaciro Abanyafurika bagenderagaho bimirwa n’imigirire y’abakoloni.

Iyi nama kandi yasize hashyizweho imipaka mishya y’u Rwanda kandi ntibyaciriye aho kuko mu ntango z’Ikinyejana cya 20 na bwo u Rwanda rwambuwe ubutaka bunini bwomekwa ku bihugu by’abaturanyi.

Inama ya Berlin yayobowe na Otto von Bismarck wari Chancelier w’u Budage aho ingingo nyamukuru zo kwigwaho zari ukugena uburyo bwo gukoloniza ibihugu bitandukanye n’inyigo y’ibikorwa byabyo by’ubucuruzi muri Afurika.

Ibihugu 14 by’i Burayi ni byo byari muri iyo nama ari byo u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi, Portugal, Espagne, u Budage n’u Butaliyani aho intero yari imwe yo kwemeranya ubutaka bwa Afurika buri gihugu muri ibyo kigomba kuba kigenzura.

Iyi nama yemerejwemo iteka ryiswe irya Berlin 1885, ryari rikubiyemo amategeko ibihugu by’i Burayi bikolonije ibya Afurika byagombaga kugenderaho nko guhana amakuru ku butaka bagenzuraga n’imico y’abenegihugu baho.

U Rwanda n’u Burundi byashyizwe mu maboko y’u Budage bwanahawe kugenzura igice cya Tanzania ya none.

Inama ya Berlin ntiyabaye intango y’ubukoloni ku Rwanda gusa, ahubwo yanabaye intango y’impinduka mu by’imibereho ku Banyarwanda, ubukungu bwarwo n’imyubakire ya politiki.

Muri icyo gihe, u Rwanda rwatwarwaga n’Umwami Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, aho ubutware bwe bwahise bushyirirwaho imbibi ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko Abadage bahagera, cyane ko bahise bikubira ibyerekeye ubukungu n’imiyoborere, ibyatumye abakoloni n’ubutegetsi bwari busanzweho batangira kurebana ay’ingwe.

Uko u Budage bwakubiswe inshuro n’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda

U Budage ntibwakolonije u Rwanda imyaka myinshi kuko Intambara y’Isi yatangiye mu 1914 ikageza mu 1918 yahinduye byinshi ku Isi birimo no kuba butarabashije gukomeza kugenga u Rwanda.

Mu 1916 u Budage ntibwari bworohewe mu ntambara bwari buri kurwana mu Burayi, bituma aba ari ho bwerekeza imbaraga zabwo zose ku buryo byatumye aho bwagenzuraga muri Afurika harimo n’u Rwanda, higarurirwa n’u Bubiligi.

Mu gitabo ‘The History of Rwanda’ cyasohowe na Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu 2016 aho iyandikwa ryacyo ryakurikiranywe na Paul Rutayisire afatanyije na Déo Byanafashe, kigaragaza ko ku wa 5 Gicurasi mu 1916, abasirikare ba nyuma b’Abadage bavuye muri Kigali bakwirira imishwaro mu mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda i Save no mu Burundi.

Ku wa 9 Gicurasi 1916, Ababiligi batangiye kugenzura byuzuye Umujyi wa Kigali, bishyira iherezo ku ngoma y’Abadage mu Rwanda.

Kuvanamo akarenge kw’abasirikare b’u Budage byatewe ahanini no gutinya gukomeza kuba hagati y’ingabo z’Abongereza zagenzuraga Uganda n’iz’Ababiligi zagenzuraga u Burundi na Congo.

Ku wa 20 Ukwakira 1924 ni bwo Umuryango w’Abibumbye wari uzwi ku izina rya League of Nations wemeje ko ubutaka bw’u Rwanda n’u Burundi mu cyitwaga Ruanda-Urundi, ari ibice biri mu maboko y’u Bubiligi mu buryo budasubirwaho.

U Bubiligi budatindijemo, ku wa 1 Mutarama 1932, bwahise butangiza gahunda yo gutanga indangamuntu zirimo ubwoko muri gahunda yabwo yo guhembera amacakubiri hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi.

U Bubiligi bwari bwaratangiye guhindura imitegekere y’u Rwanda kuva mu 1917, aho bwari bwaranashyizeho ibihano bikarishye ku batarakurikizaga umurongo bwashyizeho haba mu nzego zitandukanye nk’urw’umurimo n’izindi.

Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU ryimakazaga ivanguramoko, ryashinzwe mu gihe u Bubiligi bwakolonizaga u Rwanda ndetse ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 1959 Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa mu buryo bwateguwe bigizwemo uruhare na Colonel Guy Logiest wari rezida w’u Rwanda akaba ukuboko kw’iburyo kwa PARMEHUTU ku buryo hagati ya 1959 hari hamaze kwicwa Abatutsi benshi kandi ababikoze ntibabiryozwe aho nko muri Werurwe 1962 honyine hishwe abatutsi 2.000 muri Perefegitura ya Byumba.

U Bubiligi bwatanze icyiswe ubwigenge ku Rwanda ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962 nyuma y’uko bubonye bumaze gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwa PARMEHUTU bwari bwiteguye gukorera mu murongo abakoloni bifuzaga.

Imibare y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye igaragaza ko mu mperza za 1963, hateguwe ubwicanyi simusiga ku batutsi bwari bushyigikiwe n’u Bubiligi ku buryo hishwe abagera ku bihumbi 20 ndetse abandi bagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’Abatutsi hagati ya 1960 na 1970 bari baratataniye mu buhungiro mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda.

Icyo gihe abadipolomate bamwe, abamisiyoneri bamwe n’abakozi b’imiryango mpuzamahanga kimwe n’itangazamakuru ryo mu bihugu nk’u Bufaransa, u Bubiligi, u Bwongereza n’u Butaliyani ryavuze ko ubwo bwicanyi ntaho butaniye na jenoside.

Kuza kw’abakoloni mu Rwanda byaruzaniye akaga gakomeye kugeza ubwo amacakubiri babibye yaganishije kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, igahagarikwa n’ingabo za RPA zari zishingiye ku muryango wa FPR-Inkotanyi waharaniye ko u Rwanda rwongera kunga ubumwe nk’uko byahoze mbere ya Conférence de Berlin yabaye imbarutso yo gusenyuka kwarwo.

Conférence de Berlin yasize ibihugu bikomeye i Burayi byigabagabanyije ibya Afurika

Ababiligi bimakaje ivangura kugeza ubwo guhera mu 1932 hatangiye gutangwa indangamuntu zirimo ubwoko

Mu 1924 League of Nations yemeje ko u Bubiligi ari bwo bugenga u Rwanda nyuma y'uko bukomesheje u Budage