Mu myaka yatambutse, hakunze kubaho udutsiko tw’abasirikare twagiye dukuraho abaperezida, bamwe tukabica, abatishwe bagafungwa, abadafunzwe bakameneshwa mu bihugu byabo, bakajya mu buhungiro kure.
Imibare yakusanyijwe na Clayton Thyne na Jonathan Powell igaragaza ko kuva mu 1950 kugeza mu 2010 hageragejwe Coups d’état 457, muri zo 227 (49.7%) zatanze umusaruro, 230 (50.3%) zirapfuba.
Inyinshi muri zo zakorewe ku mugabane wa Afurika (36.5%) na Amerika 31.9%. Muri Aziya izahageragejwe zigera kuri 13.1% naho mu Burengerazuba bwo hagati zingana na 15.8% mu gihe u Burayi ariwo mugabane umaze kugeragerezwaho Coups d’état nke, izingana na 2.6%.
Coups d’état zikorwa mu buryo butandukanye ndetse hari aho umusirikare umwe yahirikaga ubutegetsi inshuro zirenze imwe. Uyu ni umuhigo ufitwe na Major Pierre Buyoya wafashe ubutegetsi inshuro ebyiri mu Burundi. Bwa mbere hari ku itariki ya 9 Nzeli 1987 ubwo Buyoya yahirikaga Colonel Jean Baptiste Bagaza, ayobora u Burundi kugeza mu 1993, akurwaho n’ishyaka FRODEBU n’umukandida waryo Merchiore Ndadaye bari batsinze amatora.
Nyuma y’amezi make Ndadaye atsinze amatora, yishwe n’agatsiko k’abasirikare kamusimbuza Slyvestre Ntibantunganya, na we waje gukurwaho nanone na Pierre Buyoya kuwa 25 Nyakanga 1996, ayobora kugeza kuwa 30 Mata 2003.
Ku ya 9 Mata 1999, Général Ibrahim Baré Mainassara yarasiwe ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Niamey, mu gihe yageragezaga kurira kajugujugu ngo ahunge umurwa mukuru, aho yiciwe hamwe n’abamurinda batari bake, nyuma yo kuvumbura ko bari bakereye kumukura ku butegetsi.
Nyuma yasimbuwe na Komanda Daouda Mallam Wanké, wahise akoresha kamarampaka ku itegeko nshinga ryo guhererekanya ubutegetsi, iri tegeko ryanateganyaga imbabazi rusange ku bagize uruhare mu ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bose.
Undi mu Perezida wayoboye igihugu kabiri nyuma akaza kwicwa muri Coup d’état ni Joao Bernardo Nino Vieira, wabaye umukuru w’igihugu wa Guinea Bissau hagati ya 1980 na 1984, nyuma y’aho mu 2005, aza kubwisubiza ariko binyuze mu matora.
Vieira wari umaze kuba ubukombe ku ntebe y’ubutegetsi ariko ntiyaje guhirwa, kuko kuwa 2 Werurwe 2009, yishwe arashwe nyuma yo gukubitwa bikomeye inkoni zitabarika, abasirikare bakaza kumunogonoza amasasu.
Umunyamakuru Mike Pflanz w’Ikinyamakuru “The Independent” cyandikirwa mu Bwongereza, muri nimero yacyo yo ku wa 3 Werurwe 2009, yaganiriye n’umuganga wakoze isuzuma ry’umurambo wa Vieira wemeje yishwe arashwe nyuma yo gukubitwa inkoni z’urufaya.
Mu Mujyi wa Abidjan muri Côte d’Ivoire ku wa 24 Ukuboza 1999, Général Robert Gueï yahiritse ku butegetsi Henri Konan Bédié. General Guei na we yishwe mu 2002, mu buryo kugeza n’ubu butarasobanuka.
Ku ya 9 Mata 1999, Général Ibrahim Baré Mainassara yarasiwe ku kibuga cy’indege cya Niamey, mu gihe yageragezaga kurira kajugujugu ashaka guhunga ngo ave mu murwa mukuru.
Ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi, hari aho ryabaga rimeze nk’ amarushanwa yateguwe
Mu 2003, ba Perezida batatu, Ange Félix Patassé muri Centrafrique yahiritswe na Général François Bozizé, ku wa 16 Nyakanga; muri uwo mwaka kandi muri Sao Tomé et Principe, Perezida Fradique de Meneze ubwo yari mu ruzinduko rw’akazi hanze, Fernando Pereira yagerageje kumukuraho ariko yisubiza ubutegetsi mu cyumweru kimwe.
Ku wa 14 Nzeri 2003, itsinda ry’abasirikare bayobowe n’uwitwa Verissimo Correira Seabra muri Guinea Bissau ryahiritse Perezida Kumba Ialá.
Nko kuwa 3 Kanama 2005, agatsiko k’abasirikare kayobowe na Colonel Maaouyia Ould Taya kahiritse ubutegetsi muri Mauritanie, nyuma gato haba amatora, uwayatsinze Sidi Ould Cheikh ku wa 6 Kanama 2008 na we ahirikwa ku butegetsi na Mohamed Ouild Abdel Aziz.
Muri uwo mwaka wa 2005, ku itariki 23 Ukuboza, uwitwa Moussa Dadis Camara yigaruriye ubutegetsi muri Guinea Conakry, hari nyuma gato y’urupfu rw’uwari Perezida Lansana Conté.
Mu 2009, nibwo Marc Ravalomanana muri Madagascar yakuwe ku butegetsi, asimburwa na Andry Rajoelina.
Muri Niger kuwa 18 Gashyantare 2010, igisirikare cyateguye ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi maze ingabo zishyiraho Mamadou Tandja.
Irindi hirikwa ry’ubutegetsi ryabaye muri Afurika:
Mali: Capitaine Amadou Sanogo yahiritse Amadou Toumani Touré, hari ku wa 22 Werurwe 2012.
Guinea Bissau: General Antonio Indjaï yahiritse uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe, Carlos Gomez Junior, hari ku wa 24 Mata 2012.
Misiri: Kuwa 3 Nyakanga 2013, igisirikare cya Misiri kiyobowe na Maréchal Abdel Fattah al-Sissi cyahiritse Mohamed Morsi, wari umaze igihe gito atowe n’abaturage.
Mu 2015, Perezida Nkurunziza Pierre yahiritswe ku butegetsi na Général Godefroid Niyombare, ariko ingabo z’igihugu mu Burundi ziburizamo uwo mugambi.
Kuwa 20 Ugushyingo 2017, nibwo igisirikare cya Zimbabwe cyahiritse Robert Mugabe, gusa iyi Coup d’état yakoranywe amayeri ahambaye, kuko Mugabe ubwe yategeswe kwegura, ubutegetsi buhabwa uwari Visi Perezida we bari bamaze iminsi barebana ay’ingwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa, ari na we uyoboye igihugu.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO