Ku wa 25 Gicurasi 1963 i Addis Ababa muri Ethiopia, wari umunsi udasanzwe ubwo ibihugu 32 byari bimaze kubona ubwigenge byemeranyijwe gushyiraho Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika, OAU (Organization of African Unity).
Ntibyatinze kuko ibindi bihugu bya Afurika 21 na byo byinjira muri uwo muryango, bimara igihe kinini ari 53.
Ubwo OUA yashingwaga, zimwe mu ntego nyamukuru zari ugukura umugabane mu bukoloni n’ivanguraruhu, Aparteid, guharanira ubwirinzi n’ubwigenge bw’ibihugu, guteza imbere ubumwe n’ubufatanye, guhuza ibikorwa n’imbaraga hagamijwe kugera ku buzima n’imibereho myiza by’Abanyafurika.
Ibi byagombaga kugendana no gusangira zimwe muri gahunda nk’ubukungu, uburezi, umuco, ubuzima, ubumenyi, guteza imbere ubufatanye n’amahanga n’ibindi.
Wari ugizwe n’Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma, Inama y’Abaminisitiri n’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, na Komisiyo y’Ubuhuza, Komisiyo y’Ubukungu n’Imibereho, Komisiyo y’Uburezi, Ubumenyi, Umuco n’Ubuzima, ndetse na Komisiyo y’Ubwirinzi.
OAU ntiyarambye...
Nyuma y’inama zigera kuri enye zigaga ku guhindura OAU, Kuwa 26 Gicurasi 2001 mu nama yabereye i Addis Ababa, hemejwe ko OAU igomba kuvaho. Muri Nyakanga umwaka wa 2002 muri Afurika y’Epfo, icyo cyemezo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa uhinduka Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika, AU.
Kimwe mu bintu bimaze guhinduka muri uyu muryango ni uko wibarutse undi munyamuryango wa 54, ariyo SudanI y’Epfo, yemewe nk’umunyamuryango kuwa 27 Nyakanga 2011.
AU igizwe na Repubulika 52 n’ubwami bubiri, ubwa Swaziland na Lesotho. Ibi bihugu byiyongeraho ibindi birindwi biri muri uyu muryango nk’indorerezi (Observers) ibyo ni; Haiti, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Serbia,TurIkiya na Ukraine.
Kuva AU yashingwa, igihugu cya Israel cyahise gitakaza umwanya w’indorerezi muri uyu muryango kubera ubwumvikane buke na Muammar Gaddafi. Mu 2013 abaturage bayo babarirwaga muri 1,068,444,000.
OAU yahindutse AU hagamijwe guhangana n’imbogamizi zinyuranye n’impinduka zari zigezweho ku Isi. Yahawe intego zirimo gukomeza kubakira ku byakozwe na OAU by’umwihariko kwihutisha kwishyira hamwe kw’ibihugu bya Afurika.
Hari kandi kongerera imbaraga ibihugu by’Afurika mu ruhando rw’ubukungu ku Isi, hakemurwa ibibazo bigaragara mu mibereho y’abaturage nk’ubukene, ubusumbane, intambara n’ibindi.
Kuva yajyaho, AU imaze kuyoborwa n’abaperezida 14, ku ikubitiro yayobowe na Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, Thabo Mbeki, ubu ikaba iyobowe na Idriss Deby wa Tchad.
Ibyemezo byinshi uyu muryango ubifatira mu nama y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma ziwugize iba kabiri mu mwaka, iya 27 irabera mu mujyi wa Kigali.
Uko AU iyobowe
Ibyiciro by’imiyoborere by’ingenzi bya AU bigizwe n’inama nkuru y’umuryango, inama y’ubutegetsi, inteko Nyafurika, urukiko rw’Afurika, Komisiyo ya AU na Komite ihoraho n’akanama k’umutekano.
Aka kanama kagizwe n’ibihugu 15, muri byo bitanu bitorerwa manda y’imyaka itatu ibindi icumi bigatorerwa iy’imyaka ibiri. Iyo manda irangiye birashoboka ko igihugu cyasubiramo.
Imirimo myinshi ya AU ikorwa na Komisiyo y’uyu muryango igizwe n’abakomiseri batandukanye bashinzwe kwiga ku ngeri zose zigamije guhindura Afurika umugabane w’akataraboneka. Aba bafite icyicaro muri Ethiopia.
Buri gihugu kikaba kigira abakomiseri bahoraho bagihagarariye muri AU.
Komisiyo ya AU iyobowe na Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma wasimbuye Jean Ping muri 2012, igizwe n’ibiro bitandukanye birimo ibishinzwe amahoro n’umutekano, politiki, ibikorwa remezo n’ingufu, imibereho myiza, abakozi, siyansi na tekinologi, ubucuruzi n’inganda n’ibindi.
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo igihugu kiyobora uyu muryango, buri mwaka habaho guhinduranwa ku ntebe y’ubuyobozi hagendewe ku byerekezo bitanu bya Afurika; Amajyepfo, Amajyaruguru, Iburasirazuba, Iburengerazuba no hagati.
Udushya mu miyoborere ya AU
Uyu muryango wabayemo udushya mu gihe cyo guhererekanya ubuyobozi bwawo, muri Mutarama 2007, inteko itora yemeje ko Perezida wa Ghana, John Kufuor, ayobora yanga gutora Omar Al Bashir kubera imvururu zo mu ntara ya Darfur.
Icyo gihe Tchad yari yavuze ko Bashir nayobora, AU, ihita yivana muri uwo muryango. Bamwe bemezaga ko Tanzania iariyo yagomgaba kuyobora ariko Ghana bayitoranyije kuko yizihizaga imyaka 50 y’ubwigenge.
Muri 2010 Muammar Gaddafi yifuje kwiyongera manda y’umwaka umwe kuri manda ye kugirango ashyireho Leta zunze ubumwe za Afurika ariko aterwa utwatsi. Yitwazaga ko Libya yari umuterankunga ukaze wa AU.
Amatora yo muri Mutarama 2011 yatoye Perezida wa Guinnée Equatorial, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, ntiyavuzweho rumwe n’impirimbanyi z’uburenganzira bwa muntu zavugaga ko AU idashyigikiye demokarasi.
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, ni Perezida kuva mu 1979, bamushinja kugundira ubutegetsi.
Abaperezida bayoboye AU kuva yabaho, Thabo Mbeki wa Afurika y’Epfo, Joachim Chissano, Olesugun Obasanjo, Denis Sassou Nguesso, John Kufuor, Jakaya Kikwete, Muammar Gaddafi, Bingu wa Mutharika, Theodor Obiang Nguema, Yayi Boni, Hailemariam Desalegn, Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Robert Mugabe na Idriss Déby, uyiyoboye ubungubu.
Maroc ntikozwa ibya AU
Ibihugu bya Afurika byemewe n’Umuryango w’abibumbye biri muri AU keretse Morocco yawivanyemo mu 1984 nyamara ari kimwe mu bihugu byashyigikiye igitekerezo cyo gushinga uyu muryango.
Mu 1976 Morocco yafashe ku ngufu agace ka Sahara y’Iburengerazuba (Polisario) kafatwaga nk’igisigara cya Afurika. Icyakora, mu 1984 OUA yaje kwemera ko aka gace kaba umunyamuryango nk’igihugu ukwacyo. Ibi byarakaje Morocco ihita iva muri AU kugeza magingo aya.
AU ihugiye kuki muri iki gihe?
Muri iki gihe ntiwavuga AU ngo usige gahunda y’icyerekezo 2063 nk’igitekerezo cy’Abanyafurika cyo kwiteza imbere ubwabo batarindiriye gusabiriza no gutegereza inkunga zo kwiteza imbere. Yemejwe mu nama ya 24 ya AU y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma yabereye i Addis Ababa, Ethiopia mu 2015.
Icyerekezo 2063 gishyize imbere kubaka ubushobozi mu baturage by’umwihariko urubyiruko n’abagore, gukora ubuhinzi bujyanye n’igihe kandi bugamije ubucuruzi, guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, demokarasi n’imiyoborere igamije iterambere, guharanira amahoro, kwishyira hamwe kw’ibihugu no koroshya ubuhahirane.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO