Mu ifatwa ry’uyu mujyi ntihabayeho imirwano ikaze, ahubwo ubwo M23 yamaraga gufata uduce dukikije uyu mujyi, ingabo z’u Burundi n’iza RDC zari ziwurimo, zabangiye amaguru ingata zirahunga, M23 iwinjiramo mu buryo bworoshye.

Kuba nyuma y’umwaka bivugwa, M23 ihisemo gufata Uvira, ni ikimenyetso cyo gusubiza ku bitero by’ubutaruhuka, by’umwihariko iby’indege na drones, ihuriro ry’ingabo za RDC ritarorereye kugaba ku baturage ba Kivu y’Amajyepfo, by’umwihariko Abanyamulenge.

Uvira ifite ubuso bungana na kilometerokare 207 kandi hakaba habarurwa abaturage bagera kuri 726.000 ukurikije imibare yo mu 2024. Ifite ubukungu bushingiye ku bucuruzi, ubworozi bw’amafi, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bw’andi matungo magufi n’amaremare.

Ikarita igaragaza aho Uvira iherereye uhereranyije n'ibihugu bituranyi bya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo

Umujyi wa Uvira uri mu ntera ya kilometero 25 uvuye i Bujumbura. Ni wo waturukagamo ibicuruzwa biva mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo bijya i Bujumbura cyane cyane ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ndetse n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amavuta n’isukari byahanyuzwaga mu buryo bwa magendu kuko bikomeje kuba iyanga mu Burundi.

Uvira ni nk’igicumbi cy’ubucuruzi muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, cyane ko ikora ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, imwe mu nzira z’amazi zikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bukomeye nyambukiranyamipaka kuri uyu mugabane.

Mu buryo bw’ubukungu, ifatwa rya Uvira ni intambwe ikomeye kuri uyu mutwe bitewe n’aho uyu mujyi uherereye hafi y’Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika. Binyuze kuri icyo kiyaga, izabasha kugera byoroshye ku cyambu cya Kigoma muri Tanzania n’icya Mpulungu muri Zambia. Ibi bikaba bishobora gutanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari kuri AFC/M23.

Inyungu zo gufata Umujyi wa Uvira zirenze kuba bizafasha abaturage kugira umutekano, cyane ko ari yo ntego AFC/M23 ivuga ko ifite ubwo yatangiraga urugamba rwo kuwigarurira, ahubwo bizanafasha mu kuzamura ubukungu bwabo binyuze mu buhahirane mpuzamahanga, ndetse binafashe uyu mutwe kwiyongerera ubushobozi ubwawo.

Uvira ifatwa nk’inzira ikomeye inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa hagati ya RDC n’ibihugu bituranyi byo mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba. Abacuruzi binjiza ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi bitandukanye biciye ku cyambu cya Kigoma muri Tanzania, mu gihe ibikomoka ku buhinzi biva muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo na byo binyura muri iyo nzira bijya mu mahanga.

Kuba Uvira, by'umwihariko icyambu cya Kalundu gikora kuri Tanganyika bituma ari amahirwe akomeye kuri M23 yigaruriye uyu mujyi mu bijyanye n'ubuhahirane n'ibihugu byo mu Karere

Impuguke mu bukungu zivuga ko imiterere y’iki cyambu ituma Uvira iba umwe mu mijyi iteye imbere mu bukungu muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, kikaba kimwe mu bitera impungenge leta ya RDC nyuma y’uko uyu mujyi wigaruriwe n’umutwe wa M23.

RDC ifite ibyambu bibiri by’ingenzi, Kalemie na Kalundu. Icyambu cya Kalundu giherereye mu Majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba y’Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika, kikaba mu bilometero 4,5 uvuye mu mujyi wa Uvira rwagati. Gituranyi n’icyambu cya Bujumbura kuko kugerayo unyuze iy’amazi ari 25 km, mu gihe unyuze iy’ubutaka ari 35 km.

Icyambu cya Kalundu cyubatswe mu myaka ya za 1950, cyubatswe ku butaka bufite ubugari bwa metero 60 n’uburebure bwa metero 300, kikiba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira toni zirenga 120.000 ku mwaka nk’uko bigaragara mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Netherlands Enterprise Agency mu 2023.

Ibicuruzwa by’ibanze binyuzwa kuri iki cyambu birimo sima, ifu y’ingano, umuceri n’isukari.

Uvira iherereye mu majyaruguru y'Iburengerazuba y'Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika gikorwaho n'ibihugu birimo u Burundi, Tanzania na Zambia

Icyambu cya Kalundu ni ingenzi mu bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bitewe n’aho giherereye no kuba byoroshye kugera mu bindi bice ukivuyeho ukoresheje iy’ubutaka. Kigemurira cyane Uvira, ariko kinanyurwaho n’ibishobora kujya mu bindi bice nka Bukavu, Goma, u Burundi ndetse n’u Rwanda. Ugereranyije n’ibindi byambu mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, Kalundu ifite imihanda ipfa kuba myiza ijya Bukavu, ndetse n’i Burundi cyangwa mu Rwanda.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, bivugwa ko n’ubundi uwo muhanda uhuza icyo cyambu n’ibindi bice birimo Uvira, wangiritse cyane, ndetse ko ushobora kuba watengukira mu kiyaga isaha n’isaha.

Mbere y’uko AFC/M23 yigarurira aka gace, raporo zagaragazaga ko uwo muhanda uretse kuba utameze neza, utari unatekanye bitewe n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye.

Bitwara amasaha umunani kugera ku icumi kugira ngo umuntu ave ku cyambu cya Kalundu agere i Bukavu. Ni urugendo rw’ibilometero birenga 130.

Kalundu ifite imyaro ibiri ifite uburebure bwa metero 311, ifite imashini imwe itwara imizigo ndetse n’ububiko butatu bwo kubikamo ibicuruzwa byinjira n’ibisohoka. Ububiko bubiri muri ubwo bufite ubuso bwa meterokare 1500 buri bumwe, naho ubundi bufite meterokare 1000.

Ni icyambu gishobora kwakira no gupakururirwaho ubwato bugera ku munani, buri bumwe bufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara toni hagati ya 500 na 1000 icyarimwe. Ariko kubera ikama rya hato na hato ry’imigezi ya Ruzizi na Kamongola ibangikanye n’icyambu, ubu mu buryo bw’imikorere isanzwe, ibyambu cyakira ibifite uburemere bwa toni zisaga 500 gusa.

Abasesengura bagaragaza ko ukurikije uburyo AFC/M23 yashyize ku murongo ibindi bice imaze igihe yarigaruriye birimo Umujyi wa Goma na Bukavu n’uburyo imigenderanire hagati y’ibyo bice n’ibyo mu Rwanda bituranye yongeye gutanga umusaruro, bavuga ko Umujyi wa Uvira ushobora gutanga umusaruro ukomeye mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’abaturage baho ndetse no kuzahura imigenderanire n’akarere.

Alain Destexhe wabaye Senateri mu Bubiligi n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’umuryango w’abaganga batagira umupaka: MSF (Médecins sans frontières), yagaragaje ko gufata Uvira byagaragaye nk’igihombo ku butegetsi bwa Félix Tshisekedi, ariko ko igicumbi gikomeye cy’ubukungu gikomeje kuba muri Katanga, avuga ko mu gihe ikiri mu maboko y’umuherwe Moïse Katumbi, “biragoye ko ubwo butegetsi bwagwa. Lubumbashi iracyari muri kilometero 1000 uvuye Uvira uciye Kalemie.”

Yakomeje ati “Reka twibuke ko imirwano ikomeje guterwa ahanini n’impamvu z’umutekano, bashorewe no kuza gufasha abaturage bagabweho ibitero by’indege, bishwe cyangwa batotezwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa, bwagombye kubarengera.”

Yanavuze ku bihugu bimwe byasohoye itangazo byamagana iyo mirwano, avuga ko “byari kuba byiza gusohora amatangazo yamagana icyo gikorwa, ariko mbere byari bikenewe kubanza kwamagana no guhagarika urugomo rwakomeje gukorerwa abaturage mu gihe cy’amezi menshi ashize.”

Umujyi wa Uvira uri mu maboko ya AFC/M23

Alain Destexhe yagaragaje ko gufata Uvira byagaragaye nk’igihombo ku butegetsi bwa Félix Tshisekedi kuko yari inzira yoroshye ku buhahirane n'ibindi bihugu by'umwihariko ibikora kuri Tanganyika

Uvira iri muri kilometero 25 uvuye i Bujumbura