Muri iyi myaka yose uhereye mu 1978 ubwo hakorwaga irindi barura, kimwe mu bintu bizamuka ni igipimo cy’abantu batarashaka. Ufashe hagati y’imyaka 15 kuzamura, bavuye kuri 38% mu 1978 bagera kuri 45% mu 2002, baba 44% mu 2012 na 42,7% mu 2022.

Ibyo bifite impamvu nyinshi, zirimo zimwe ziza kugarukwaho hasi aha.

Muri ibyo bihe kandi niko n’imibare ya za gatanya yagiye ihindagurika, abapfakara ndetse n’abongera kwishumbusha mu gihe batandukanye n’abo bashakanye, cyangwa bitabye Imana.

1. Hafi 50% by’abantu bakuru barashyingiwe

Ubwo ibarura ryakorwaga, nibura hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abaturage bafite hejuru y’imyaka 12, ni ukuvuga 49,2%, bari barashyingiwe. Ijanisha ry’abaturage batashyingiwe ryari 44,4%.

Abashyingiwe babana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko nk’umugore umwe n’umugabo umwe bangana na 31,2%; ababana mu buryo butemewe ariko ari umugore umwe n’umugabo umwe ari 16,9%, mu gihe ababana mu buharike ari 1,1%.

Mu mibare, abantu babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore umwe mu buryo bwemewe bari 2.879.710, mu gihe mu buryo butemewe bari 1.557.783.

2. Abakobwa bashaka mbere y’abasore

Imibare y’ubushakashatsi bwa gatanu yerekana ko abakobwa bashaka mbere y’abasore. Urugero nko mu bafite imyaka hagati ya 20 na 24, umukobwa umwe muri batatu (35,0%) aba yarashatse, mu gihe mu basore, ari umwe muri batandatu (15,5%).

Icyakora, uko imyaka ishira impuzandengo y’imyaka abantu bashaka bagezeho yagiye izamuka, bitandukanye n’uko mbere bashakaga bakiri bato cyane.

Nko mu bushakashatsi bwo mu 1978, byagaragaye ko umusore ashaka ageze ku myaka nibura 25, ubu ni 28.2, mu gihe umukobwa yashakiraga kuri 21, ubu ni 25,3.

Ibi kandi binagendana n’ubuzima bwo mu mujyi no mu byaro. Uyu munsi umusore wo mu mujyi arongora nibura ku myaka 29,7, uwo mu cyaro ikaba 27.1. Mu bakobwa, uwo mu mujyi ashyingirwa nibura ku myaka 26,0, naho uwo mu cyaro ni 24,8.

Ibi kandi bijyana n’amashuri. Abantu bize amashuri make usanga bashaka mbere kurusha abize bakaminuza.

3. Ubuharike buracyahari

Nubwo uyu mugenzo utemewe mu itegeko riganga abantu n’umuryango mu Rwanda, ubuharike buracyahari.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko 1,4% by’abagabo bafite hejuru y’imyaka 20 bashatse, bafite abagore benshi, mu gihe abagore babayeho mu buharike ari 2,8.

Mu mibare, ni ukuvuga ko ubuharike bwari mu bantu 98.144, barimo abagabo baharitse 31.453, n’abagore 66.691 baharitswe. Icyakora bwagiye bugabanyuka, kuko bwavuye ku bagabo 12% mu 1978, nubwo icyo gihe hafatirwaga ku myaka 15 kuzamura.

Ubuharike bwiganje cyane mu byaro (2,5%) kurusha mu mijyi (1,4%), nanone bukiganza mu bantu bakuze kurusha abato.

Ubuharike kandi bugenda bumanuka bitewe n’icyiciro cy’amashuri, kuko buri ku bagabo 2,4% n’abagore 5,1% batize, mu gihe mu bize kaminuza, ari abagabo 0,2% n’abagore 0,3%.

Iyo urebye ku myemerere ishingiye ku madini, abantu batagira idini cyangwa abemera gakondo (3,8%) hamwe n’abayisilamu (2,6%), ni bo baza imbere.

Ubuharike buri hasi cyane mu bakirisitu (munsi ya 2,0%) by’Umwihariko Abahamya ba Yehova n’abo muri ADEPR (1,0%).

4. Imibare y’ababana bitemewe iri hejuru

Ku ijanisha ryo ku rwego rw’igihugu, 34,3% by’abantu babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, ntabwo bashyingiwe hakurikijwe amategeko. Ubwo haba habazwe abantu bose bafite hejuru y’imyaka 12.
Iyo habazwe abantu bose bafite hejuru y’imyaka 20, ijanisha riba 33,9%.

Bitandukanye n’uko bimeze ku buharike, mu mijyi usanga ariho abantu babana cyane batarasezeranye kuko ari 39,0%, mu gihe mu byaro ari 32,6%.

Byiganje kandi mu bantu bakiri bato, kuko nko hagati y’imyaka 20-24 abagabo 86,2% n’abagore 78,4% bshyingiwe, babana mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.

Nyamara urebye nko mu bashyingiwe bafite hejuru y’imyaka 85 kuzamura, abagabo ni 12,8% naho abagore ni 11,5%. Nanone urebye ku myemerere, abatagira idini babana bitemewe nibo benshi na 61,5%, naho mu bayisilamu ni 57,4%.

Iyo mibare kandi iri hejuru mu bafite amashuri make (50,7%) kurusha mu bageze muri kaminuza.

5. Abasore batinye gushaka?

Imibare y’ibarura igaragaza ko abantu batigeze bashaka biganjemo abagabo (48,8%) kurusha abagore (40,4%). Icyo kinyuranyo gihuzwa na ya ngingo y’uko abasore bashaka ku myaka yigiye hejuru kurusha abakobwa, ndetse uyu munsi umubare w’urubyiruko uruta uw’abakuze.

Mu bushakashatsi, abantu batarashaka bose bari 4.102.857, barimo abagabo 2.156.030 n’abagore 1.946.827.

6. Abatarashaka n’amashuri bize

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko mu cyiciro cy’abantu batarashaka, imibare iri hejuru mu bize kurusha abatarize. Bishobora guhuzwa n’uko baba bahugiye mu gushaka ubuzima cyangwa babona hari ibitarasobanuka.

Iyo urebye muri babantu batarashaka, usanga mu bagabo umubare w’abatarashaka uri kuri 23,2% mu batarize, bivuze ko abenshi mu batarize bashatse.

Imibare ariko mu batarashaka izamuka mu bize, kuko nko ku bize nibura ikiburamwaka bari 48,2%, abarangije amashuri abanza bakaba 47,9%, abarangije amashuri yisumbuye bakaba 61,5% na 47,1% mu bize kaminuza.

Naho mu bagore, nk’uko ibyo byiciro bikurikirana, abatarashaka ni 12,3%; 35,8%; 40,7%; 55,2% na 39,4%.

Nyamara mu bantu bashatse, bo usanga imibare iri hejuru cyane mu bantu batize, aho mu bagabo ari 71,6% na 58,6% mu bagore.

Mu bize nibura amashuri yisumbuye, imibare ihita imanuka ikaba 27,5% mu bagabo na 31,6% mu bagore.

7. Abapfakazi b’abagore baruta abagabo

Imibare y’abantu bigeze gushaka byagaragaye ko ari 6,5%, barimo 4,6% bapfakaye, 1,7% batakibana ku mpamvu zinyuranye, naho 0,2% bahawe gatanya.

Icyo cyiciro cyoganjemo abagore (10,7%) kurusha abagabo (1,9%). Iyi mibare izamurwa cyane n’ingingo yo gupfakara, aho abagore ari (8,0%) n’abagabo (0,9%).

Uyu mwihariko mu bagore usobanurwa n’uko byagaragaye ko abagabo bagira ibyago byinshi byo gupfa kurusha abagore, bikanahuzwa n’uko muri rusange iyo abantu bashakanye, akenshi umugabo aba akuze kurusha umugore ku buryo aba afite ibyago byo gupfa mbere.

Ibyo bikongera ibyago byo gupfakara ku bagore bakiri bato.

8. Abagabo ntibihanganira gupfakara

Indi mpamvu yagaragaye, ni uko nk’iyo habayeho ibyago umugabo agapfusha umugore, amahirwe menshi ni uko aba azarongora undi, mu gihe umugore ashobora kuguma uko niba afite nk’abana.
Muri rusange, abapfakazi bari 425,204, barimo abagabo 40,553 n’abagore 384,651.

By’umwihariko, urebye nko mu bantu bapfakaye bafite imyaka hagati ya 40 na 44, abagore ni bo benshi kuko bari 5%, mu gihe abagabo ari 0,5% gusa kuko benshi bongera gushaka.

Naho hagati y’imyaka 80 na 84, abagore 65% ni abapfakazi, mu gihe abagabo ari 16,8%.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ubupfakazi bwiganje mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo (9,4%), bukaba hasi cyane mu Mujyi wa Kigali (4,2%).

9. Gatanya

Mu bushakashatsi, hagaragaye abantu 18,600 batandukanye n’abo bashakanye, barimo abagabo 5,307 n’abagore 13,293. Iyo bigeze ku batabana n’abo bashakanye kubera impamvu zinyuranye ariko bataratandukana, bari 154,391, barimo abagabo 39,889 n’abagore 114,502.

Iyi mibare byagaragaye ko yari hejuru cyane mu bantu batize, aho mu bagabo bari 2,0% naho abagore bakaba 3,6%.

Gutandukana no kuba abantu batabana ku mpamvu zinyuranye byiganje mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba (2,6%). Ku rwego rw’igihugu byiganje mu bagore (2,7%) kurusha abagabo (1,0%).

10. Urushako n’amadini

Imibare yerekanye ko mu Rwanda, abakirisitu bari imbere y’andi madini, baragajwe imbere na Kiliziya Gatolika ifite 40% by’abaturage bose, hagakurikiraho ADEPR (21%), Abaporoso (15%) n’Abadive (12%). Abayisilamu bo babarirwa kuri 2% by’abaturage.

Nk’uko twabibonye haruguru, 44,4% by’abantu bafite imyaka 12 kuzamura ntabwo bigeze bashaka.

Urebye amadini babarizwamo, muri Kiliziya Gatolika ni 44,1%, 44,5% muri ADEPR, 42,5% mu Baporoso na 42,8% mu bahamya ba Jehovah.

Nyamara urebye ku bashatse, imibare iri hejuru mu bagabo bafite imyemerere gakondo (52,4%) no mu Bahamya ba Jehovah (52,3%), bakaba hasi mu batagira idini (42%) n’Abayisilamu (45,7%).

Hari ibyiciro bigira umwihariko kurenza n’impuzandengo y’igihugu, aho mu bagabo batarashaka, abayisilamu ari 51,6% naho mu batagira idini bakaba 54,8%, mu gihe impuzandengo y’abagabo batarashaka ku rwego rw’igihugu ari 48,8%.

Naho ahagaragaye abagore benshi bashatse ni mu bafite imyemerere gakondo (52,8%) no mu bahamya ba Yehova (51,2%). Umubare muto w’abashatse uboneka mu bavuga ko batagira idini (40,9%).

Nanone, umubare munini w’abapfakazi uboneka muri Kiliziya Gatolika (9,4%) n’abafite imyemerere gakondo (9,1%).

Ubushakashatsi bwanzura ko hakwiye ukwitonda ku gusesengura iyi mibare ku rushako n’amadini, "kubera ko aya madini agaragaza urunyurane rw’imyaka ishobora kuba impamvu z’uku kudahuza ibipimo."

Imibare urubyiruko rushakiraho ikomeza kugenda izamuka