Ibi birego byo kwiba amabuye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo byongeye kuzamuka cyane muri iki gihe M23 yubuye imirwano ndetse bikaba intandaro y’agatotsi mu mubano w’ibi bihugu byombi.

Ku wa 30 Ugushyingo 2022, ubwo yari mu muhango wo kwakira abayobozi bashya binjiye muri Guverinoma, Perezida Kagame yamaganye ibi birego bya RDC, ashimangira ko Abanyarwanda atari abajura.

Ati "Yego, banavuga ko dushinjwa kwiba umutungo wabo, amabuye y’agaciro ya RDC, ikintu kimwe tutari cyo, ari nabyo bitugira abo navuze. Ntabwo turi abajura.”

Perezida Kagame yavuze ko mu bashinja u Rwanda kwiba umutungo kamere wa RDC, harimo n’ibihugu bisanzwe birushyigikira, bizi neza ko iterambere rugezeho ryavuye mu gukora neza kandi cyane kw’Abanyarwanda.

Ati “Ntabwo bizigera bibona ikindi gihugu kibyaza neza umusaruro amafaranga gihabwa nk’uko u Rwanda rubigenza.”

“Ntabwo ari ku mpanuka, ni uko turi kandi nta muntu uzabitwambura. Ariko iyo bigeze ku kugerageza kuducaho urukoma kuko turi insina ngufi, bazasanga duha agaciro amafaranga yabo, ni ukuvuga ko bizabagora cyane.”

U Rwanda rwo ubwarwo rusanzwe rufite amabuye y’agaciro y’ubwoko bwinshi kandi ari mu byinjiriza igihugu amafaranga atubutse.

Nko mu mezi icyenda ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2022, ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni 585$ (arenga miliyari 630 Frw). Yaje asanga miliyoni 733$ zinjiye mu 2020 na miliyoni 516$ zinjiye mu 2021.

Kugeza ubu ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro nirwo rwego rwa kabiri rwinjiza amafaranga menshi mu gihugu nyuma y’ubukerarugendo.

Bamwe mu bashinja u Rwanda kwiba amabuye y’agaciro muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ntibanatinya kuvuga ko ikimenyetso simusiga bafite ari uko iki gihugu nta mabuye y’agaciro kigira.

Nyamara nubwo bimeze gutyo amateka agaragaza ko ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda bwatangiye mu myaka ya 1930, ubwo igihugu cyakolonizwaga n’Ababiligi.

Muri icyo gihe hari ibirombe bitandatu byemewe birimo icya Gatumba (ubu ni muri Ngororero), icya Rutongo, icya Shyorongi, icya Rwinkwavu, icya Nemba n’icya Musha. Nyuma hagiye havuka n’ibindi byinshi.

Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye arimo Coltan, gasegereti, wolfram, amabengeza (gemstones), Lithium, Silver, zahabu ndetse n’andi.

Ibuye ry’agaciro rikunze kurikuroza muri aya yose ni Zahabu, cyane ko iri mu yo u Rwanda rusigaye rucuruza cyane.

Mu 1938 nibwo ikigo cyari gishinzwe ubucukuzi, Société des Mines d’Etain du Ruanda-Urundi (MINETAIN) cyavumbuye Zahabu ahazwi nka Masogwe, mu 1945 ivumburwa Karenda, ndetse mu 1949 iza no kuvumburwa muri Baradega.

Imibare igaragaza ko hagati ya 1952 na 1959, muri aka gace ka Karenda na Baradega hacukuwe ibiro 397 bya Zahabu.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho ubu bucukuzi bwa Zahabu bwakomeje gukorwa n’ibindi bigo birimo na Somirwa.

Kugeza ubu, ubu bucukuzi bwa Zahabu bukorerwa mu Miyove mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru n’Ikigo nyarwanda cya Ngari Mining. Ubucukuzi nk’ubu kandi bukorerwa i Bweyeye.

Uretse zahabu icukurwa mu Rwanda, igihugu gishobora no kwinjira mu bucuruzi bwayo iturutse ahandi mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko cyane ko runafite uruganda ruyitunganya.

U Rwanda rufite ibirombe bicukurwamo amabuye y'agaciro atandukanye, iki ni icya Nyakabingo gicukurwamo wolfram

Abacukuzi bavuga iki ku birego bya RDC?

Sindambiwe Simon ni umwe mu bantu u Rwanda rufite bamaze igihe mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ndetse uyu musaza afite ibirombe hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Sindambiwe avuga ko yamenye ibijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro ari umusore muto, ahagana mu 1972. Yayamenye biturutse kuri se wari mu bayobozi b’ikirombe cya Rwinkwavu.

Ati “Njye nayamenye kubera Papa wari Gapita w’ikirombe cya Rwinkwavu. Njye nagendaga ndi umwana mukorera. Hari n’igihe wasangaga yimutse Rwinkwavu, akajya i Gatumba, akimuka akajya kureba aba Nyakabingo cyangwa aba Rutongo, akajya i Nemba n’ahandi, aho hose rero twajyaga tujyana.”

Uyu musaza kuri ubu ufite ibirombe bye avuga ko abashinja u Rwanda ubujura bw’amabuye y’agaciro baba bashaka kurusebya.

Ati “Twe biriya tubibona nk’urubwa kuko ntabwo Imana yashyize amabuye y’agaciro muri Congo ngo ahandi ihareke, imisozi yose ni imisozi, bo ubwabo ntacyo abamarira kuko batayafata uko bakwiriye kuyafata. Bacukura mu kajagari ntibamenye n’aho amabuye yabo agiye kuko ubwabo ntabwo ari abacukuzi, ahubwo basahurwa n’abo bazungu bakorana.”

Sindambiwe yakomeje avuga ko impamvu umusaruro w’u Rwanda mu bijyanye n’amabuye y’agaciro ugenda urushaho kwiyongera ari ukubera ubunyamwuga bwubatswe mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi ndetse hakabaho n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana amabuye avuye mu gihugu.

Ati “Twe amabuye yacu agenda mu buryo buri ku murongo ni yo mpamvu mubona imibare igenda irushaho kwiyongera ariko bo ntibamenya uko agenda.”

Abasura u Rwanda bagiye kujya berekwa ibijyanye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro

Ibirego by’uko u Rwanda rwiba amabuye mu mahanga kandi bivuguruzwa n’Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz, RMB, Dr. Ivan Twagirashema.

Dr Twagirashema yavuze ko ibi birego byageze n’aho abantu batangira guca intege abiga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda bababwira ko batazabona icyo bakora kubera ko igihugu cyabo nta mabuye kigira.

Ati “N’Abanyarwanda ubwabo hari abatemera ko igihugu gifite amabuye y’agaciro, baba bumva kiriya kigo tuyobora kiri hariya nk’ikigo cyo gufasha kugira ngo amabuye avuye ahandi turebe uburyo atambuka. Hari n’abibaza abiga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro aho bazajya gucukura.”

Ibi Dr Twagirashema yabigarutseho ku wa Gatatu tariki 7 Ukuboza 2022, ubwo yasuraga ikirombe cya Nyakabingo gicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro ya Wolfram.

Yavuze ko abavuga ko u Rwanda nta mabuye y’agaciro rugira, iki kirombe gikwiriye kubabera urugendo ndetse yemeza ko bagiye gukora ibishoboka byose ku buryo abasura u Rwanda bazajya basura n’ibirombe.

Ati “Hari abavugaga ko mu Rwanda nta mabuye y’agaciro ahari iki ni kimwe mu birombe dufite, cyegereye Umujyi wa Kigali nimumara kugitunganya neza ku buryo hakorerwa ubukerarugendo, abantu benshi baza gusura ingagi tuzajya dukora ibishoboka byose banyure hano birebere, kuko iki ni ikibazo gikomeye kuri twe, bahora bavuga ngo nta mabuye y’agaciro tugira ariko iki ni kimwe mu birombe dufite.”

Ku kirombe cya Nyakabingo giherereye mu Karere ka Rulindo uyu mushinga ugeze kure kuko wamaze gukorerwa inyigo ndetse n’igishushanyo mbonera.

Byitezwe ko mu gihe uzaba utangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, abasura ibice bitandukanye bigize Intara y’Amajyaruguru bazajya babanza kunyuzwa aha hantu bakerekwe amateka y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda, uko bukorwa, amabuye y’agaciro ahaboneka, uko yongererwa agaciro ndetse n’akayabo yinjiriza igihugu

Raporo yo mu 2020 y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare yerekana ko mu myaka itanu ishize, ni ukuvuga kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2019, u Rwanda rwinjije asaga miliyari 1,4 z’amadolari ya Amerika avuye mu mabuye y’agaciro yoherejwe mu mahanga.

Nko mu bihembwe bine by’umwaka wa 2015, amabuye y’agaciro yagurishijwe mu mahanga yinjije miliyoni 149$. Icyo gihe hacurujwe gasegereti, coltan, wolfram n’ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye (budasobanurwa ubwo ari bwo muri iyi raporo).

Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2016, hinjiye miliyoni zisaga 166, 5$ aho gasegereti yinjije miliyoni 34,8$; coltan yinjiza miliyoni 39,7$; wolfram yinjiza miliyoni 11,9$ naho ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye bwinjiza miliyoni 80$.

Mu 2017 umusaruro wariyongereye ndetse usa n’uwikubye inshuro zirenze ebyiri kuko igihugu cyinjije miliyoni zisaga 373$ yakusanyijwe mu bihembwe bine by’uwo mwaka.

Gasegereti yavuyemo miliyoni zisaga 50,1$; coltan miliyoni 62,1$; wolfram yinjije miliyoni 12,6$ mu gihe ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye bwinjije miliyoni 248, 5$.

Umwaka wa 2018 ho hinjijwe miliyoni 346, 6$, ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye y’agaciro ni bwo bwari ku isonga mu kwinjiriza igihugu angana na miliyoni 204, 4$.

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz mu Rwanda (RMB), Amb Yamina Karitanyi yitegereza amabuye y’agaciro acukurwa mu kirombe cya Nyakabingo

Iki kirombe cya Nyakabingo cyatangiye gucukurwamo Wolfram kuva mu 1930

Chargé d'Affaires wa Ambasade ya Amerika mu Rwanda, Deb MacLean, nawe ajya asura ibirombe byo mu Rwanda