Hari abatarasobanukirwa neza akamaro umuganda ufitiye u Rwanda, bigatuma hari bamwe batubaha uko bikwiye itegeko riwugenga cyangwa se bakawitabira ku gitsure cy’ubuyobozi bw’aho batuye, nyamara ubusesenguzi bugaragaza ko wifitemo ubushobozi bwarokora amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenga miliyari 15 uramutse witabiriwe na bose.

Itegeko risobanura umuganda nk’uburyo bwo guhuriza hamwe imbaraga z’abantu benshi kugira ngo bagere ku gikorwa bahuriyeho gifitiye igihugu akamaro. Rigaragaza ko umuganda ufite intego yo guteza imbere ibikorwa by’amajyambere bitandukanye, mu rwego rwo kunganira ingengo y’imari y’Igihugu ubusanzwe idahagije, no gutuma abantu bashobora gusabana.

Imibare yo muri raporo zitandukanye igaragaza ko imbaraga z’abitabira umuganda iyo zihurijwe hamwe zibyara ibikorwa byinshi, byakagombye kugendaho akayabo k’amafaranga, maze agakoreshwa mu bindi bikorwa bifitiye abaturage akamaro.

Perezida Kagame yitabira umuganda buri gihe agaha urugero rwiza abaturage

Raporo y’umuganda iheruka (2012/2013) igaragaza ko ibikorwa byakozwe mu muganda wakozwe n’abantu batadukanye hirya no hino mu gihugu, bifite agaciro k’ amafaranga y’u Rwanda 12,768,320,156, ni ukuvuga ko yakagombye kuva mu mufuka wa leta hatabayeho umuganda.

Iyi raporo igaragaza ko mu bantu 26,544,488 bagombaga kwitabira umuganda wabaye mu cyumweru cya nyuma cya buri kwezi kuva muri Nyakanga 2012 kugeza muri Kanama 2013, abagera ku 20,931,383 (80%) ari bo babashije kuwitabira, ibi bikagaragaza ko baramutse bitabiriye ku kigero cya 100% aya mafaranga yazamuka akarenga miliyari 15.

Muri iyi raporo kandi hagaragaramo ko Intara y’Iburengerazuba ari yo yakoze umuganda ufite agaciro kanini (amafaranga y’u Rwanda 3,633,529,679), mu gihe Umujyi wa Kigali wakoze ufite agaciro k’amafaranga 957,926,701, biwushyira ku mwanya wa nyuma.

Uretse n’ibi kandi, kuva mu Ukwakira kugeza mu Ukuboza 2012, habaye umuganda udasanzwe wa buri cyumweru usabwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe, uhabwa agaciro k’amafaranga 5,657,227,265, aya nayo yagombaga kuva mu mufuka wa Minisiteri ishinzwe kurwanya Ibiza, bitewe n’imirimo yakozwemo.

Abaturage bafatanya n'ingabo mu muganda

Ibyo ukwiye kumenya ku itegeko rigenga umuganda mu Rwanda

Itegeko rigenga umuganda riteganya ko Umunyarwanda wese ufite nibura imyaka 18 kandi utarengeje 65 ufite imbaraga zo gukora, afite inshingano zo gukora umuganda. Icyakora, urengeje imyaka 65 ubishaka, ashobora kwitabira ibikorwa by’umuganda.
Itegeko n°53/2007 ryo kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 2007 rigenga umuganda mu Rwanda, rivuga ko nta muntu wemerewe gutanga amafaranga cyangwa ikindi kintu kugira ngo adakora umuganda, gusa ntibibuza umuntu gutanga inkunga yunganira umuganda.

Abanyamahanga batuye mu Rwanda na bo bakangurirwa gukora umuganda.

Umuganda rusange uba kuri buri wa Gatandatu wa nyuma w’ukwezi ugomba gutangira saa mbiri za mu gitondo, icyakora iyi saha ishobora guhinduka ku bwumvikane bw’abakora umuganda na komite iwuyobora. Umuganda umara amasaha atatu.

Ku bijyanye n’ibihano, iri tegeko riteganya ko “Komite ishinzwe umuganda, imaze kubyumvikanaho n’abaturage bateraniye mu nama isoza umuganda, ifatira utitabiriye umuganda nta mpamvu ifatika yatanze, ibyemezo binyuranye, harimo n’ibijyanye n’igikorwa umuganda wakoraga. Iyo bibaye ngombwa ko inama isoza umuganda ifata icyemezo cyo guca amafaranga, ntishobora kurenza amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000 Frw)”.

Abaturage bafatanya gusukura aho batuye

Umuganda ufite inkomoko mu muco w’Abanyarwanda

Abanyarwanda, mu muco wabo karande, barafashanyaga muri byose. Iyo umuntu yajyaga gukora umurimo uruhije cyangwa ashaka ko urangira vuba, yiyambazaga inshuti, abavandimwe n’abaturanyi bakawuteraniraho mu gihe gito ukaba urarangiye.

Mu buhinzi batemaga amashyamba, bagahinga ahantu hanini cyangwa hakomeye, bagatera imyaka, bakabiba, bakabagara ndetse bakanasarura; ahenshi bakabyita ubudehe.

Mu bwubatsi, bafatanyaga mu gusiza ibibanza bakubaka amazu, ibigega, ari byo benshi bita gutanga umuganda.

Mu yindi mirimo, bafatanyaga mu gutegura no gukoresha ibirori ndetse banafatanyaga no mu byago bakazana ibibindi by’inzoga, inkangara, cyangwa ibiseke by’imyaka.

Iyo umuganda urangiye, abaturage baganira kuri gahunda z'iterambere

Gukorera hamwe byahuzaga abantu, bigatuma biyumvamo ubumwe, bigatuma bamera nk’ abavandimwe koko. Byatumaga bumvikana ndetse buri wese akifuriza mugenzi we imibereho myiza. Bahurizaga hamwe ingufu zabo n’ibitekerezo kugira ngo bashakire hamwe uburyo bwo kurushaho kubaho neza.

Igitabo cya Politiki y’umuganda cya 2005, kigaragaza ko Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri, umuganda waje kurenga umuco wo gufashanya bisanzwe maze wemezwa ku rwego rw’igihugu nk’uburyo bwo gukorera hamwe (travaux communautaires), hagenwa iminsi uzajya ukorerwaho, icyo gihe witwaga umubyizi.

Muri Repubulika ya kabiri ho washyizwemo ingufu nyinshi utangizwa ku mugaragaro kuwa 02 Gashyantare 1974, maze muri Minisiteri yari ifite amajyambere ya Komini mu nshingano zayo, ishyirwaho ubuyobozi bushinzwe gutegura no gukurikirana umuganda.

Umuganda waje gutakaza isura nziza yawo wari ufite, maze bamwe mu banyapolitiki bawuhindura igikoresho cya politiki, maze abantu bawufata nk’ikintu kibi.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, politiki y’umuganda yaranogejwe, maze ubera Abanyarwanda umwanya mwiza wo kugaragaza uruhare rwabo mu bikorwa bitandukanye by’amajyambere arambye.

Umuganda kandi nk’igikorwa gifite akamaro ku gihugu kandi gishyigikiwe n’inzego, ndetse byinshi mu bihugu by’amahanga biza kwigiraho, ni kimwe mu bigira uruhare rukomeye mu guhanga isura nziza u Rwanda rwiyemeje kuzaba rufite mu mwaka wa 2020.

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