Amasomo ateganyijwe kwigishwa mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’amashuri abanza ni icyenda kimwe no mu cya kabiri bigatandukanira ku gihe isomo rimara. Mu cyiciro cya mbere amasomo yose hamwe ni 42 mu cyumweru amara amasaha 28 mu gihe mu cya kabiri ari 48 amara amasaha 32.

Ikinyarwanda cyigishwa inshuro umunani mu cyumweru mu cyiciro cya mbere n’icya kabiri mu mashuri abanza ukurikije ibiteganywa n’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/MINEDUC/2021 ryo ku wa 20/10/2021 rishyiraho integanyanyigisho mu mashuri y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’inyigisho rusange, mbonezamwuga n’iz’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro. Mbere y’iri teka ntabwo ari ko byari bimeze.

Nubwo hari ivugurura ryakozwe mu nteganyanyigisho, hari abarimu bavuga ko imiterere yayo idahuye n’ubushobozi bw’abanyeshuri ndetse ikaba ari ndende cyane, ibi bikaba biri mu bituma batsindwa by’umwihariko Ikinyarwanda ku buryo hari n’abasoza amashuri abanza batazi kugisoma no kucyandika.

Isesengura ryakozwe binyuze mu mushinga wa USAID Soma Umenye ku bufatanye n’inzego zishinzwe uburezi mu Rwanda mu 2018, ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bw’abanyeshuri mu misomere y’Ikinyarwanda (Rwanda Early Grade Reading Assessment: EGRA), ku biga kuva mu mwaka wa mbere kugeza mu wa gatatu, ryerekanye ibibazo bikomeye.

Abanyeshuri barenga kimwe cya kabiri (58.6%) bo mu mwaka wa mbere ntibashoboraga gusoma ijambo na rimwe ryo mu gitabo cy’umwaka wa mbere; mu wa kabiri 46.9% bari bafite ikibazo nk’iki naho 50,4% ntibashoboraga na busa kumva ibijyanye n’ibyo basomye.

Mu mwaka wa gatatu bashoboraga gusoma neza amagambo 16,2 mu munota umwe no gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye n’ibyo basomye ariko 27,9% badashobora gusoma ijambo na rimwe ryo mu gitabo cy’imyandiko mu mwaka wa gatatu mu gihe abagera kuri 36% batashoboraga gusubiza ibibazo bijyanye n’ibyo basomye.

Porogaramu y’amasomo iragutse cyane kandi irakomeye

Kuva integanyanyigisho ishingiye ku bushobozi bw’umunyeshuri (Competence Based Curriculum: CBC) yatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu 2015, porogaramu y’umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza yashyizwemo ibihekane bigera kuri bitandatu mu isomo ry’Ikinyarwanda.

Muri iki cyiciro bahita bigishwa ingombajwi n’uko zandikwa mu nyuguti nkuru, inyigisho ubusanzwe yabarizwaga mu mwaka wa kabiri ndetse hambere amasomo yose yigishwaga mu Kinyarwanda bikorohera uwigishwa gukurikira nta mbogamizi ugereranyije n’uko bimeze ubu kuko ururimi rwo kwigishwamo ari Icyongereza.

Mu biga mu mashuri ya leta, si buri mwana uba waragize amahirwe yo kubanza kwiga icyiciro cy’incuke nibura ngo atozwe ibirimo n’indimi z’amahanga. Iyo hiyongereyeho imibare n’andi masomo mu Cyongereza n’Igifaransa nk’isomo ukwaryo akarwana na byo n’Ikinyarwanda atarakimenya, bishobora kumutesha umutwe nk’uko umwe mu barimu yabisobanuye.

Ati “Umwana ariga Ikinyarwanda cyabaye cyinshi n’ibindi bari bumuzanire na byo ari byinshi. Njya mbona abana atari abaswa ahubwo biba byabarenze bagasa n’abataye umutwe kandi utsinzwe Ikinyarwanda ahita atakaza icyizere n’andi masomo akayatsindwa. Wamubwira iki mu Cyongereza kandi n’Ikinyarwanda cyamunaniye? Ariko uzi Ikinyarwanda n’ibindi biza vuba.”

Yakomeje avuga ko ibindi bihekane byinshi biri mu mwaka wa kabiri mu gihe mu wa gatatu harimo bike ariko muri rusange porogaramu ifite ibintu byinshi bitagendanye n’urwego ry’ubumenyi abana bariho. Igikomeye ni uko ibyo barenze umwaka wa mbere batamenye, bigoye kubimenya mu byiciro bikurikira.

Undi mwarimu kuri kimwe mu bigo by’amashuri yo mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, yavuze ko abanyeshuri bashobora kumenya gusoma Ikinyarwanda ariko kucyandika bikaba ingorabahizi.

Ati “Nko mu bana 80 nigisha, 5% nibo batazi gusoma ijambo na rimwe noneho 95% ntibazi kwandika. Mu mwaka wa kabiri usanga harimo ibihekane byinshi bisaba ko umwana yiga nka bine mu cyumweru kandi ntabwo byashoboka. Harimo iby’ingombajwi eshatu ku buryo yiga abivanga bitewe n’uko bimusaba kwiga byinshi mu gihe gitoya kandi ubundi mbere byabaga biteganyijwe ko umwana yiga igihekane kimwe mu cyumweru.”

Mugenzi we yavuze ko uburebure bwa porogaramu y’amasomo butuma hari ubwo umwarimu arwana no kugira aho ayigeza [kubera ko biri mu byo abazwa] kuko yayigabanyije n’igihe giteganyijwe agasanga bidahura bigatuma umwana azamuka nta cyo ajyanye.

Ati “Kutamenya gusoma biterwa n’igihe kibura, rimwe na rimwe amashuri aba arimo abana benshi ku buryo buri mwana atabonerwa umwanya wo kwitabwaho.”

Bibaye ngombwa integanyanyigisho yahinduka

Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe integanyanyigisho z’ubugeni n’ubumenyamuntu muri REB, Florien Rutiyomba, yavuze ko mu mwaka wa mbere hashyizwe ibihekane kubera ko mu cyiciro cya mbere ari ho Ikinyarwanda cyari gifite amasaha menshi [umunani] ugereranyije n’ane mu cya kabiri.

Yavuze ko hashyizwe ibihekane byoroshye kandi biboneka mu magambo akunze gukoreshwa kenshi ku buryo bitananira abanyeshuri kandi ngo kuba bari bafite igihe gihagije bashoboraga kubimenya.

Agaruka ku mpamvu zishobora gutuma abanyeshuri batsindwa, Rutiyomba yavuze ko zari nyinshi zirimo ubucucike mu mashuri bwatumaga biga ingunga ebyiri, gusiba kubera ko amashuri yabaga ari kure n’ibindi ariko ngo byose bigenda bikemuka.

Ati “Mu mashuri abanza bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibyumba by’amashuri, turimo turagenda tuva ku kwiga ingunga imwe bigatuma amasaha y’amasomo yiyongera mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’abanza. Birashoboka ko hari ibihekane bimwe bishobora kuzimukirayo.”

Yakomeje ati “Numva atari byo kuvuga ko basabwa ’guhekenya bataramera amenyo’ kandi igihe byaba bigaragaye ko hari icyo bidindiza integanyanyigisho ntabwo ari ikintu kiri aho kidahinduka, nta kabuza yahinduka bimaze gukorerwa isesengura rihagije.”

Ikinyarwanda cyigishwa kuva mu cyiciro cy’incuke kugera mu mashuri yisumbuye.

REB ivuga ko nibigaragara ko integanyanyigisho hari icyo ibangamyeho ku myigire y'abanyeshuri izahinduka

Amafoto: Unicef