Icyakora nyuma y’imyaka ine yo gushakisha, Mugabo yaje kubona akazi mu 2019, uretse ko kari ak’igihe gito kuko icyorezo cya Covid-19 cyatumye aba mu bakozi ba mbere birukanywe aho yakoraga ndetse ntiyongera guhamagarwa kuva icyo gihe.

Si urw’umwe kuko imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu y’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), igaragaza ko ikigero cy’ubushomeri mu Kanama 2021 cyari kuri 19,4%, kivuye kuri 23,5% muri Gicurasi na 17% muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka.

Mu buryo busanzwe, iyi mibare iri hejuru uretse ko ibi bidatangaje bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya Covid-19.

Mugabo yavuze ko ikibazo cy’ubushomeri ari imwe mu mbogamizi ikomereye u Rwanda, ashingiye ku byo yabonye nk’umuntu wamaze igihe kinini ashaka akazi.

Yagize ati “Mu by’ukuri ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu gihugu giteye ubwoba kandi cyari kinahari na mbere ya Covid-19. Hari ubwo twajyaga gushaka akazi, ugasanga umwanya umwe wasabwe n’abantu barenga 300 kandi ari umwanya uciriritse udahemba arenze ibihumbi 200 Frw ku kwezi.”

Yasobanuye ko ibi bibazo byiyongeraho ikimenyane n’andi manyanga atuma urubyiruko rwakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ruhabwe akazi, ruviramo aho.

Ati “Uretse no kuba akazi gahari ari gacye n’uduhari ntabwo dutangwa neza kuko usanga imyanya myinshi ishyirwa ku isoko uzayijyamo yaramenyekanye. Hari aho nagiye kwaka akazi, dukora ikizamini kandi hari umuntu uri gukora akazi twari turimo gusaba, ku buryo ubona ko ari ikibazo gikomeye kuko bigonga na wa wundi wari kubona amahirwe akiteza imbere.”

Yashimangiye ko nubwo yize akaminuza, iyo ibintu byagenze nabi hari ubwo ashakira amafaranga mu mirimo irimo ikiyede no gutwara moto.

Uyu musore uri gukabakaba imyaka 30, yavuze ko ababazwa n’uko inzozi yari afite zo kwiteza imbere atazigezeho, ati “Natekerezaga ko ku myaka 30 naba mfite ikibanza, numvaga naba ndi mu mishinga yo kubaka urugo, nkumva umuryango wanjye nzaba narawuteje imbere, ariko ubuzima buri hanze aha buragoye ku buryo ntabyo ndageraho."

Igishoro cyabaye ingume

Uretse Mugabo, Murenzi (amazina yahinduwe), na we yasobanuye uburyo yanyuze mu buzima butoroshye nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza, yagerageza kwegera ibigo by’imari kugira ngo abone inguzanyo, ntibimushobokere.

Yagize ati “Narangije amashuri bingoye ariko numvaga ibyo ngomba gukora byose nzaba umucuruzi. Nabanje gushaka akazi kugira ngo ngire ubumenyi, ubundi nza kujya kwaka inguzanyo muri BDF, ariko n’ubu sinzi uko byagenze, nta gisubizo nabonye uretse ko bansabye kuvugurura umushinga none imyaka ibiri irirenze.”

Uyu musore uvuga ko yifuje gukora umushinga wo kurora inkoko, yavuze ko “imikorere ya BDF ntabwo itunogera neza, nzi bagenzi banjye bagerageje gushaka amafaranga ariko ntibidukundire."

Muri Nzeri uyu mwaka, Ikigega gishinzwe gutanga ingwate ku mishinga y’urubyiruko n’abagore (BDF) cyari cyagarutsweho muri Raporo y’Umugenzuzi w’Imari ya Leta, ku makosa y’ubukererwe bwo gushyikiriza imirenge SACCO amafaranga agenewe inguzanyo z’ibikoresho bifasha abakorera mu dukiriro.

Icyakora iki Kigega giherutse gutangaza ko mu myaka 10 kimaze gitangiye cyafashije imishinga hafi 45.000 mu gihugu hose yatanzweho miliyari 87 Frw.

Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umugishwanama mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imari, Habyarimana Straton, yavuze ko banki zo mu Rwanda zikwiye kuvugurura imikokore, kuko zidashyiraho serivisi z’umwihariko ku rubyiruko, ku buryo rushobora kwihangira imirimo.

Yagize ati “Ibigo by’imari ntabwo bizi gushaka aho amahirwe ari (product development). Urubyiruko rufite imiterere yarwo, ari nayo ibigo by’imari byagashingiyeho mu kurema ibicuruzwa na serivisi ukurikije iyo miterere y’urubyiruko."

"Nk’urugero, umuntu ashobora kuba adafite ingwate ariko afite ubushake, afite ubumenyi yavanye mu ishuri [kandi] arashaka gukora umwuga ariko akeneye imashini. Kuki banki zitatekereza uburyo [zatanga inguzanyo] y’imashini, izo mashini zikaba ari zo zihinduka ingwate, zikazegurirwa umuntu amaze kwishyura inguzanyo? Ni uko bigenda mu bindi bihugu.”

Yasobanuye ko banki zikwiye kongera ingufu mu kwiga isoko ry’u Rwanda, zikamenya neza ibintu bigezweho byiganjemo ubumenyingiro buzana inyungu vuba, noneho zigashyiraho serivisi zishobora gufasha urubyiruko kubona igishoro cyo kwiteza imbere muri ibyo bintu bigezweho.

Nta cyizere mu bihe bya Covid-19

Muri rusange, bijyanye n’imiterere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19, birashoboka ko ubushomeri bushobora gukomeza kwiyongera cyangwa ntibugabanuke cyane mu gihe iki cyorezo cyakomeza gukaza umurego.

Habyarimana yasobanuye ko ubukungu bw’Isi ‘ari nk’uruziga’ ku buryo mu gihe icyorezo cyakomeza kuyogoza ibintu hanze y’u Rwanda, byarugiraho ingaruka kabone nubwo rwagihashya.

Yasobanuye ko nk’urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rufatiye runini ubukungu bw’igihugu, rutazasubira ku murongo vuba, bityo abarushingiraho imibereho bose bakazagerwaho n’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Yagize ati “Nubwo ibikorwa byakomorewe, ntabwo ibintu birasubira mu buryo. Nk’urugero, nubwo Leta yafunguye ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo, amahoteli akongera gukora nk’uko byari bisanzwe, ariko bizafata imyaka kugira ngo uru rwego rwongere rusubire ku murongo [nk’uko rwahoze], abakerarugendo bongere baze nk’uko byari bisanzwe, amahoteli yongere akenere abakozi benshi, yongere akenere kugura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mwinshi.”

Yasobanuye ko mu gihe amahoteli atari kwakira abakerarugendo, nabo batari gutembera kuko iki cyorezo cyagize ingaruka ku bukungu bwabo, bituma nayo agabanya ibyo akenera, bigatuma n’abafatanyabikorwa bagabanya umusaruro, ibyo bikavamo kugabanya abakozi bityo ikibazo cy’ubushomeri kikiyongera.

Yagaragaje ko uretse ubukerarugendo, iyo ubukungu bw’Isi busubiye inyuma bigira ingaruka ku byo u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga kuko bigabanuka, bityo n’abakozi bakenewe mu kubitunganya bakagabanuka.

Ati “Iyo hari ibibazo by’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku rwego rw’Isi, bigira ingaruka ku bukungu bwacu natwe, kandi unarebye ku rwego rw’Isi, urasanga ko ubukungu bwarazahajwe na Covid-19, ku buryo bizatwara igihe kugira ngo ibintu bisubire mu buryo neza.”

Ubukungu bw’Isi bwasubiye inyuma ku kigero cya 3,2% umwaka ushize, icyakora bwitezweho kuzamuka ku kigero cya 5,9% uyu mwaka ndetse na 4,9% mu 2022, mu gihe Covid-19 yarushaho kugenza macye.

Amaherezo azaba ayahe?

Nubwo ikibazo cy’ubushomeri giteye inkeke, Habyarimana yavuze ko hari ibyo Leta yatangiye gukora bikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga, kugira ngo ubushomeri bugabanuke.

Yavuze ko kimwe mu byihutirwa ari ukuzamura ireme ry’amasomo y’ubumenyingiro, kandi akigishwa abanyeshuri benshi.

Yagize ati “Hagombye gukorwa ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ahari icyuho mu bumenyingiro, noneho urubyiruko rugafashwa kwiga iyo myuga. Kubera ko hari icyuho mu bayikora, abazayiga bazahita babona akazi kandi bongere umusaruro ku isoko…uzasanga nko mu cyaro hari abaturage bahawe umuriro uturuka ku mirasire y’izuba, ariko ugasanga nka nyuma y’umwaka batiri igize ikibazo, hakabura umuntu uza kuyikora kuko muri icyo cyaro nta muntu uzi kubikora.”

Yashimangiye kandi ko ari ngombwa kongera imbaraga mu bikorwa bishobora gutuma urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda rufite ubumenyi, rujya gukora mu bihugu byo mu mahanga, kuko n’ubundi ruhindukira rukohereza amafaranga mu gihugu.

Ati “[Birakwiye ko] abana twirereye tukabaha ubumenyi, twabasunika mu gihe badashobora kubona imirimo mu Rwanda, bakajya kuyikora hanze kuko n’ubundi baraza bagateza imbere imiryango yabo, ni inyungu ku gihugu mu buryo burambye, ni ikintu cyiza ahubwo gikwiye gushyirwamo imbaraga."

Iyi mpuguke yashimangiye ko amarushanwa ameze nka Hanga Pitchfest ari “ingirakamaro cyane”, avuga ko ari ngombwa ko yongerwa.

Ati “Bizateza imbere urwego rw’ubushakashatsi mu gihugu, bizatuma urubyiruko rwicara rurebe ibibazo bihari, bityo rushyireho uburyo bwo kubikemura. Ubundi igica intege urubyiruko ni uko abona azashora imbaraga nyinshi mu gushaka ibyo bisubizo ariko akabona nta musaruro ufatika azakuramo. Ariko mu gihe umuntu abona ko ashobora gukora ikintu cyamuhesha miliyoni 12,5 Frw, azicara atekereze neza kuri uwo mushinga. Bitera ingufu urubyiruko kandi bizatuma ikintu cya inovasiyo cyiyongera mu Rwanda.”

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, yagaragaje ko mu gihe ibintu bitarasubira mu buryo, Leta ikwiye gukomeza ibikorwa birimo kubaka ibikorwaremezo bigari “kuko ni urwego ruha akazi abantu benshi,” ashimangira ko iyo “Leta ifashe inguzanyo mu rwego rwo kubaka ibikorwaremezo, ntabwo aba ari igihombo kuko bitanga akazi, kandi na cya gikorwaremezo kikazagira uruhare mu kongera umusaruro w’ubukungu bw’igihugu.”

Murenzi yasabye ko mu Nama y’Umushyikirano iri gutegurwa, "Ikibazo cy’ubushomeri kizahabwe umwihariko, ntabwo igihugu cyagira amahoro mu gihe imbaraga z’urubyiruko ziri gupfa ubusa, ni ikibazo ku mutekano w’igihugu niyo mpamvu bikwiriye kwitabwaho by’umwihariko."

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