Ni we wari usanzwe ari Umunyamabanga wa Leta Ushinzwe Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye, umwanya yari amazeho imyaka igera kuri itatu.

Minisiteri y’Uburezi yari isanzwe ifite Abanyamabanga ba leta babiri [uwari ushinzwe Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye n’uwari ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga n’Amashuri y’imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro] kongeraho Minisitiri w’Uburezi. Ubu hasigaye Minisitiri n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta.

Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Minisitiri Twagirayezu yagarutse ku bikorwa by’ingenzi yiteguye gushyiramo imbaraga, agira n’icyo avuga ku ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri ya leta, uburezi butangwa na Kaminuza Mpuzamahanga zikorera mu Rwanda n’ibindi.

IGIHE: Nta gihe kinini kirashira uhawe inshingano za Minisitiri w’Uburezi; ni izihe mpinduka zabaye mu bijyanye n’uko iyi minisiteri iyobowe muri iki gihe?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Kuva mu 2020 hari hariho Abanyamabanga ba leta babiri, umwe ushinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye n’undi ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga n’amashuri y’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro (TVET), hakiyongeraho Minisitiri w’Uburezi.

Ubu dufite Minisitiri w’Uburezi n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri w’Uburezi. Twese dufite inshingano zitandukanye ariko n’izo nkingi turacyaziha imbaraga [Ikoranabuhanga, TVET ndetse n’amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye], icyahindutse ni uburyo abantu bakora akazi.

Uwari Umunyamamabanga wa leta ushinzwe TVET aracyahari, ni ukugabana akazi no kugakora mu buryo budasanzwe, nta kindi cyabaye.”

IGIHE: Ni ibihe bikorwa by’ingenzi uteganya gushyiramo imbaraga?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Ibikorwa bya Minisiteri y’Uburezi bigendera ku cyerekezo igihugu gifite. Hari icyerekezo 2050 hakaba na gahunda za guverinoma, ubu ngubu iyo dufite ni NST1. Nyuma ya NST1 natwe dufite ingamba zo guteza imbere uburezi (Education Sector Strategic Plan), bivuze ko ibikorwa byose dukora bishingiye kuri izo gahunda.

Mu byo turi gukora, icya mbere ni uguteza imbere mwarimu kubera ko uburezi twemera ko ari we bushingiyeho. Turashaka gukomeza guteza imbere imibereho ya mwarimu. Murabizi ko mu gihe gito gishize yongerewe umushahara ariko tuzakomeza guteza imbere uburyo abarimu bigishwa n’uko bahabwa amahugurwa n’uburyo bafashwa mu myigishirize yabo.

Ikindi ni uguteza imbere amashuri y’incuke. Turacyafite umubare muto ariko turi gushyiramo imbaraga kugira ngo abana benshi b’Abanyarwanda bagire amahirwe yo kwitegura mbere yo kwinjira mu mashuri abanza.

Na none turi guteza imbere amasomo ya tekiniki, imyuga n’ubumenyingiro. Politiki yacu ni uko nyuma y’umwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, tugira abana bacu inama y’uko 60% bakwiga amasomo ya tekiniki. Ni urugendo twashyizemo imbaraga mu myaka ishize ku buryo umubare w’amashuri wiyongereye, porogaramu ziriyongera ndetse ziranavugururwa.

Mu mashuri ya tekiniki yo ku rwego rwa kaminuza (IPRCs) hari kwiyongeramo ‘BTech’ ndetse na nyuma hazazamo ‘MTech’. Ni ukuvuga ko aho kugira ngo abanyeshuri barangize amasomo bafite impamyabushobozi ya A1, ubu ngubu hari amahitamo ko bashobora kugira ‘Bachelor’s Degree’. Ibyo na byo ni ingenzi cyane tuzakomeza kubishyiramo imbaraga.

IGIHE:Kaminuza Mpuzamahanga zifite amashami mu Rwanda zimaze kuba nyinshi. Ni uruhe ruhare zagize mu guhindura isura y’uburezi mu Rwanda? Hari andi mashuri yo kuri urwo rwego yiteguye gutangira?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Umubare wa Kaminuza Mpuzamahanga dufite uri kugenda wiyongera. Kugeza ubu zigamo abagera ku 2000. Abarenga gato kimwe cya kabiri cyabo ni Abanyarwanda.

Ni ikintu cyiza cyane kuba dufite izo kaminuza zirimo n’iza mbere zikomeye ku isi nka Canergy Mellon University. Dufite AIMS, tukagira African Leadership University, Vatel n’izindi. Byerekana ko u Rwanda rugenda ruba igihugu aho kaminuza mpuzamahanga ziza zigashinga amashmi yazo zikigisha Abanyarwanda n’Abanyamahanga.

Turateganya gukomeza gushyiramo imbaraga mu bijyanye n’amabwiriza n’uburyo kaminuza zifungurwa kugira ngo bigire imbaraga ariko tunatumira kaminuza z’amahanga ngo zize mu Rwanda.

Turibwira ko ibyo nibikorwa kandi neza tuzagira kaminuza nyinshi ziza hano kandi iyo ufite kaminuza z’amahanga zikora neza bituma n’iz’imbere mu gihugu zikura. Turi kubona ko ubumenyi batanga butanga umusanzu ku bigo biri hano mu Rwanda.

IGIHE: Zisanga Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ihagaze he mu bijyanye no kugira abarimu bashoboye n’ubushakashatsi buhindura ubuzima bw’abaturage?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Hashize imyaka 10 ibaye Kaminuza imwe, ibyari kaminuza za leta zabaye koleji zayo. Yateye intambwe cyane mu kubaka inzego zayo, gukomeza kongera umubare w’abarimu bashoboye nubwo tutaragera ku rugero rushimishije.

Ubu dufite abarenga gato 420 bafite impamyabushobozi z’ikirenga ariko n’iyo urebye buri mwaka tugira abarimu bajya kwiga kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi, hanyuma rero n’ubushakashatsi bwagiye bwiyongera muri kaminuza.

Kaminuza yacu iri kugenda yiyubaka ndetse tuzarushaho kongera imbaraga tuyifashe, ari mu kuvugurura uko iyobowe n’ibyo yigisha kugira ngo abanyeshuri bayigamo babe bashoboye gutanga umusanzu.

IGIHE: Haracyumvikana ibibazo by’abanyeshuri bata ishuri, abaterwa inda imburagihe n’abafite imyitwarire idahwitse; umuti wabyo uzaba uwuhe?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Ikibazo cyo guta ishuri kirahari kuko iyo urebye uko abanyeshuri batangira n’abarangiza, hari abagenda basigara.

Guta ishuri biterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye zirimo izo mu miryango, izo ku ishuri n’iz’umunyeshuri ubwe. Icyo dukora ni ukubanza kumenya abanyehsuri dufite ariko ntitunategereze ko umunyeshuri abanza kuva mu ishuri ngo tubone kugira icyo dukora.

Ubu twubatse uburyo bwo kubona amakuru mu mashuri kugira ngo tujye tubasha gutahura abanyeshuri bafite ibyago byo kuva mu ishuri bagakurikiranwa.

Nta kuntu twakubaka amashuri ngo dushake abarimu, ibikoresho n’ibindi ngo abana bave mu mashuri, bivuze ko ari inshingano kuri twese. Ni urugendo ariko bisaba ko inzego zose zikomeza gukorana.

IGIHE: Amashuri atanu ya mbere yatsindishije neza mu bizamini bisoza icyiciro cy’abanza umwaka ushize, ni ayigenga. Ni igihamya cy’uko ireme ry’uburezi mu mashuri ya leta rikemangwa?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Ntabwo ari ko bimeze kuko n’ubundi amashuri arutana mu bushobozi. Kuba dufite amashuri yigenga atanga serivisi zirenze izitangwa mu mashuri ya leta, ni ikintu cyiza cyane dukwiye no gukomeza gushyigikira kubera ko bituma ababyeyi bagira amahitamo.

Niba umwana wanjye atagiye mu mashuri ya leta nkaba nzi ko hari n’ahandi namushyira akaba yabona serivisi zisa n’izitangwa mu mashuri ya leta cyangwa zirenzeho, mbifitiye ubushobozi, nta kibazo kirimo.

IGIHE: Raporo y’Umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari ya Leta mu mwaka wa 2022, yagaragaje amashuri akigaragaramo ubucucike bw’abanyeshuri kugeza kuri 77 mu ishuri rimwe. Habura ubushobozi bungana iki ngo haboneke ibyumba by’amashuri bihagije?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Ubucucike mu mashuri bwaragabanutse cyane mu myaka yashize kuko habayeho gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka ibyumba byinshi.

Kuva mu 2020, hiyongereyeho amashuri mashya 650, ibyumba by’amashuri birenga 22.500. Byagabanyije ubucucike n’ingendo abana bakora bajya cyangwa bava ku ishuri.

Icyo gihe ubucucike bwari ku banyeshuri 72 mu ishuri, ubu tugeze kuri 59. Ni umubare munini wagabanutseho ariko twifuza kugera kuri 46. Murumva ko hakiri urwo rugendo.

Buri mwaka hari umubare w’amashuri runaka yubakwa. Niba twaravuye kuri twaravuye kuri 72 tukagera kuri 59 twubatse amashuri 650, bivuze ko kuva kuri 59 kugera kuri 46 hakenewe ibyenda kungana n’ibyashyizwemo mu mwaka wa 2020.

Kugabanya ubucike ni urugendo ariko hari n’ikindi kibazo tugomba gukuraho cyitwa ‘ingunga ebyiri’ kugira ngo abanyeshuri babashe kwiga amasaha yose yagenwe akava hagati ya 400 na 500 akagera hagati ya 800 na 1000.

IGIHE: Mu myigishirize y’amasomo ya siyansi hamaze kuboneka laboratwari zingana iki hamwe n’ibikoresho byazo?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Intego twari dufite ni ukugira 60% by’amashuri yigisha siyansi kuba afite laboratwari n’ibikoresho, ubu ntabwo twari twabigeraho, turi munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri.

Ni imbogamizi tugifite mu myigishirize ya siyansi ariko hari ibindi bisubizo twagiye dushaka. Hari ibyo twita ‘science Kits’ bivuze ibikoresho byose biri mu nteganyanyigisho abanyeshuri bakabikoresha mu mashuri, izo ‘science kits’ zo tuzigura buri mwaka.

Ni ukuvuga ko niba hari umwaka tutubaka laboratwari, nta mwaka tutongera ibyo bikoresho. Ariko kugira ngo twigishe siyansi neza tuzakomeza gushaka uko laboratwari ziyongera.

IGIHE: Bivugwa ko ibizamini bya leta bisoza amashuri abanza bizakurwaho, niba ari ukuri bizakorwa ryari? Kubera iki?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Njye ayo makuru ntayo nzi. Dufite ibizamini bisoza ibyiciro, ni ukuvuga umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri abanza, icyiciro rusange ndetse n’umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye. Bidufasha mu bintu byinshi. Icya mbere bidufasha mu isuzuma ry’integanyanyigisho tugenderaho kugira ngo turebe ngo ese duhagaze gute, ese abanyeshuri turi kubaha ibyo tubagomba?

Ibyo ni ibizamini by’ingenzi, kuba byagumaho ni ibintu bidashidikanywaho ariko igikorwa ni uko bigomba kugenda binozwa.

IGIHE: Hari abanyeshuri bagaragaza ko bagira amanota menshi mu bizamini bisoza icyiciro cya mbere cy’ayisumbuye, mu mwaka wa kane bagahabwa kwiga amasomo ya TVET, abafite make bakoherezwa muri Siyansi. Kubera iki amahitamo y’umunyeshuri ashyirwa ku ruhande?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Iyo abanyeshuri bageze mu mwaka wa gatatu bahabwa amahirwe yo guhitamo amasomo bifuza kujya kwiga n’aho aherereye.

Iyo tumaze gutanga amanota tugenda duha umwanya umunyeshuri aho yahisemo duhereye ku barushije abandi.

Uko urusha abandi ni ko ugenda ugira amahirwe yo kujya kwiga icyo wahisemo n’aho wagihisemo bikagenda bimanuka uhereye aho ngaho.

Ushobora kwibaza ngo ‘ese hari umunyeshuri ushobora guhabwa ‘combination’ atahisemo?’ Yego birashoboka bitewe n’ukuntu tuba twakoze isesengura rigaragaza ngo abanyeshuri twifuza kugira muri tekiniki ni bangahe, abo twifuza muri siyansi ni bangahe?

IGIHE: Byagenze bite ngo abiga muri Rwanda Coding Academy batangire kwishyuzwa?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Rwanda Coding Academy ni rimwe mu mashuri meza. Ni ikintu cyiza twakoze ko habaho ishuri ryihariye ryigisha ikoranabuhanga ndetse tuzakomeza kureba n’izindi porogaramu nziza abanyeshuri bacu bakwiga.

Ariko izo porogaramu nubwo zabaho, uruhare rw’umubyeyi buri gihe ni ngombwa. Abiga muri Rwanda Coding Academy biga bafite n’akazi kubera ubwiza bw’amasomo n’uburyo bayiga neza, tukaba twumva nta mpamvu ababyeyi batatanga uruhare rwabo.

Tuzakomeza rero no gushyiraho amashuri nk’ayo ngayo ariko buri shuri tuzajya dushyiraho tuzajya dusaba umubyeyi uruhare rwe. Bitewe n’uko ishuri ryatangiye hari harakuweho uruhare rw’umubyeyi ariko ubu aho bigeze ntabwo tubona impamvu umunyeshuri wiga mu ishuri iryo ari ryo ryose bitaba ngombwa ko atanga uruhare rwe. Urwo ruhare rungana n’urwo mu yandi mashuri yose acumbikira abanyeshuri.

IGIHE: Abanyeshuri bafite ubumuga bukomatanyije [abatabona, batumva, batanavuga] bazaba abande ko mu Rwanda nta shuri ryabo rihari kugeza ubu?

Minisitiri Twagirayezu: Turacyafite urugendo rwo kugira ngo tube twafasha abana bose bafite ubumuga.
Icya mbere twashyizeho ni gahunda y’uburezi budaheza yo gufasha amashuri yacu ngo abana bafite ubumuga babe bakwitabwaho mu mashuri asanzwe.

Abarimu biga mu nderabarezi bahabwa ubushobozi bwo kuba bafasha abo bana ariko hari ababa bafite ibibazo bisaba ko bitabwaho mu buryo bwihariye. Abo hari amashuri amwe abafasha, ikibazo gihari ni uko amenshi ari ayigenga. Icyo turi gukora ni ukuyashakira ubufasha bwihariye kugira ngo n’abana badafite ubuhsobozi babe babasha kuyigamo.