Mu kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 20 yo kwibohora k’u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda batatu barwanye mu gisirikare cya FPR Inkotanyi batanze ubuhamya bw’uko bafashe icyemezo kidakuka cyo gusanga abandi basore ku rugamba mu gihe bari basize imiryango yabo, amashuri n’ibindi bakundaga bijyanye n’ikigero barimo cy’ ubusore bwabo.
Kagabo Théophile, Rwigema Emery na Ntavyo Arthur bagiye ku rugamba rwo kwibohora baturutse mu bihugu bitatu bitandukanye (U Rwanda, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’u Burundi) bahuje umugambi umwe.
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, buri wese arivugira mu magambo ye uko yahagurutse akajya ku rugamba.
Kagabo Théophile
Ikintu gikomeye cyatumye njya ku rugamba ni akarengane twabagamo mu Rwanda. Nari umunyeshuri wiga neza, mfite amanota meza, ariko ndatotezwa cyane, natsindira kujya kwiga amashuri makuru ya leta umwanya wanjye ugahabwa abandi kubera ko nari Umututsi, ni bwo ngiye mu mashuri yigenga ariko nabwo ntibaburaga kudukurikiranayo batubuza gukora ibizamini bya leta byo guhindura ibigo (Examens de reclassement).
Mu mwaka wa 1989 nari maze kugira imyaka 19. Namenye ko FPR- Inkotanyi irimo gutegura urugamba rwo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe, nkimara kubyumva nahise numva naratanzwe, kuko numvaga ngomba gufatanya n’abandi tukarandura ibyo bitekerezo n’ibikorwa bibi twabonaga bibangamira Abanyarwanda, ari ababaga mu gihugu n’ababaga mu mahanga.
Nakuze nigana n’abandi bana, dukina numva ko tumeze kimwe, ariko hageze igihe turi mu ishuri abarimu bakajya baduhagarika bakurikije amoko yanditse mu ndangamuntu z’ababyeyi bacu. Ibyo twarabimenyereye, ariko byageze igihe cyo kwiga amashuri yisumbuye birushaho kutugiraho ingaruka mbi. Natangiye umwaka wa mbere w’amashuri abanza ndinda ndangiza uwa 8 ntaragira amanota ari munsi ya 80%, sinigeze mba n’uwa 2 mu manota. Naje kujya mu ishuri ryigenga, ngejeje igihe cyo gukora ibizami byo kwimurirwa ahandi, ariko icyaje kuntangaza ni ukuntu natsinzwe ibizami bya leta, hagatsinda abari inyuma yanjye, njye nkabura ishuri nzira ubwoko bwanjye.
Ariko nabyo sinabitinzeho cyane, naje kwibaza ko naba natsinzwe kuko nabyo byarashobokaga. Nyuma mu mashuri ya Leta bitaga niho nahuye n’uwari ushinzwe uburezi mu Kagali ka Kigali ansobanurira ko ntashobora kwiga mu ishuri rya Leta ndi Umututsi.
Nari kumwe na mugenzi wanjye wandushaga imyaka akaba yari afite n’amafaranga, agerageza kumuhongera ngo andeke ntambuke, umugabo aratsemba ati «Amafaranga y’abatutsi siyo azabajyana mu ijuru».
Icyo gihe hari mu mwaka wa 1989 nkaba nari maze kugira imyaka 19. Namenye ko FPR- Inkotanyi irimo gutegura urugamba rwo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe, nkimara kubyumva nahise numva naratanzwe, kuko numvaga ngomba gufatanya n’abandi tukarandura ibyo bitekerezo n’ibikorwa bibi twabonaga bibangamira Abanyarwanda, ari ababaga mu gihugu n’ababaga mu mahanga.
MU kwezi k’ Ukwakira 1990, nyuma y’iminsi itatu gusa FPR- Inkotanyi n’ingabo zayo APR zigabye igitero, abanyeshuri bigaga mu ishuri ryigenga rya APACOPE ry’i Kigali ndetse n’abandi benshi twahagiriye ingorane zikomeye. Ndibuka mu ijoro ryo kuwa 4 rishyira uwa 5 Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka, abasirikare n’abajandarume baraye barasa mu mujyi, bukeye bashyiraho amategeko akaze nk’ayo mu ntambara, babuza abantu kugendana barenze 2, bashyiraho ahantu henshi ho kugenzura ibyangombwa, bafunga imihanda yinjira mu mujyi ndetse batangira no gusaka mu mazu ngo bashaka ibyitso by’Inkotanyi cyangwa se inkotanyi zaba zinjiye mu mujyi imbere.
Nyuma y’isakwa rikomeye twakorewe ku ishuri n’ifungwa rya bamwe muri bagenzi bacu n’abatwigishaga, twatangiye gucura imigambi yo gutoroka tukareba ukuntu twasanga Inkotanyi aho zari ku rugamba.
Ntibyatworoheye na gato kuko ntitwagombaga kubiganira, kumenya abo muhuza umugambi byari bikomeye, ariko byaje kugerwaho. Mu mwaka wa 1991 nibwo njye n’abandi banyeshuri twiganaga 2 n’undi wigaga mu kigo cyo mu Rugunga twafashe inzira twerekeza iya Zaïre (Congo) duciye muri Ntara ya Kivu. Aha sinabona umwanya wo kurondora ibyo twahuye nabyo mu nzira kuko hari bamwe bafunzwe abandi baricwa, ariko amaherezo abasigaye twakomeje urugendo twiyemeza kudasubira inyuma. Twanyuze mu bihugu bitatu bikikije u Rwanda kugira ngo tugere ku rugerero.
Urugendo rwanjye na bagenzi banjye twagiye duhurira ahantu hatandukanye kubera imikorere myiza y’abanyamuryango ba FPR-Inkotanyi bagendaga batwakira hirya no hino, bakatwitaho kugeza baduhererekanyije n’abandi, rwatubereye rurerure cyane ku buryo rwadufashe hafi umwaka muzima.
Tumaze gukora imyitozo twahise dusanga bagenzi bacu imbere, njye nahageze abari imbere yacu bamaze gufata agace kanini k’Umutara ahari amakomine ya za Kiyombe, Kivuye, Mukarange n’ahandi. Nyuma y’Umutara naje kwimurirwa mu Karere ka Butaro mu Ruhengeri aho twari tumaze kwigarurira agace kanini k’Amajyaruguru.
Ubu mfite uburenganzira bwo kujya aho nshaka haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga, kandi ibyo cyera ntibyashobokaga. Nagiye ku rugamba niga mu mwaka wa kane w’amashuri yisumbuye, ariko nyuma rurangiye, mu 1996 nabashije gukomeza amashuri yisumbuye ndetse n’amakuru nkaba narakomeje no kwiga i Burayi. Ibyo byose rero mbikesha za ngufu twakoresheje mu kwibohora no kubohora abandi Banyarwanda benshi bari bararenganyijwe n’ubutegetsi bubi bwagiye busimburana mu gihugu cyacu. Ku giti cyanjye n’ubwo nageze mu gihugu ngasanga umuryango wanjye wose waratsembwe muri jenosie yakorewe Abatutsi, iwacu mu rugo twari 10 ntabariyemo imiryango ya hafi y’ababyeyi banjye.
Ubwo mperutse mu Rwanda muri 2012, nabonye ukuntu abaturage bahobera ingabo, baziganiriza aho ziba ziri ku kazi, nkareba ukuntu zitonze nta muturage zihutaza, byaranshimishije nsanga bwa burere twahawe bukomeje kugira akamaro.
Sinarangiza ntashimiye Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) N’umugaba mukuru wazo n’abamwungirije bose, n’inzego za polisi n’izindi nzego zirebana n’umutekano, muzabukomeze mubere u Rwanda inkingi itajegajega amateka mabi u Rwanda rwaciyemo ntazongere kubaho ukundi.
Rwigema Emery
Nkubwije ukuri nta kintu kibi nko gukura witwa impunzi kandi ko nta burenganzira ufite bwo kujya mu gihugu cyawe. Twakuze tubona ababyeyi bacu bafite akababaro nubwo bageragezaga kuduha uburere bw’umwana w’Umunyarwanda no kudukundisha igihugu cyacu kavukire ariko tukababazwa no kucyumva tutakibona.
Maze kumenya ko FPR yatangiye ibikora by’urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, icyo gihe nari umunyeshuri muri kaminuza, mfite imbaraga n’ibitekerezo bijyanye n’ibyasabwaga ngo habeho gufatanya n’abandi urugamba icyo gihe nari mfite imyaka 23 nturutse muri RDC.
Iyi sabukuru y’imyaka 20 yo kwibohora ni urwibutso rukomeye ku byo twaharaniye njye na bagenzi banjye benshi, bamwe bahasize ubuzima bwabo, ndabibuka buri munsi kandi amaraso batanze azakomeze abere urubyiruko rw’u Rwanda uburyo bwo gukomeza kwiteza imbere rwihesha agaciro mu ruhando rw’amahanga kuko ari cyo kwibohora bivuze uyu munsi.
Urugamba narwanye kandi ntirwari amasasu gusa ahubwo niyumvisemo ubunyarwanda no gukunda igihugu mu buryo bukomeye kandi numva ni cyo bivuze kurushaho. Nahuye n’abasore n’inkumi z’Abanyarwanda bari baturutse hirya no hino ku isi, bavuga indimi zitandukanye barimo amako yose, aho byabereye igitangaza kuko nari nzi ko ngiye mu Batutsi gusa ahubwo nisanga mu Banyarwanda aho mu "Kitamaduni" batwigishaga kuba Umunyarwanda mbere ya byose.
Navuye mu gisirikare cya RPA mu mwaka 1997 mfite ipeti rya Caporal aho nari narinjiye ku rugamba mu Gushyingo 1991.
Ntavyo Arthur
Nagiye ku rugamba mfite imyaka 18, nkaba nari nturutse i Burundi. Nagiye nshaka kurwanira ko buri wese yagira uburenganzira mu gihugu cye.
Igisirikare nakivuyemo mfite ipeti rya Caporal mu mwaka wa 1995.
Muri make, icyo gitekerezo cyangiyemo kuva FPR yinjira mu Rwanda tariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990. Nibwo nakomeje gukurikirana amakuru y’urugamba.
Icyo navuga kuri iyi myaka 20 yo kwibohora mu Rwanda, nkanjye wari ku rugamba kugeza rurangiye, numva nishimye cyane kubona aho u Rwanda rugeze uyu munsi mu kwiteza imbere mu bukungu, umutekano n’ibindi. Nagiye mu Rwanda muri 2012 nari maze imyaka 16 ntarasubirayo, ngezeyo ntabwo nashobora kuvuga ibyishimo nari mfite byo kubona ibyo FPR Inkotanyi yagejeje ku Banyarwanda nyuma y’urugamba rwo kwibohora kandi n’ubu ibyiza biri imbere.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO