Abagera kuri 12% mu batuye isi bibarwa ko bafite amakoperative babarizwamo mu agera kuri miliyoni eshatu nk’uko byatangajwe muri raporo yo mu 2020 y’urwego rukurikirana iby’amakoperative ku isi (World Cooperative Monitor).

Muri ayo harimo agera kuri 300 akomeye kurusha ayandi afite imari shingiro ya miliyari 2.146 z’amadolari.

Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’amakoperative ryo rigaragaza ko amakoperative agira uruhare mu kubaka ubukungu buhamye no guhanga akazi aho abagera kuri miliyoni 280 babashije kubona akazi babikesha amakoperative; ni ukuvuga ko 10% by’abafite akazi ku isi.

Mu myaka nk’ibiri ishize ubwo u Rwanda rwakiraga inama mpuzamahanga yigaga ku ruhare rw’amakoperative mu iterambere ry’ibihugu, Ambasaderi uhagarariye Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu Rwanda, Nicola Bellomo yavuze ko amakoperative ari mu byatumye umugabane w’u Burayi wihuta mu iterambere.

Mu Rwanda urwego rw’amakoperative rwatangiye gushyirwamo ingufu zifasha abanyamuryango bayo gukora bunguka ahagana mu 2009.

Kuri ubu hari benshi bagizwe ‘abagabo’ no gukorera mu makoperative usanga mu nzego zirimo ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, imari, serivisi n’izindi.

Nubwo bimeze bityo koperative zo mu Rwanda zakunze kuvugwamo ibibazo birimo ibyo kunyereza umutungo, imiyoborere mibi, ubujura n’ibindi bidindiza icyerekezo zashingiwe.

Mu kiganiro kirambuye IGIHE yagiranye n’Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Amakoperative (Rwanda Cooperative Agency: RCA), Prof. Harelimana Jean Bosco, yasobanuye icyerekezo cy’urwego ahagarariye.

Uko bucyeye n’uko bwije amakoperative mashya aravuka ariko bishoboka ko hari n’afunga imiryango. Waduha ishusho y’uru rwego mu Rwanda n’uruhare rufite muri gahunda yo guhanga imirimo nk’uko rwari rubyitezweho muri NST1?

Kugeza ubu dufite amakoperative arenga 10.465 mu Rwanda arimo abanyamuryango barenga gato miliyoni 5,3. Ari mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu haba mu buhinzi, ubworozi, ubucuruzi, ubwikorezi na serivisi.

Kugeza ubu amakoperative afite imari shingiro ya miliyari 53 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’ubwizigame burenga gato miliyari 108. Dufite amakoperative 437 acuruza imari arimo imirenge SACCO 416.

Iyo witegereje usanga urwego rw’amakoperative rufite ikintu kigaragara rutera inkunga ku mizamukire y’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’Abanyarwanda kandi rwateye imbere kuva mu 2009 hashyirwamo imbaraga n’umurongo ugaragara kugira ngo abantu bakorere hamwe kandi bunguka. Turi urwego rutanga akazi kenshi mu bikorera.

Uvuga iki ku mvugo zirimo ko ibyiza by’amakoperative byiharirwa n’abayobozi bayo, ko rimwe na rimwe RCA yitabazwa n’abanyamuryango iyo byagaragaye ko umutungo wabo wacunzwe nabi ikabatenguha?

Muri rusange guhera mu 2005 nta mafaranga menshi yari mu makoperative ariko abantu barakoze barunguka ubu arahari menshi. Ubundi koperative iyoborwa n’uwo abanyamuryango bihitiyemo w’inyangamugayo ufite icyerekezo gihura n’icyo koperative iba yarashingiwe.

Iyo bitabaye ibyo ni ha handi uzasanga hari uwayifashe bugwate, uwayigize akarima ke cyangwa iy’umuryango.

Iyo bimenyekanye nta kindi dukora uretse gufasha koperative kuvanaho abayobozi babi baba bigize akari aha kajyahe kandi burya komite nyobozi n’abagenzuzi bose ni abanyamuryango mu bandi. Iyo badakoze inshingano zabo neza baba bari kuganisha koperative ahabi. Ariko icyo dushima ni uko aho twabibonye twabirwanyije birasobanuka ahandi tubijyana mu butabera.

Dutanze imibare, muri ayo makoperative ibihumbi 10, agera kuri 1% ni yo arimo ibyo bibazo. Ni uko ahabonetse inkuru itavuga ibyiza ari yo abantu bagurukiraho ariko ugiye mu byakozwe neza ni byo wabona ko ari byinshi.

Uyu munsi dufite amakoperative y’abahinzi b’umuceri bagabana inyungu buri kwezi kwa gatatu. Ufashe nka Koperative yitwa Cooproriz Ntende usanga yarateye imbere. Uretse ubuhinzi bw’umuceri bafite hoteli y’inyenyeri ebyiri n’umushinga w’ubworozi bw’inkoko abanyamuryango bafitemo inyungu.

Dufite amakoperative y’abamotari yabafashije kubona moto nshya. Koperative ikishingira umumotari muri banki cyangwa kuri abo baba bafitanye amasezerano basanzwe bazana moto mu gihugu. Ibyo ni ibintu twagiye tubona hirya no hino mu gihugu utavuga ko mu makoperative harimo byacitse gusa.

Koperative hari abantu bazivuga imyato kubera ko bazinyuzemo uyu munsi bakaba barabaye abacuruzi bakomeye, abahinzi bahingira isoko ari uko bavomye inararibonye mu gukorera hamwe.

Abayobozi b’amakoperative bahaniwe kunyereza cyangwa gukoresha nabi umutungo w’abanyamuryango bangana iki?

Ngira ngo ubu dufite abantu 442 barimo abayobozi n’abacungamutungo bagiye bacunga nabi imari n’umutungo bya koperative. Dufatanyije n’inzego z’ubutabera hari abo imanza zarangiye barakatirwa ariko bagarura n’umutungo banyereje muri koperative.

Hari abandi bakiri mu butabera ariko igihari ni uko tutazihanganira umuntu wakinishije umutungo w’abantu bishyize hamwe. Aho tubibonye icya mbere ni uko umuyobozi avaho kandi agakurikiranwa. Ntituzabijenjekera, nta n’ubitwibutsa, ni inshingano.

Ni akazi dufite kandi ni n’umurongo uganisha ku gutuma abenegihugu bishimira ibyo barimo ntihagire ba rusahurira mu nduru baza gutuma gahunda nziza yari kuzageza abayinyuzemo ku iterambere rirambye nk’uko babirotaga. Kugira ngo bibe ukuri bidakomeza kuba inzozi ni uko tuyirinda.

Umutungo wari waranyerejwe hanyuma ukagaruzwa wo ungana iki?

Nko muri 2020 twabaraga miliyari 10 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda zari zaranyerejwe ariko miliyari esheshatu zaragarujwe izindi na zo turi gukora uko dushoboye ngo dukurikirane.

Icyo twabwira Abanyarwanda ni ukureka gukomeza gukinisha amafaranga ya koperative bibwira ko atagira gikurikirana bayanyerza cyangwa bayacunga nabi. Tuzabakurikirana kandi na bo bibagireho ingaruka mu buryo ubu n’ubu.

RCA ikorana ite n’inzego z’ibanze mu gukemura ibibazo by’amakoperative no kubungabunga iterambere ryayo?

Inzego z’ibanze turakorana kandi mu buryo bwuzuzanya kuko ni zo zegerereye abaturage. Ibibazo bijya kutugeraho ari uko mu nzego z’ibanze babonye ko bigiye gutangira gusaba kubahiriza amategeko ariko ubundi akazi k’ibanze gakorwa n’inzego z’ibanze.

RCA n’inzego z’ibanze bahuriye ku iterambere ry’umuturage kandi umuturage uri muri koperative tuzi neza ko iyo afatanyije n’abandi yihuta haba mu myumvire mu iterambere ry’ubukungu no kubana n’abandi neza.

Ugiye mu Gakiriro ka Gisozi, hari inzu z’amakoperative. Sinkeka ko umwe muri bariya bashoramari yari yarigeze atekereza ko yaba umwe mu banyamigabane. Hari uburyo amakoperative yagiye ahindura ahantu hagahinduka.

Ugiye ku Mashyirahamwe Nyabugogo, ni amakoperative yatinyuye abantu n’abandi bafite imari babona ko bishoboka. Ni byinshi twakwishimira twagezeho twakwishimira mu gihe tumaze dukorera mu makoperative.

Ni byo hari koperative zateye imbere mu buryo bugaragara, izahombye cyangwa izafunze imiryango zo zingana iki?

Muri Covid-19 twakoze umwitozo wo kureba koperative zahuye n’ibibazo. Icyo gihe twari dufite koperative 10.091 dusangamo 128 zagize ikibazo. Nk’abacuruzaga imyenda n’abandi bari muri za serivisi zitihutirwa bagize ikibazo.

Nk’uko n’ubundi bukungu muri rusange bwagize ikibazo no mu muryango wacu w’amakoperative byarabaye. Hari abasubiye inyuma ariko barakomeza barakora ariko nk’ayo 128 twayahuje na BDF kugira ngo babone inkunga muri cya kigega nzahurabukungu kandi byarakozwe.

Mu makoperative y’abahinzi hakunze kuvugwa ibibazo by’abeza bakabura isoko ry’umusaruro bikagusha abanyamuryango mu bihombo. RCA nta ruhare igira mu guhuza amakoperative n’amasoko?

Buriya inzego z’amakoperative zubatse neza. Muzakunda kumva hari amakoperative y’ibanze ndetse n’afite ihuriro. Buriya Ihuriro nta kindi ishinzwe, ni ugushakira amasoko abayibumbiyemo kugira ngo bagire imbaraga zirenze izo kuba ari koperative imwe.

Akenshi izi nzego kubera kudakora neza, ni yo mpamvu usanga hari igihe bejeje bakabura isoko ariko ibyo tubihuriraho n’izindi nzego tugakora uko dushoboye umuhinzi ntabure isoko. Ikindi ni no gusaranganya umusaruro wabonetse kuko ushobora gusanga bavuga ko ibirayi ari byinshi muri Musanze na Rubavu, Nyabihu na Burera wagera i Rusizi cyangwa Huye ugasanga nta kirayi kiriyo. Turabikora kugira ngo ahari ikibazo umusaruro babe ari ho bawerekeza.

Hari aho bivugwa ko abanyamuryango b’amakoperative y’ubuhinzi basabwa kugemura umusaruro koperative zikaba ari zo zibagenera uwo bajya gukoresha mu ngo. Ibyo birakwiye?

Nta wusagurira isoko atariye. Haba mu bahinzi b’umuceri babanza kuvuga umuceri bazakenera ukajya ku ruganda bakawutunganya ukamugarukira.

Urenzeho ni wo urenzeho ugahuzwa n’uw’abandi noneho ukazamugarukira ari amafaranga. Ni ko bigenda mu birayi, mu bigori yewe no ku borozi ntabwo ushobora kujyana amata ku isoko iwawe utayanywa.

Ntabwo ibyo byemewe twabitanzeho umurongo. Tubikorera n’ubukangurambaga wenda bizakomeza. Kirazira kikaziririzwa ko umuhinzi w’umuceri na we yawubona awuguze nk’uko n’abandi bose bawugura.

Umunyamuryango abanza kwerekana uwo azarya ukamugeraho mbere usigaye ni wo ujyanwa ku isoko kugira ngo n’abandi batawuhinga bazabone uwo bagura.

Mu gihe hariho inkubiri y’ubujura mu Mirenge SACCO byavuzwe ko imicungire y’umutekano wayo yarimo intege nke kuko hakoreshwaga inkoni mu gihe ibindi bigo by’imari n’amabanki birindishwa imbunda. Ibyo RCA nta cyemezo ibifataho?

Nimukurikirana neza murasanga ubu Imirenge SACCO yose irinzwe nk’uko ibindi bigo by’imari byose birinzwe.

Na yo irinzwe n’abafite imbunda ariko n’izitarinzwe n’abafite imbunda hafi yazo hari polisi kuko nk’uko mubizi ibi bigo by’Imirenge SACCO ibyinshi bikorera hafi y’ahakorera inzego za leta. Muri iyi minsi nta n’ahibwa muri ubwo buryo, byabaye amateka kuko byarakosotse.

Gahunda yo guhuza Imirenge SACCO igakora ‘Cooperative Bank’ igeze he?

Kugeza ubu ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali, SACCO zose zimaze gushyirwamo ikoranabuhanga, turateganya ko iki cyorezo nikigenza make n’ahandi bizakurikiraho bikagenda byihuta.

Abamotari baherutse kwigaragambya bamagana ikoreshwa rya mubazi bavuga ko zije kubatwara amafaranga yiyongera ku yo batanga muri koperative atabagarukira. Iki kibazo RCA ikivugaho iki?

Uriya musanzu abamotari bavuga unyura mu nteko rusange zabo, abavuga ko ntacyo umaze barimo n’abakora badafite ibyangombwa kandi abo ni benshi.

Kugeza ubu dufite ibihumbi 46 by’abamotari mu gihugu hose n’ibihumbi 26 ku rwego rw’Umujyi wa Kigali. Nko muri Kigali abanditse bemewe na RURA ni ibihumbi 19.300. Ni ukuvuga ko hari 7000 bakora badafite ibyangombwa byuzuye.

Ni bo barwanya gahunda ya mubazi kandi mubazi zibafitiye akamaro. Icya mbere ituma batongera guhendwa ku rugendo kandi bizatuma n’amabanki abagirira icyizere. Mu gukoresha mubazi bizatuma hamenyekana amafaranga umumotari yinjiza ku buryo agiye kuri banki akerekana iyo ‘historique’ banki ishobora kumugiirira icyizere ikaguha amafaranga kuko benshi ntabwo baba bafiye ayo mahirwe nubwo baba bamaze imyaka 10 batwara.

Mu musanzu wa 5000 Frw batanga muri koperative haba harimo 1500 Frw bishyurirwa muri EJO HEZA na 1000 Frw bashyira hamwe ngo bazishyure mituweli. Harimo amafaranga bishyura abasekirite. Uyu musanzu kandi ni wo bahembamo umucungamutungo wabo hakavamo n’ubukode bw’inzu ku batagira aho bakorera.

Mu by’ukuri 5000 Frw bose baramutse bayatanze bose ukurikije imibare dufite yakagabanutse akaba nka 2000 Frw. Igituma mu bamotari hakunze kuvugwa imisanzu ni uko batangira nta migabane shingiro batanze. Iyo baza kuba baratanze imigabane shingiro imisanzu ntiba ivugwa. Turi kureba uburyo byavugururwa iyi misanzu ikagabanuka bagatanga make ashoboka ariko birajyana no kureba uko havugururwa urwego rw’abamotari muri rusange tukareba uko umumotari uvuga ko atanga menshi aruhuka. Ni byinshi tuzakora kugira ngo ikimotari gitume bakora bunguka.