Uruhare rw’amakoperative mu iterambere ry’ibihugu ni inkuru isanzwe ahandi, kuko ibihugu byateye imbere cyane nk’u Buholandi, u Busuwisi, u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa n’ibindi byinshi, byashingiye ku iterambere ry’amakoperative ryagiye ryaguka, rikaza kuvamo ibigo by’imari binini ari nabyo bifashe ubukungu bw’ibyo bihugu magingo aya.

Urugero rworoshye ni nk’ikigo cya Credit Agricole cyo mu Bufaransa. Kuri ubu cyabaye kimwe mu bigo by’imari bikomeye ku Isi, nyamara cyahoze ari koperative yaje kwagurwa igera ku rwego rwo kugira umutungo wa miliyari 1800$ muri 2016.
U Rwanda na rwo ni igihugu kinyotewe n’iterambere, ku buryo amakoperative ahuza ibikorwa by’abaturage ari ingenzi cyane mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’iterambere igihugu cyihaye.

Ubukangurambaga bwo kubumbira abantu mu makoperative bwashyizwemo imbaraga mu ntangiriro za 2000, muri 2007 hashyirwaho itegeko rigenga amakoperative, naho ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere Amakoperative, RCA, kiza gutangiza gahunda yo gushishikariza abantu kwitabira gukorera mu makoperative, igikorwa cyamaze imyaka itanu, kuva 2013 kugera 2017.

Umusaruro wavuye muri ibyo bikorwa urashimishije, kuko kugeza ubu abagera kuri miliyoni 5 242 632 muri miliyoni 12.5 z’abanyarwanda bakorera mu makoperative.

Umubare wa koperative waragutse cyane kuko ubu zirenga 10 000, zigakoreramo abagera kuri 70% by’abanyarwanda bose bafite ubushobozi bwo gukora, nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere Amakoperative, RCA, kibitangaza.

N’ubwo hatewe intambwe ndende mu kuzamura urwego rw’amakoperative, ibibazo biyadindiza nabyo ni uruhuri. Bimwe muri ibyo, harimo imiyoborere idakwiriye, ibibazo by’ubumenyi buke ndetse n’ibibazo by’ihuzabikorwa n’imicungire y’umutungo. Harimo kandi ibibazo birimo kubona amasoko, kubona igishoro ndetse n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Mu rwego rwo kubikemura mu buryo burambye ndetse no gushoboza amakoperative gutanga umusaruro yakabaye atanga mu iterambere ry’igihugu, RCA yashyizeho gahunda ndende, igamije kuvugurura amakoperative no kuyateza imbere.

Ni gahunda y’imyaka itanu (2020 – 2025) ikazarangira amakoperative amaze kwiteza imbere ku buryo atanga umusaruro ku banyamuryango bayo ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange.

Iri vugurura rizavana amakoperative mu bigo bito biciriritse, afashwe kuzamuka agere ku rwego rw’ibigo by’imari binini bishobora gutanga akazi ku bantu benshi kandi bikazamura ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange.

Imiterere ya gahunda izavugurura imikorere y’amakoperative

Kugira ngo bigerweho, RCA n’ibindi bigo bafatanyije, bakoze gahunda y’igenamigambi y’imyaka itanu, izahindura burundu imikorere y’amakoperative nk’uko tuyizi ubu.

Ni gahunda izashingira ku bibazo by’amakoperative n’ubundi, ikagirwa n’inkingi enye z’ingenzi, zizaba zigamije gukemura ibyo bibazo.

Izo nkingi ni ugushyiraho imiyoborere myiza mu makoperative yose, haherewe no ku rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe amakoperative. Iyi nkingi izafasha amakoperative yose kugira imiyoborere ihamye, aho abanyamuryango bazahabwa ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo bigenga amakoperative, hakayobora ababifitiye ubushobozi bwa kinyamwuga mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuzamura umusaruro wa koperative.

Inkingi ya kabiri izaba ari uguhuza ibikorwa bya koperative n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa. RCA izatangiza uburyo abaterankunga n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bashaka gufasha koperative bazajya bayoborwa ku zibabaye kurusha izindi, ndetse bitewe n’inkunga umufatanyabikorwa azanye, koperative zikazajya zigenerwa hashingiwe ku cyo zikeneye kandi zitabonye.

Ibi bitandukanye n’uko byari bisanzwe bigenda, aho umufatanyabikorwa yashoboraga kwegera koperative ashaka rimwe na rimwe koperative zigikeneye ubufasha zikaburizwamo. Hari ubwo kandi koperative zahabwaga nk’amahugurwa y’imicungire y’umutungo kandi wenda zarayahawe, ahubwo ugasanga nk’amahugurwa yo gushaka amasoko bakeneye ntibayahawe.

Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufasha abaterankunga gutanga inkunga yabo aho ikenewe bizafasha koperative gusaranganya, izigikeneye kuzamurwa zibonereho n’izimaze gukomera zige kwigenza. Ibi kandi bizatuma habaho isuzumabikorwa ryoroshye, kuko ibi bikorwa byose bizajyana no kubika amakuru ndetse no kuyasesengura muri rusange.

Inkingi ya gatatu izaba ikubiyemo ubushakashatsi ndetse no kubaka ubushobozi bwa koperative. RCA ivuga ko amakoperative azarushaho guhugurwa mu ngeri zose, mu rwego rwo kongera ubumenyi bwayo.

Aya mahugurwa akazibanda ku miyoborere, kugira ngo abanyamuryango bamenye inshingano zabo ndetse n’uko bakwikemurira ibibazo. Harimo kandi guhugura koperative ku bigendanye n’ibyo zikora, hakabaho no gukurikirana amakoperative yahuguwe, kugira ngo hasuzumwe umusaruro.

RCA kandi ivuga ko izagerageza kongera amahugurwa y’abanyamuryango bagize amakoperative, bitandukanye n’ibyari bisanzwe aho abayobozi ba koperative ari bo bakundaga kwiharira amahirwe arimo amahugurwa, bikadindiza abandi banyamuryango.

Inkingi ya kane igizwe no gushyira koperative mu byiciro ndetse zigafashwa kuzamuka. Aha, RCA, izashyira amakoperative mu byiciro bitatu, ikinini, ikiringaniye ndetse n’igito. Buri koperative izaba ifite aho ibarizwa, bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo.

RCA n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bazaba bashinzwe gufasha koperative kuva mu cyiciro kimwe zikazamura urwego, ibyo bikazashoboka binyuze mu mavugurura y’imikorere ndetse n’imikoreshereze y’umutungo azakorwa muri koperative.

Koperative kandi na zo zigiye kujya zikorera ku mihigo, buri yose igire ibyo yiyemeza kuzubahiriza.

Asobanura kuri izo mpinduka, Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Amakoperative RCA, Prof. Jean Bosco Harelimana yagize ati “uku amakoperative yari yubatse, tugiye kuyashyira mu byiciro, bizerekana amakoperative manini akomeye, aho abagenzuzi ba RCA, cyangwa abigenga bazashyirwa ku rubuga bakagenzura koperative ibakeneye”.

Prof. Harelimana avuga ko RCA igiye gushyiraho amabwiriza asaba koperative gukorerwa igenzura ry’umutungo rimwe mu gihembwe, kandi ko ikigo ayoboye kizajya gihabwa ayo makuru kikayabika, kikanayasesengura.

Ingamba zizatuma imihigo yeswa

Kugira ngo izi mpinduka zigerweho, RCA n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bashyizeho ingamba zizafasha mu kugera kuri iyo ntego.

Zimwe muri izo ngamba harimo ikoranabuhanga ryitwa ‘Cooperative Information Management System (CIMS)’, rizagenzura imikorere ya koperative harebwa iterambere ryayo.

Ikoranabuhanga na ryo rizifashishwa cyane mu kurushaho kunoza serivise, ndetse no gufasha imicungire y’umutungo muri koperative ubwazo.
Prof Harelimana yagize ati “tugiye guhamagarira amakoperative yose gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ibyo bizatuma ya micungire y’intoki, gukoresha impapuro no gutanga serivise mu buryo butihuse, butanajyanye n’igihe bizakosoka”.

RCA kandi igiye kuvugurura uburyo yakira amakoperative, aho bugiye gushyirwa kuri internet. Ni mu gihe kandi ingamba zariho zo kugenzura ibyangombwa zizarushaho gukazwa, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko havuka amakoperative menshi ariko atagira umusaruro.

Prof. Harelimana yavuze ko ibi nibigerwaho, iterambere ry’igihugu rizabyungukiramo.

Yagize “turateganya ko abanyamuryango nibagira ubumenyi, imari yabo iziyongera, no kwizigama kwabo kwiyongere n’ishoramari ryiyongere. Ibyo rero bizagira ingaruka nziza ku bukungu bw’igihugu. Turamutse dushoboye gutuma bakora neza, bakorera hamwe kandi bunguka, nta kabuza byagira ingaruka nziza ku gihugu cyacu muri rusange”.
Yongeyeho ko amakoperative azaba isoko y’akazi ku rubyiruko rw’igihugu, nk’uko yari asanzwe atanga akazi. Yagize ati “n’ubundi azakomeza agatange kurushaho kubera ko azaba acunzwe neza, ayobowe neza [kandi yunguka], niyunguka azashora imari, iryo shoramari rihange imirimo mishya”.

Prof. Harelimana yabwiye IGIHE ko buri mwaka hari imirimo mishya izajya ihangwa n’amakoperative, dore ko azajya anakorera ku mihigo.

Iyi gahunda kandi iha ikaze abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga, aho bashobora kuba abanyamuryango ba koperative bihitiyemo.

Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubuziranenge, Harelimana avuga ko Ikigo cye kiri mu biganiro n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge, RSB, mu rwego rwo gushishikariza amakoperative gukora ibifite ubuziranenge, na cyane nka koperative z’ubuhinzi ari zo nyinshi mu gihugu, zihariye 16% bya koperative zose kandi inyinshi zikaba zitegura umusaruro zikawohereza ku isoko.

Yavuze ko ari ngombwa ko zigira ubuziranenge bufatika, kugira ngo zibashe guhangana ku isoko. RCA na RSB bakaba baratangije gahunda ya “Zamukana ubuziranenge” izafasha koperative kwita ku buzuranenge bw’ibyo zikora mu rwego rwo kubona isoko no gutera imbere.

Iyi gahunda y’imyaka itanu igenewe ingengo y’imari ifite agaciro ka miliyari 16.7 Frw.

Byitezwe ibintu byose nibigenda neza, hagati ya 2% na 5% bya koperative ziri mu gihugu zizajya zizamurirwa cyiciro buri mwaka, ibizarushaho gutuma koperative ziba umusemburo w’iterambere rirambye.

Prof. Harelimana Jean Bosco, avuga iyi gahunda izahindura imikorere y'amakoperative

Ni ibiganiro byitabiriwe n'inzego zose zifite aho zihuriye n'amakoperative

Habaye ibiganiro byagarutse ku cyo iyi gahunda izafasha amakoperative