Musenyeri Tutu ukomoka muri Afurika y’Epfo, yakuze yifuza kuba umuganga, nyuma yo gukira igituntu cyamuzahaje mu gihe cy’amezi 20, indwara yamufashe afite imyaka 14 gusa. Icyakora ubukene bw’umuryango we ntibwatumye abasha kubona amafaranga y’ishuri yari bumufashe kwishyura amashuri yigisha uwo mwuga, birangira yinjiye mu burezi, umwuga Leta yari ishyize imbere cyane icyo gihe.

Kuba umwarimu mu bihe by’ikandamizwa ry’Abirabura muri Afurika y’Epfo (Apartheid) ntabwo byari ikintu cyoroshye kuko byageze ubwo abana b’Abirabura bavangurwa n’abazungu mu 1957. Ibi byatumye Tutu wari ukiri umusore yamagana ibyo bikorwa ndetse anareka akazi ke nk’uburyo bwo kwigaragambya.

Nk’umwe mu birabura bacye bari bafite amashuri ya kaminuza ahagana mu 1960, Tutu ntabwo yabaye umushomeri cyane kuko yahise yinjira mu ivugabutumwa, atangira kuba Pasiteri mu Itorero rya Anglican aho muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Ibi yabikomatanyije n’ubuvugizi yakoreraga Abirabura, ibyatumaga arushaho kwangwa n’abazungu ariko agakundwa na bene wabo. Ubu buvugizi bwakomeje gukaza umurego kugeza ubwo ahagana mu 1980, yari umwe mu birabura bazwi cyane muri Afurika y’Epfo kubera ibikorwa bye.

Mu 1995, Nelson Mandela wari umaze kuba Perezida mu 1994, yaje guha Musenyeri Tutu inshingano zo kuyobora Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’Ubwiyunge, yari igamije kongera kubaka ubumwe bw’abanyagihugu bari bamaze igihe kinini barebana ay’ingwe.

Musenyeri Tutu yatabarije u Rwanda

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarimo kuba mu 1994, Musenyeri Tutu ni umwe mu majwi akomeye yumvikanye icyo gihe asaba ko umuryango mpuzamahanga uhagurukira ikibazo cy’u Rwanda ‘nk’uko wabigenje mu gucyemura ikibazo cya Afurika y’Epfo.’

Mu Ijambo yavugiye i Genève mu Busuwisi mu Nama ya Loni yiga ku Burenganzira bwa Muntu muri Gicurasi 1994, Musenyeri Tutu yatanze umuburo, avuga ko Isi idakwiye kwicara ngo irebere ibiri kubera mu Rwanda.

Icyo gihe yagize ati “Mu Rwanda turi kuhabona ibikorwa biteye ubwoba. Ntitugomba kwibagirwa amashusho y’abana babuze epfo na ruguru, kenshi bari guhohoterwa no kwicwa. Ntitugomba kandi kwibagirwa amashusho y’imirambo ireremba [yakunze kugaragara ku migezi n’ibiyaga].”

Ubwo Musenyeri Tutu yavugaga aya magambo, imbere y’imbaga y’abayobozi baturutse imihanda yose y’Isi, yumvikanaga nk’umuntu ufite icyizere cy’uko ubusabe bwe buzumvwa nk’uko byari byaragenze ku gihugu cye.

Ati “Nk’uko umuryango mpuzamahanga wagize uruhare mu guhindura ibintu muri Afurika y’Epfo, nizera ko, kandi iyi niyo ntego y’umuburo wanjye, umuryango mpuzamahanga ushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kurangiza [Jenoside iri kubera mu Rwanda].”

Uyu mugabo kandi yaje gusaba impande zitumvikana mu Rwanda “kwicarana ku meza y’ibiganiro zikarebera hamwe ibyo zitumvikanaho ku neza y’abaturage.”

Musenyeri Tutu yari asobanukiwe uburyo uruhare rw’umuryango mpuzamahanga rushobora gutuma leta zihindura imyitwarire idahwitse kuko Afurika y’Epfo yari yarakumiriwe mu bikorwa byinshi mpuzamahanga mu gihe cya Apartheid, birimo nk’Imikino Olempike yabaye hagati ya 1964 na 1988.

Ibi byaje byiyongera ku bihano by’ubukungu byose byarushagaho gutuma Leta yashyize mu bikorwa Apartheid isigarana amahitamo yo kubahiriza uburenganzira bw’Abirabura.

Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe umuryango mpuzamahanga watabaranye ingoga muri Afurika y’Epfo, siko byagenze mu Rwanda kuko uburangare bwawo bwatumye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni bicwa mu gihe cy’iminsi 100.

Muri Nyakanga 1995, uyu mugabo yaje gusura u Rwanda mu giterane cy’amatorero atandukanye cyari cyabereye kuri Stade Amahoro, aho yagiye gusura i Ntarama ya Bugesera, yabona amabi yahakorewe agafatwa n’ikiniga akarira.

Musenyeri Tutu yabaye nk’abandi bagendeye mu kigare

Uburyo Musenyeri Tutu yafataga u Rwanda mu bihe bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na nyuma yayo, byerekana neza ko yari asobanukiwe ibibazo u Rwanda rwari rumaze igihe gito runyuzemo, akumva imbaraga bizasaba kugira ngo rugere ku iterambere n’amahoro birambye ndetse agasobanukirwa inzira ndende bizacamo nk’umuntu wayoboye Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’Ubwiyunge.

Icyakora nk’abandi benshi, uyu mugabo yaje kugwa mu mutego w’abarwanya u Rwanda, bakunze kurugaragaza nk’igihugu kitubariza amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, kenshi ugasanga bikubiye mu mugambi muremure ugamije guharabika isura y’igihugu.

Ubuyobe bw’uyu mugabo bugaragara mu bufatanye yagiranye n’abarwanya ndetse bagasebya Leta y’u Rwanda, barimo n’umwanditsi uzwi cyane muri ibi bikorwa, Michela Wrong.

Mu gitabo yise ‘Do Not Disturb’ uyu mugore w’Umwongereza yifashishije Mesenyeri Tutu mu Ijambo ry’Ibanze, ryandikwa n’umuntu ukunze kuba ari umuhanga mu bijyanye n’ibiri mu gitabo kigiye kujya hanze, cyangwa se akaba ari umuntu ufite ubwamamare buhambaye ku buryo avuga rikijyana.

Kenshi uzasanga abantu bakomeye basabwa kwandika iri jambo ry’ibanze mu bitabo binyuranye, kuko iyo umwanditsi runaka agaragaje ko igitabo cye cyashimwe n’umuntu ukomeye, bicyongerera uburemere no kwizerwa, ku buryo niba kizagurishwa gishobora gusarura agatubutse.

Icyakora uzasanga benshi mu bantu bakomeye birinda kwandika ijambo ry’ibanze mu bitabo ibyo ari byo byose, kuko nabo bishobora kubangiriza izina mu gihe bari gusaba abantu gusoma igitabo kivuga ibinyoma.

Uyu niwo mutego Musenyeri Tutu yaguyemo kuko yanditse ‘Ijambo ry’Ibanze ry’igitabo ‘Do Not Disturb’, aho ashimira umuhate wa Wrong ndetse akanashishikariza abantu kugisoma, yirengagije ibinyoma byuzuyemo kandi byagaragajwe n’abashakashatsi barimo nka Dr. Jean Paul Kimonyo, wavuze ko iki gitabo gisimbuka amateka y’ingenzi, andi kikayirengagiza ari na byo bivamo ikinyoma kigamije guharabika Leta y’u Rwanda.

Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, yaragize ati “Urebye [Michela Wrong] agerageza kwerekana abantu batavuga rumwe n’u Rwanda nka Patrick Karegeya na Kayumba Nyamwasa, akerekana ukuntu umubano wabo n’abayobozi b’igihugu wagiye umera nabi. Urebye arabivuga akavuga n’abantu bafatanyije ba RNC. Ikintu kimwe cy’ingenzi kiriya gitabo kitavugishaho ukuri ntabwo yerekana uburyo bariya bantu bavuye mu Rwanda. Ni ikintu gikomeye ku mateka y’u Rwanda no ku mateka ya FPR.”

Mu Ijambo ry’Ibanze rya Musenyeri Tutu, avuga ko amahanga yifuje cyane ko u Rwanda rurenga ibihe bigoye rwanyuzemo bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yari nk’igisebo ku muryango mpuzamahanga watereranye u Rwanda ku buryo atigeze ashyira igitutu ku buyobozi bw’u Rwanda mu gihe bwarimo kwica amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Yagize ati “Isi yose yifuzaga kwizera igitangaza [cy’umuzuko] w’u Rwanda cyubatswe nyuma yo gusenywa n’amakimbirane y’amoko. Isi yose yirengagije amajwi make yagaragaje ko hari abatavuga rumwe na Leta bacecekeshwa binyuze mu gufungwa, gushimutwa no kwicwa urubozo.”

Yakomeje ashimagiza igitabo cya Wrong, avuga ko kigaragaza buri ntambwe yose, mu bijyanye no kwangiza uburenganzira bwa muntu, yirengagijwe mu rugendo rw’iterambere ry’u Rwanda.

Ukutamenya, impamvu y’umutego mutindi ushibukana nyirawo

Biragoye kwiyumvisha uburyo umugabo warwanye inkundura mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu, ari na we uhindukira akarwanya urundi ruhande, narwo rwanyuze mu bihe bikomeye kugira ngo rurengere uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na France24 mu 2019, Perezida Kagame yongeye gushimangira ko bitangaje uburyo iyo havugwa uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda, hirengagizwa ibyabaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, uruhare ibihugu bikomeye byayigizemo ndetse n’uburyo bimwe muri ibyo bihugu bigikingira ikibaba abayigizemo uruhare, nk’aho byo atari igice cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Umukuru w’Igihugu kandi yasobanuye ko bitumvikana uburyo u Rwanda rwateza imbere inzego z’uburezi, ubuzima n’izindi, maze rugashinjwa kwica amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi iryo terambere ari kimwe mu biyagize.

Ati “Nta kintu cyitwa uburenganzira bwa muntu kitarimo ibyo turi kuvugaho mu bijyanye n’iterambere, na byo bigize uburenganzira bwa muntu. Iterambere, amashuri, uburezi, [iterambere ry’urwego] rw’ubuzima, kwihaza mu biribwa…ikigero cy’ubukene cyagabanutseho hafi 60%. Aba bantu, twateje ubuzima [bwabo] imbere kandi nabo babigiramo uruhare.”

Mu kindi kiganiro Perezida Kagame yatanze mu Ihuriro rya Council on Foreign Affairs mu 2017, yasobanuye ko ari nk’igitutsi gushinjwa kwica amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi yaramaze igice kinini cy’ubuzima bwe ayaharanira.

Ati “Kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubuzima bwanjye, nabaga mu bihuru, ntazi niba ejo nzaba ndiho, sinigeze ndwanira kuba Perezida, byabaye nk’impanuka ndakeka. [Icyo gihe] narwaniraga uburenganzira bwanjye, ubwo ntigeze mpabwa n’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu uwo ari wo wose, ndetse n’ubu ukaba udashobora kubumpa cyangwa kubuha Abanyarwanda. Rero ni ibintu bitumvikana kuba umuntu yaba ari hariya avuga ko [tutubahiriza] uburenganzira bwa muntu. Njye nk’Umuyobozi w’Abanyarwanda, gushinjwa kwangiza uburenganzira bwabo, ni igitutsi kitumvikana.”

Umukuru w’Igihugu kandi yasobanuye ko igituma abantu cyane cyane abanyamahanga, bavuga ko uburenganzira bwa muntu butubahirizwa mu Rwanda, ari ukubera kutagira amakuru y’ibihabera.

Ati “Ibyo bamvugaho [byo kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu], cyangwa ibyo bavuga ku Rwanda iyo uri mu Rwanda, uri kumwe n’Abanyarwanda basanzwe, bakakubwira inkuru zabo, ntuzabona 0.001% by’ibyo bavuga.”

Uyu mutego wo kutamenya u Rwanda n’imiyoborere yarwo, ni na wo Musenyeri Tutu yaguyemo, kuko yabonye ibinyoma bya Wrong akabyemera atabanje gushishoza, nk’umuntu wari uzi aho u Rwanda rwavuye n’urugendo rwakoze kugira ngo rugere aho rugeze.

Birashoboka ko uku kutita ku makuru y’ukuri bishobora guterwa n’imbaraga nke Musenyeri Tutu yari afite mu masaziro ye, dore ko yari afite uburwayi yari amaranye imyaka 20, bityo bikaba byaragize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwe bwo kugenzura no gufata ibyemezo bikwiriye.

Musenyeri Tutu ni umugabo wamenyekanye cyane ku gutanga ibitekerezo bye ku ngingo zitandukanye, nubwo rimwe na rimwe zitavuzweho rumwe. Nko mu 2008, yamaganye u Bushinwa abushinja kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’abatuye mu Ntara ya Tibet.

Mu 2014, uyu mugabo nabwo yamaganye Israel, ayishinja kubangamira uburenganzira bwa Palestine. Musenyeri Tutu kandi ntiyavugaga rumwe n’abayobozi nka Thabo Mbeki na Jacob Zuma, mu gihe mu minsi ye ya nyuma yakunze kuvuga ko ashyigikiye uburenganzira bw’abaryamana bahuje ibitsina, ingingo yanenzweho cyane cyane n’abo bahuje ukwemera.

Icyakora uyu mugabo azanibukirwa ku buryo yamaganye ko ibihugu bya Afurika byikura mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICC), akirengagiza uburyo urwo Rukiko rusa nk’urukorera mu kwaha kw’ibihugu bikomeye mu gutsikamira ibihugu bya Afurika. Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo yatumye Abanyafurika benshi batangira kumutakariza icyizere.

Musenyeri Tutu ni umwe mu bantu bavugiye u Rwanda mu bihe bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ariko kubera kudakurikirana amakuru y'ibihabera yaje kugwa mu mutego wo kwifatanya n'abasebya Leta y'u Rwanda