Ntabwo bikunze kubaho ko urupfu rw’umuntu umwe rushegesha imbaga y’abantu benshi kuko usanga nubwo uwo muntu yaba yari afite akamaro cyane, kaba kazwi n’icyiciro cy’abantu bake bagirwaho ingaruka nziza n’ibikorwa bye, ariko iyi ntera ntigere ku rwego rw’Isi.

Icyakora hari ubwo ibikorwa by’umuntu bimugeza ku rwego amenywa na benshi, bikaba agahinda gakomeye iyo urupfu rutwaye ubuzima bw’iyo ntwari nk’uko biherutse kugenda kuri Dr. Paul Edward Farmer.

Uyu mugabo watabarutse ku myaka 62, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura imiterere y’ubuvuzi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, yigaragaza nk’umuntu utarajwe ishinga n’umutungo cyangwa ubuzima bwiza, ahubwo buri gihe agashyira imbaraga nyinshi mu gushaka ibisubizo ku bibazo by’ubuzima byiganje mu bihugu bikennye.

Farmer yavutse ku wa 26 Ukwakira 1959, avukira mu gace ka North Adams muri Leta ya Massachusetts muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Yavutse ari umwana wa kabiri muri batandatu. Umwe mu bavandimwe be, Jeff Farmer, yamenyekanye ku rwego rw’Isi mu mikino njyarugamba.

Mu mabyiruka ye, Dr. Farmer yakuriye mu buzima buciriritse, aho umuryango we utari wifashije, nubwo wabashaga kubona ibikenewe by’ibanze mu buzima. Nyina yari ashinzwe umutungo mu iguriro ryo mu gace kabo mu gihe se yari umucuruzi uciriritse ndetse aza no kuba umwarimu.

Ubwo Dr. Farmer yari afite imyaka 12 gusa, ubuzima bw’umuryango we bwarushijeho kugana habi biba ngombwa ngo wimukira mu modoka se yaguze, akayishyiramo ibikoresho by’ibanze birimo n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku buryo ari yo bari batuyemo.

Ibintu byarushijeho kugenda nabi ku buryo uyu muryango wisanze wagiye gukora akazi ko gusarura imbuto, ubusanzwe kari kihariwe n’abimukira. Muri aka kazi, Dr. Farmer yahuye n’abaturage benshi bakomoka muri Haiti, atangira kwiga ururimi rwa ’Creole’ bavugaga ndetse no gushaka kumenya amateka yabo mu buryo bwimbitse.

Muri uru rugendo, Dr. Farmer yasobanukiwe ko nubwo yari abayeho mu buzima atishimiye, hari abandi bantu benshi bari babayeho mu buzima buri munsi y’ubwe, ndetse hakaba n’abandi benshi babayeho mu buzima bubi kurushaho, kuko inkuru z’abo bimukira zahoraga zimubwira ko muri Haiti ibintu ari bibi kurushaho.

Mu magambo ye, Dr. Farmer yavuze ko iki gice cy’ubuzima bwe cyamwigishije kwicisha bugufi, ntaterwe isoni n’ubuzima ari kunyuramo ndetse akanafasha gukora ibishoboka byose mu gukemura ibibazo afite, kabone n’iyo byamusaba kuryama hasi no kwirirwa atariye.

Uyu mugabo yaje kujya kwiga amashuri yisumbuye mu ishuri rya Hernando High School aho yanabaye umuyobozi, ariko akanaba umuhanga cyane kuko yahakuye buruse yatumye ajya kwiga muri Kaminuza ya Duke, ibintu atari gukorerwa n’umuryango we kuko iri mu zihagazeho.

Muri iyi Kaminuza, Dr. Farmer yahisemo kwiga amasomo ajyanye n’ubuvuzi, ahitamo ‘Medical Anthropology’ ryigisha ibijyanye n’uburyo impamvu zirimo iza politiki, imibereho myiza n’amateka zishobora kugira uruhare mu burwayi.

Nyuma yaje gufata amezi atandatu ari gukarishya ubumenyi i Paris mu Bufaransa, asubira muri Amerika ashobora kuvuga Igifaransa, ubumenyi bwari buzamugirire akamaro mu myaka yari bukurikireho. Aha mu Bufaransa, yahigishirijwe na Claude Levi-Strauss uri mu barimu bakomeye cyane ba ‘Medical Anthropology’.

Asubiye muri Amerika, Dr. Farmer yaje gusoma inyandiko z’Umudage Rudolf Virchow zo mu Kinyajana cya 19, zarushagaho gushimangira ko hari izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibibazo by’ubuzima muri rusange.

Uyu mugabo wari Umukirisitu, yakunze kuvuga ko inshingano ze ari ugufasha abantu bari mu bihugu bikennye kubona serivisi z’ubuzima nk’uko abari mu bihugu bikize babasha kuzibona.

Nyuma yo gusoza amasomo ye muri Kaminuza ya Duke, Dr. Farmer yafashe amasomo y’igihe gito muri Kaminuza ya Pittsburgh, ayarangiza asaba uburenganzira bwo kuziga mu Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Kaminuza ya Harvard muri Amerika, aho riri mu mashuri akomeye ku rwego rw’Isi.

Iri shuri riri muri abiri yashobora gutanga impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga ku mpurirane y’amasomo y’ubuvuzi ndetse na ‘Medical Anthropology,’ binumvikanisha ko ihatana ryo kwinjira muri izi kaminuza ryari ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Urugendo rwahinduye imiterere y’urwego rw’ubuzima ku Isi

Mu gihe Dr. Farmer yasabaga kujya kwiga muri Harvard, yari yanasabye kujya gukora muri Haiti nk’umuganga w’umukorerabushake, abanza kubabazwa n’uburyo iki gihugu cyari mu bukene bukabije, ku buryo kubona serivisi z’ubuzima bitari byoroshye.

Muri ibyo bihe, Haiti yarimo guca mu bihe bikomeye birimo imyigaragambyo na ruswa yari yaramunze ubukungu bw’igihugu, ku uburyo umuturage ushaka kwivuza yagombaga kwishyura kuva ku turindantoki tw’abaganga kugera maraso ari buterwe n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Kubera ko Haiti yari mu bukene bukabije, abaturage benshi ntibari bafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ikiguzi kiri hejuru cy’ubuvuzi, ari na yo mpamvu indwara zirimo igituntu, malaria, typhoid n’izindi nka SIDA yari nshya muri ibyo bihe, zicaga abantu benshi cyane.

Mu gihe Dr. Farmer yari akiri muri Haiti, yakomeje gukora ingendo hirya no hino asura abaturage mu kureba imiterere y’ubuzima bwabo, aza kugera mu cyaro cya Cange kiri rwagati muri Haiti. Muri iki cyaro, nta serivisi z’ubuvuzi zari zihari, mu gihe abaturage babagaho mu bukene bukabije.

Muri iki cyaro, Dr. Farmer niho yahisemo gushinga ibiro bye, nyuma yo kubona ko ‘ari ho hantu akenewe cyane kurusha muri Amerika no mu Murwa Mukuru wa Haiti, Port-au-Prince.’

Uyu mugabo yifatanyije na Padiri Lafontant wari warashinze ishuri muri ako gace na Ophelia Dahl wari usanzwe ari umukorerabushake muri ako gace, bose bashinga Ivuriro rya Zanmi Lasante ryatangiranye rifite icyumba kimwe ariko ryita ku barwayi barenga ibihumbi 150.

Muri Haiti, ubuzima ntabwo bwari bworoheye Dr. Farmer na bagenzi be kuko uretse kugira Ivuriro, ibikoresho n’imiti bitari bihagije na busa, ibyatumaga uyu mugabo akora ingendo nyinshi mu rwego rwo gushaka inkunga.

Hagati aho, Harvard Medical School yaje kwakira Dr. Farmer aho yari agiye gukorera impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga. Ntabwo Dr. Farmer yahatinze kuko ibyo kwiyandikisha birangiye, yafashe ibitabo asubira muri Haiti, ubundi akajya agaruka muri Harvard aje gukora ibizamini no kwiga amasomo akenera laboratwari. Nubwo atari ku ishuri mu buryo buhoraho, Dr. Farmer yasoje ari umwe mu bafite amanota meza mu ishuri rye.

Mu 1987, yafatanyije na Ophelia Dahl bahuriye muri Haiti, Todd McCormack biganye muri Kaminuza ya Duke na Dr. Jim Yong Kim biganye muri Kaminuza ya Harvard, bashinga Umuryango Partners in Health (Inshuti mu Buzima).

Tom White wari warize muri Harvard akaba kuba umucuruzi, yaje gusoma inyandiko za Dr. Farmer anyurwa na zo cyane, yiyemeza gutera inkunga ibikorwa bye, aho yatanze miliyoni 1$ muri Partners in Health.

Nyuma yo kubona Impamyabumenyi y’Ikirenga mu 1990, Dr. Farmer yakomeje ibikorwa bye muri Haiti, aho yashyiraga imbaraga mu guhangana n’indwara zirimo igituntu cyari ku mwanya wa mbere mu kwica abantu benshi muri icyo gihugu. Mu gace ka Cange, aho Ivuriro rya Dr. Farmer ryari riri, ubwandu bw’igituntu bwaragabanutse cyane ku buryo cyari kimeze nk’icyazimiye burundu.

Ubwo icyorezo cya SIDA cyari kigeze muri Haiti, Dr. Farmer yaharaniye ko imiti yo kugabanya ubukana bwacyo igezwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere, aho bishobotse akiha intego yo kuyijyana urugo ku rundi asuzuma ko yahawe abayigenewe.

Uyu mugabo kandi yatangije uburyo bwo gukurikirana umurwayi ku giti cye binyuze ku muganga, inshuti y’umurwayi cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango. Ibi byagize ingaruka nziza kuko nk’abarwayi bari ku miti itandukanye bakomeje kuyifata, bituma ikigero cy’abaremba n’abicwa n’indwara z’ibyorezo kigabanuka. Ubu buryo bwaje gukoreshwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS, mu bihugu birenga 30 ku Isi.

Dr. Farmer yakomeje gushimangira ko bidashoboka kuvura indwara gusa wirengagije ibibazo bituma indwara zizahaza abantu, bityo ashyiraho uburyo bwo kubona amazi meza, ikintu cyagize ingaruka nziza kuko cyagabanyije indwara nka typhoid n’izindi ziterwa n’umwanda.

Dr. Farmer yabaye inshuti y’u Rwanda

Dr. Farmer yageze bwa mbere mu Rwanda mu 2005, aho yari atumiwe na Leta y’u Rwanda. Icyo gihe urwego rw’ubuzima rwari rukirimo kwiyubaka nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yasize isenye Igihugu. Icyo gihe ibikorwa bye byibandaga ku kurwanya icyorezo cya SIDA mu Rwanda.

Mu 2015, afatanyije n’inzobere z’abaganga, abaterankunga ndetse na Leta y’u Rwanda, uyu mugabo yagize uruhare mu itangizwa rya Kaminuza ya Butaro, aho yatangiye kwakira abanyeshuri biga mu ishuri ry’ubuvuzi mu 2019. Iyi Kaminuza inakorana n’ibitaro bya Butaro biri muri aho gace gaherereye mu cyaro.

Amakuru avuga ko Dr. Farmer wari umaze ukwezi mu Rwanda, yari afite gahunda yo kuhava yerekeza muri Sierra Leone. Icyakora ubwo yari i Butaro, bivugwa ko hari umurwayi wari urembye cyane Dr. Farmer yarimo kwitaho, akemera kwimura urugendo rwe kugira ngo akomeze kwita kuri uwo murwayi. Nubwo yakoze ibishoboka byose, uyu murwayi yaje kwitaba Imana, ikintu cyashinguye Dr. Farmer cyane.

Mu 2009, Farmer yagizwe Intumwa yungirije ya Loni muri Haiti, gusa umuryango yashinze waje guhura n’ibibazo biturutse ku mutingito wibasiye icyo gihugu mu 2010.

Mu 2012, yeguye ku mwanya we nk’Intumwa ya Loni agirwa Umujyanama wihariye w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni ushinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ibanze.

Mu 2019, Dr. Farmer yahawe Umudali w’Igihango na Perezida Paul Kagame, kubera uruhare yagize mu iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubuzima mu Rwanda.

Muri rusange uyu mugabo yatsindiye ibihembo n’imidali y’ishimwe birenga 28 ku rwego rw’Isi.

Bamwe mu bantu bakomeye ku Isi bababajwe n’urupfu rwa Dr. Farmer. Umwe muri bo ni Dr. Antony Fauci usanzwe ari Umujyanama wa Perezida Joe Biden wa Amerika mu bijyanye n’Ubuzima. Amakuru avuga ko uyu mugabo yaturitse akarira nyuma yo kumva inkuru y’urupfu rwa Dr. Farmer, ashimangira ko yari icyitegererezo cye.

Yagize ati “Nuvuga abantu b’ingirakamaro mu rwego rw’ubuzima, Dr. Farmer ari mu bantu bake cyane babishoboye. Ubwo yari akiri umunyeshuri yanyitaga icyitegererezo cye, ariko mu by’ukuri ni we cyitegererezo cyanjye.”

Dr. Farmer yari yararushinze na Didi Bertrand ukomoka muri Haiti mu 1996, aho bafitanye abana batatu. Apfuye amaze kwandika ibitabo 12.

Dr. Farmer yakunze kwita ku barwayi bakennye

Dr. Paul Farmer yamaze igihe kinini cy'ubuzima bwe avura abakene

Dr. Farmer yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya kaminuza ya Butaro

Dr. Farmer yatabarukiye mu Rwanda

Dr. Farmer yatangiye ibikorwa byo kwita ku barwayi akiri muto cyane

Dr. Farmer yagize uruhare mu guhashya ibyorezo mu bihugu nka Peru, u Burusiya, Haiti n'ibindi

Dr. Farmer yanditse igitabo kigaruka kuri Ebola yaciye ibintu muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba

Dr. Farmer yagize uruhare mu gushinga Umuryango wa Partners in Health

Dr. Farmer ari gusuzuma umurwayi mu Rwanda