Ahari wakwibaza uti ni abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bashaka kubuhirika, cyangwa abigometse bafite intwaro bashaka kubohora Syria, ariko si ibyo. Ikibazo cya Syria kirakomeye cyane.
Mu gusobanura iby’iki kibazo cya Syria, twakoze ubushaksashatsi mu bitabo nka Inside Syria: The Backstory of Their Civil War and What the World Can Expect, dusoma internet tunaganira na Shekh Musa Sindayigaya, impuguke mu bya politiki n’ibibera mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, agaragaza impamvu y’ikibazo cya Syria, inkomoko yacyo n’icyakorwa mu kugishakira umuti.
Shekh Musa ni umumenyi mu idini ya Islamu, akaba ari na we uriyobora mu mujyi wa Kigali (Imamu), yize imyaka ine mu gihugu cya Arabia Saudite ibijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’amategeko ya kisilamu (Sharia law), ndetse ubu ni ari gukorera impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga PHD mu bumenyi bwa politiki, mu ishami ry’Imiyoborere.
Inkuru za vuba kuri Syria ziravuga ko habuze gato ngo indege z’intambara z’Amerika n’u Burusiya zikozanyeho, kuko zari zihuriye mu kirere cya Syria
Niba ushaka kumenya ibibera muri Syria uyu munsi, urasabwa gusoma ingingo ku yindi
1.Syria
Syria ni igihugu kitari kinini ndetse gituwe n’abaturage bake, gituwe na miliyoni 22, gihana imbibi na Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel na Lebanon. Syria igizwe n’igice cy’ubutayu n’ubutaka busanzwe, akaba ari na kimwe mu bihugu bivugwa cyane mu gitabo cya Bibiliya.
Kuva Syria yabona ubwigenge mu1945 yayowe n’umuryango umwe w’aba al-Assad mu gihe cy’imyaka 45. Hafez al-Assad yategetse kuva 1970 kugera 2000, umuhungu we w’imfura yaguye mu mpanuka y’imodoka, bituma umuhungu wa kabiri ari we Bashar al-Assad ahita aba Perezida mu 2000 kugeza ubu.
2.Intandaro y’intambara
Ubusanzwe umuryango w’aba al-Assad ntabwo ari umuryango utsimbaraye ku mahame y’idini ya Isilamu, ahubwo woroshya ibintu, ukanatanga ubwisanzure cyane ugereranyije no mu bindi bihugu bya kisilamu.
Ariko imyigaragambyo yo mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru ya Afurika, mu mwaka wa 2011 ni yo yakongeje Abasiriya;na bo batangira kwigaragambya bashaka impinduka mu butegetsi.
Abatangije imyigaragambyo bavugaga ko Assad yabatengushye, nta terambere yabagejejeho, nta n’uburenganzira mu bya politiki yabahaye.
Icyabaye imbarutso ikomeye, ni igikorwa cyabaye ku ya 16 Werurwe 2011, cyo gufunga abana bari bashushanyije icyapa gihamagararira abantu kurwanya ubutegetsi.
Sheikh Musa ati “Hari byinshi bari biteze kuri Assad batabonye, bikiyongeraho ko abategetse igihe kirekire, bari banyotewe impinduka.”
3.Abigometse ku butegetsi biyongereye bate?
Ubu tugeze mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 2011, abigometse bubatse igisirikare bacyita Free Syrian Army, nta bayobozi cyagiraga, nta kicaro bari bafite, ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo guhuza abahuje umugambi wo kurwanya ubutegetsi.
Uko intambara yagenda ikura, nibwo hinjiyemo n’abandi barwanyi cyane abazwi ko bimonogoje mu ntambara ntagatifu, n’abandi bari barashyuhijwe n’imyigaragambyo yo mu bihugu bya Afurika yamajyaruguru.
4.Intambara nibwo yatangiye kuba urusobe…
Mwibuke ko byatangiye ari imyigaragambyo abaturage bashaka impinduka mu butegetsi, ariko nyuma y’imyaka ibiri, intambara yinjiwemo n’izindi mpande nyinshi, ku buryo no kugeza iyi saha nta numwe wapfa kuyitsinda.
Igihugu cyacitsemo ibice, kuko ubutegetsi bwa Assad buracyayobora umurwa mukuru Damasiko, ariko n’ababurwanya bayoboye igice hafi ya cyose cy’umujyi wa kabiri Alepo.
Usibye abaturage ba Syria batangiye imyigaragambyo, muri iyi ntambara hinjiyemo abarwana intambara ntagatifu (Jdihadist), nyuma hinjiyemo abarwanyi ba Islamic State (IS), ubu noneho bivugwa ko na Jabhat al-Nusra kizigenza muri Al-Qaeda, ari muri iyi ntambara.
Umuntu uzi kubara arumva neza uburyo iyo mitwe yose yamaze kwinjira mu kibiga cy’intamabara yo muri Syria, bakiyongera ku baturage n’ubutegetsi budashaka kuva ku izima.
Shekh Musa ati “Mbere yari intambara hagati y’abaturage n’ubutegtsi gusa, ariko uko iyo mitwe igenda yinjiramo, byafahe indi sura umuntu yanita ko ari iterabwoba”
5.Abarwanira muri Syria, buri wese afite intego itandukanye n’iyundi; intambara ntishoboka
Bamwe barashaka impinduka n’iterambere ry’igihugu cyabo, ari na cyo cyateye abanyagihugu kwigaragambwa. Ariko abandi baje mu ntambara kubera impamvu zinyuranye.
Nubwo IS idashishikajwe no gukorera muri Syria (kuko yibera muri Iraq) ariko irajwe ishinga no kogeza amahame yayo ya caliphate.
Sheikh Musa yavuze ati “ubundi buriya umuyobozi wa IS yiyita Kalifa ari byo bita Caliphate [soma kalifate], biba bishatse kuvuga ngo umuyobozi w’abayisilamu bose ku Isi ndetse bategetswe kumwumvira kandi ibyo ntibishoka.”
Abandi bari muri iriya ntambara batari abayisilamu na bo ntibakunda Assad kubera imyaka amaze abategeka.
Abarwanyi b’intambara ntagatifu kimwe na Jabhat al-Nusra wa Al-Qaeda barashaka ko Syria iba igihugu kigendera ku mategeko ya Kisilamu.
Abasesenguzi babona ayo matsinda yose yifuza impinduka nziza muri Syria, ariko uburyo bizagerwaho bikomeje kuba inzozi, kuko buri wese afite icyo ashaka kugeraho adasangiye n’undi.
6.“Aho inzovu zirwaniye ibyatsi nibyo bihababarira”
Hamaze kuba amatsinda abiri mu ntambara yo muri Syria; rimwe ari naryo rinini ni iry’abarwanya ubutegetsi bashaka ko bwavaho (opposition) irindi tsinda ni iry’abashyigikiye Perezida Assad na ryo ni rinini.
Noneho igitangaje kinamaze gusenya ibidashobora kubakwa, ni izi mpande zombi zifite intwaro zihagije zo kurwana kugera ku munota wa nyuma.
Abaturage ni bo babigwamo; ubonye uwe arashwe, atekereza ko ejo ari we uzaraswa, buri wese uri muri Syria nta mahitamo afite yo kuba hagati, ni ngombwa ko agira igice abonekamo.
Ingabo za Syria zibwira abaturage kuri za televiziyo ko abashyigikiye ubutegetsi nta cyo babatwara, noneho abandi baburwanya bakubaza ukavuga ko utari kumwe na bo bagahita bakwica.
Nubwo ingufu zitangana, ariko bimaze kwizerwa n’abasesenguzi ko abaturage bari kugwa muri Syria bari kwicwa n’impande zose ziri mu kibazo; utishwe na Al-Qaeda yicwa na FSA cyangwa akicwa n’ingabo z’igihugu.
Niyo ntandaro kuri benshi yo kuzinga akarago bagahunga igihugu berekeza iy’i Burayi.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi UNHCR ryatangaje ko rimaze kwandika impunzi zirenga miliyoni 4,3.
7.Reka tuvuge ku bakinnyi bakomeye bo hanze, ariko bari mu isibaniro ry’intambara; Iran, u Burusiya, USA, Arabia Saudite…
Hari amakuru avuga ko Arabia Saudite iri inyuma y’abigometse ku butegetsi bwa Syria.
Aha ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ubutegetsi n’ingoma ya Assad biri mu gice cy’abayisilamu b’aba-Shia, mu gihe igihugu cya Arabia Saudite n’ibindi biri mu majyepfo ya Syria, biyobowe n’abayisilamu b’aba-Sunni.
Iyi ni indi ngingo yaremereje cyane ibibazo byo muri Syria (Ushaka kumenya itandukaniro n’amakimbirane hagati y’abayisilamu b’aba shia n’abasuni, kanda hano)
Iran na yo iri muri iki kibuga, kuko 90% by’abaturage ba Iran bose ni abayisilamu b’aba-Shia; bisobanuye ko Iran ari inshuti y’akadasohoka y’ubutegetsi bwa Assad, ndetse na Iran birumvikana ko igomba kwiyunga kuri Syria mu rwego rwo kurwanirira bene wabo bahuje ukwemera kwa Shia.
U Burusiya ni ipfundo rya byinshi muri iyi ntambara, kuva mu mwaka wa 1956 u Burusiya ni incuti magara ya Syria. Indi mpamvu yatumye u Burusiya bwiyemeza kujya muri Syria, ni ukurwanya icyo bise ‘iterabwoba’ rya IS n’abandi barwanyi b’intambara ntagatifu.
Byumvikane ko u Burusiya buri muri Syria ndetse bwatangiye no kurasa IS n’abandi bwita abaterabwoba, mu gihe ibindi bihugu nka USA, u Bufaransa … na byo biri inyuma y’abarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Assad.
Shekh Musa avuga ko buri muntu wese uri muri iyi ntambara afite inyungu ye, ndetse hari ababa bagenzwa n’impamvu z’ubukungu.
Ati “ingero zirabyerekana; hari ababa bifuza ko igihugu gisenyuka kugira ngo bazahabwe amasoko yo kugisana.”
Ati “kugira ngo ubyumve neza fata nk’igihugu gikize kuri peteroli, abo banyaburayi baraza bagateza amakimbirane intambara ikarota, bagatanga intwaro mukisenyera igihugu. Kubera ko akenshi abo bashaka ari na bo bajya ku butegetsi… iyo igihugu cyasenyutse, uzabona babandi bari babiri inyuma babwira abayobozi ko bazabibubakira na bo bakabishyura gucukura peretoli.”
8.Intambara idafite uzayitsinda
Hashize imyaka irenga ine, buri wese yibaza iherezo ry’intamabara yo muri Syria, uko ibihe biha ibindi, gutsinda iyi ntambara bikomeza kuba inzozi kuri buri ruhande ruyirwana.
Iyo bigeze mu kanama k’amahoro ku Isi, UNSC ibihugu bicikamo ibice ku kigomba gukorerwa Syria.
Igihe cyose u Burusiya butararekura Assad, cyangwa ngo ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bireke gushyigikira abigometse ku butegetsi, nta kabuza urugamba ruzahoraho.
Biranashoboka ko u Burusiya butazigera bukora ikosa nk’iryo bwakoze muri 2011 ubwo bwarekaga NATO igatera Libye bakavanaho Gaddafi; igihugu cyabaye isibaniro ry’amahanga.
9.Umuti w’intambara ya Syria ni inzozi, ariko urashoboka
Shekh Musa agaragaza uburyo butatu bwashoboka ngo ikibazo cya Syria gikemuke.
Yaragize ati “kugira ngo intamabara yo muri Syria irangiye, byasaba ko Assad ava ku butegetsi, noneho hakajyaho ubutetsi buhuriwemo n’impande zose; abatavuga rumwe n’abandi basanzwe ku butegetsi batakoze ibyaha.”
Avuga ko bigoye cyane kugerwaho kuko “bigomba kunyura mu biganiro.”
Ikibazo rero ni uko iyo bari kuganira, bavuga ngo turaganira izindi ngingo ariko iyo kuva ku butegetsi kwa Assad yo ntabwo irimo, mu gihe abandi bamurwanya bo bagashaka ko habaho ibiganiro ariko Bashar Assad akava ku butegetsi byanze bikunze.”
Sheikh Musa asanga indi ntambwe ari ugukemura ikibazo cya IS; ati “kugira ngo ukemure ikibazo cya IS muri Syria, ni ngombwa kubanza kujya kugikemura muri Iraq” akomeza asobanura ko IS ifite imizi muri Iraq kandi na yo yavutse kubera amakimbirane n’intambara zakuyeho Sadam. Akavuga ko IS igizwe na benshi bo mu butegetsi bwa Sadam bahora bashaka kubusubirana.
Umuti urambye muri Syria no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ni uko “hagomba kubakwa imiyoborere ya demukarasi, bakareka kwikubira ubutegetsi, bakareka igitugu.
10.Ibihugu bikomeye bihindure uburyo
Shekh Musa asanga n’ibihugu bikomeye bikwiye kureka ibihugu bikigenera uburyo bwo kwiyobora, bikagabanya kwinjira mu mitegekere y’ibihugu bito.
Ati “Iyo ugiye gukora ikintu ugasanga gifite ingaruka nyinshi kurenza ibyo wari ugiye gukemura, urakireka. Ubwo rero biriya bihugu bifasha abigaragambya gukuraho umuyobozi wabo, ariko nyuma ugasanga byagize ingaruka mbi cyane. Urugero rwa Libye, Iraq n’ahandi hose.”
Yongeyeho ati “baraza bagafasha abaturage bigometse ku butegetsi bakabuhirika. Biba ari byiza iyo abaturage bageze ku burenganzira bwabo bashakaga. Ariko bitera ingaruka zo kuba ababa bavuye ku butegetsi bongera bakisuganya bakiremamo igisirikare. Noneho bitewe n’ubunararibonye no kumenya igihugu cyane, nyuma ugasanga bongeye kwihuza, bagashaka no yongera kuyobora.”
Noneho igihe babandi babashyize ku butegetsi basubiye iwabo, ugasanga intambara irarose bundi bushya, hagati y’abakuwe ku butegetsi n’ababushyizwe,’baba badafite imbaraga zo kububungabunga’
TANGA IGITEKEREZO