Ubu buryo bushya mu ifatwa ry’imyanzuro yo mu kibuga, bwatangiye gukorerwa igeragezwa mu 2016 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika buza kwemezwa mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka wa 2018 n’ishyirahamwe rishyiraho amategeko agenga umupira w’amaguru ku Isi, IFAB.
Ni ku nshuro ya mbere mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi hakoreshejwe ubu buryo mu gusifurira amakipe y’ibihugu. Komite y’Abasifuzi ya FIFA yatoranyije abagera kuri 13 bagenda bafasha uri mu kibuga mu kumuha amakuru amufasha gufata imyanzuro ndetse bimaze no kugaragara mu mikino itandukanye.
Hari abakinnyi bakomeye bari gushegeshwa na VAR bitewe n’ibikorwa byagiye bibaranga mu mikino y’Ibikombe by’Isi hambere, nka Diego Maradona watsinze igitego cy’ukuboko kikivugwaho ku munsi wa none cyangwa Frank Rijkaard waciriye nkana igikororwa kuri Rudi Völler inshuro ebyiri ntahanwe mu 1990 mu mikino yabereye mu Butaliyani.
Mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi ya 2018 aho iri kubera mu Burusiya, abakurikiye uwahuje u Bufaransa na Australia bibuka neza ibyemezo byagiye biwufatirwamo bigizwemo uruhare n’itsinda rya VAR nka penaliti yatewe na Griezmann akinjiza igitego cyangwa mu mukino wahuje Suède na Koreya y’Epfo ukabonekamo penaliti yatsinzwe na Andreas Granqvist yatanzwe hamaze kugenzurwa amashusho.
Inshuro nyinshi uburyo bwa VAR bwagiye bukoreshwa umusifuzi ahamagawe mu buryo bw’amajwi gusa FIFA itangaza ko hamaze no gukoreshwa uburyo bw’isuzuma ry’amashusho hanze y’ikibuga inshuro enye gusa. Na bwo burifashishwa iyo bibaye ngombwa.
Ibyo wamenya ku ikoranabuhanga rya “VAR,” n’amateka rifite
Ikoranabuhanga ry’umusifuzi ukoresha amashusho “VAR” [Video Assistant Referee], rifasha umusifuzi gufata ibyemezo byo mu bihe bine gusa bikomeye mu gihe umukino uba uri kuba.
Ibyo byemezo harimo kwemeza cyangwa guhakana ikosa niba igitego cyinjiye mu izamu mu gihe bishidikanywaho; umwanzuro kuri penaliti; kwemeza ko umukinnyi ahabwa ikarita itukura ako kanya ndetse rikanakoreshwa mu gihe habayeho kwibeshya umusifuzi akaba yasohora umukinnyi utari uwakosheje.
FIFA yemeye ko VAR ikoreshwa mu gikombe cy’Isi cya 2018 mu nama yabereye mu Mujyi wa Bogotá muri Colombia ku wa 16 Werurwe uyu mwaka.
Itsinda ry’abasifuzi bakoresha amashusho mu gufasha uri mu kibuga mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi, rikorera mu biro bya International Broadcast Centre biri mu Mujyi wa Moscow, hanyuma rigakorana n’abasifura ku bibuga 12 bihererereye ahantu hatandukanye hifashishijwe umuyoboro wa ‘fibre optic’ ari na wo ukoreshwa iyo bahanahana amakuru.
Aba basifuzi bakorera mu cyumba cyihariye kiri i Moscow bifashisha amashusho aturuka kuri ‘cameras’ 33 zirimo umunani zifite ubushobozi budasanzwe mu kugendesha amashusho gahoro n’enye zibikora mu buryo burushijeho akagenda gahoro cyane. Hiyongeraho n’izindi ebyiri zicunganwa n’abaraririye zikoreshwa gusa n’umusifuzi wungirije mu bakoresha amashusho.
Mu cyumba kirimo abakoresha iri koranabuhanga, haba hari umusifuzi umwe ubakuriye , na batatu bamwungirije. Hiyongeraho abandi bane bashinzwe gusubiza inyuma amashusho ku buryo bagenzi babo babona inguni zose z’ikigamijwe cyangwa se camera ya nyayo yo kwerekana icyabaye.
Baba bafite ‘cameras’ ebyiri ziri ahari amazamu zibafasha kumenya neza niba umupira warenze umurongo ku buryo bashobora guha ayo makuru umusifuzi wo mu kibuga akemeza n’icyo yari yanze cyangwa icyari cyemewe ntikibarwe. Izi ni zo zifashishwa mu kureba niba umukinnyi yaraririye cyangwa se niba atari byo.
‘Cameras’ bakoresha zikerekana amashusho agenda gahoro zigira uruhare mu myanzuro itandukanye nk’iyo kumenya uko umukinnyi yakiniye nabi mugenzi we cyangwa aho byabereye. Izigaragaza amashusho mu buryo busanzwe zikoreshwa harebwa amakosa yandi nko kumenya niba umukinnyi wakoze ku mupira yari abigambiriye n’andi.
Abasifuzi bo hagati mu kibuga bahawe akazi mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi babanje gukoreshwa amahugurwa bahabwa amabwiriza y’igihe hagomba kwitabazwa amakuru bahawe n’itsinda rya VAR no kureba amashusho mbere y’uko bafata ibyemezobikomeye bajijinganyaho.
Mu gihe habaye impaka ku cyemezo runaka, umusifuzi wo hagati mu kibuga, yifashisha ikoranabuhanga ry’amajwi aba afite agakoresha ecouteur aba yambaye avugana n’abari kugenzura amashusho. Ni bo bamufasha gufata umwanzuro uwo ari wo wose mu gihe habaye ikosa rishidikanywaho.
Iyo umusifuzi bibaye ngombwa ko asuzuma ibyahise bishidikanywaho yifashisha ecran iba iri ku ruhande rw’inzira ijya mu rwambariro ariko amaze kwerekana ikimenyetso cya mpandenye [rectangle] ashushanya mu kirere akoresheje intoki za mukubitarukoko.
Ikoranabuhanga rya VAR riri kwifashishwa mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi rinabasha gutahura uwaraririye hakoreshejwe guca imirongo ku mashusho n’uburyo bwa 3D.
FIFA yashyizeho uburyo butuma abakurikiye umukino bari ku kibuga n’abawurebera kuri za televiziyo babona amakuru amwe iyo hifashishijwe ubu buryo kuko abogeza umukino ku bawukurikiye mu mashusho na bo bamenyeshwa iyo bibaye ngombwa ko hifashishwa VAR.
Iri koranabuhanga ryinjijwe mu mikino y’Igikombe cy’Isi ku nshuro ya mbere ryagizwemo uruhare rukomeye na Sony binyuze mu kigo cyayo cya Hawk-Eye Innovations gikora ibirebana n’amashusho ndetse kikagira n’ikoranabuhanga rya GLT [Goal-Line Technology], gifatanyije na Crescent Comms yita ku bijyanye n’amajwi.
Bamwe mu basesengura iby’iri koranabuhanga baribona nk’iryagabanyije intonganya zakundaga kubaho mu kibuga mu gihe umusifuzi afashe icyemezo ntikibonwe kimwe. Hari n’abaribona nk’irishobora kuzaganisha ku ndunduro umurimo w’abasifuzi uko wari usanzwe, umupira w’amaguru ukinjira mu bihe bishya bitahozeho.
Gusa ariko nubwo rishimwa na benshi mu kuzana umucyo mu mupira w’amaguru hirindwa impaka, hari n’abaribona nk’iryagabanyije uguhangana gushingiye ku biganiro byakurikiraga umupira hagendewe ku byemezo byafashwe.
Ni mu gihe kandi muri iki gikombe cy’Isi, abantu benshi banenze iri koranabuhanga ko ritifashishijwe mu byemezo bimwe na bimwe birimo igitego cya mbere Espagne yatsinze Portugal aho bivugwa ko Diego Costa yari yakoreye ikosa Pepe, naho ku mukino wa Brazil n’u Busuwisi, igitego cya Zuber bivugwa ko yari yakoreye ikosa myugariro wa Brazil.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO