Ubu u Rwanda rushaka kubaka uruganda rw’ingufu za nucléaire. Byitezwe ko imirimo yo kubaka izatangira mu ntangiro za 2028.

Mu gihe ibihugu bitandukanye ku Isi byihutira kubaka ibikorwaremezo muri gahunda zabyo z’iby’ingufu za nucléaire, u Rwanda rwahisemo kubanza kubaka ubushobozi mu bantu mbere y’ibindi byose, bamwe bagahugurwa, n’abanyeshuri bakoherezwa aho bazakura ubumenyi mu bijyanye no gutunganya izi ngufu.

Iyi gahunda yagutse igamije gukoresha ingufu za nucléaire mu nyungu z’abaturage irangajwe imbere n’Ikigo cy’u Rwanda Gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomike, RAEB, yatangiye mu myaka myinshi ishize hashingiwe ku cyerekezo cya Perezida Kagame.

Aho kuzana inzobere z’abanyamahanga ngo zikoreshe inganda zamaze kuzura, u Rwanda rwahisemo gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kubanza kubaka ubushobozi mu benegihugu bakagira ubumenyi bushyitse, nka kimwe mu bizatuma gahunda y’igihugu ijyanye n’ingufu za nucléaire iramba kandi ikazanira inyungu abagituye.

Umusaruro w’iyi ngamba watangiye kugaragara. Mu kwezi gushize, abanyeshuri 26 b’Abanyarwanda batashye bafite impamyabumenyi z’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu bijyanye no gucunga no kugenzura neza inganda zitunganya ingufu za nucléaire, umutekano w’ibikoreshwa muri izi nganda ndetse n’ibijyanye na ‘Electrical Engineering’.

Aba banyeshuri barangiza kwiga bahita bahabwa akazi na RAEB. Kubera ko hari abandi banyeshuri barenga 100 boherejwe mu mahanga gushaka ubumenyi bwihariye, u Rwanda ruri kubaka ubumenyi bw’ibanze bukenewe kugira ngo ruzakoreshe kandi rufate neza ibikorwaremezo byarwo mu bihe biri imbere.

Mu kiganiro Dossier, Umuyobozi w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi ya RAEB, Dr. Lassina Zerbo, yashimangiye akamaro k’ubu buryo bwayobotswe n’u Rwanda, agaragaza amakosa aba mu kwihutira kubaka ibikorwaremezo nta bumenyi bw’abenegihugu.

Ati “Ni nka wa mugani w’Abafaransa ngo ‘on met pas la charrue avant les bœufs’ cyangwa se ‘kirazira gushyira igare imbere y’ifarasi’ bishatse kuvuga gukora ibintu imbusane”.

Yakomeje agira ati “Kugira ngo dukore ibintu mu buryo bwabyo tutabusanya, byabaye ngombwa ko dufata urubyiruko rwumva kandi rwemera kwiga ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya nucléaire”.

Yakomeje avuga ko kohereza uru rubyiruko kujya kwiga, uru ari n’urubuga rwiza ku bakiri bato, hatitawe ku mateka yabo cyangwa aho bava, aho babonera amahirwe yo kwiga, basoza bagahita bahabwa akazi na Leta, ati “Ibyo ni byo turi gukora”.

Dr. Lassina Zerbo yavuze ko u Rwanda rwahisemo kubanza kubaka ubushobozi mu benegihugu mbere y’ibindi byose

Kubera iki amaso ahanzwe inganda nto z’ingufu za nucléaire?

Intego y’u Rwanda si ukubaka inganda nini z’ingufu za nucléaire zisanzwe zimenyerewe, kuko icyemezo cyafashwe ari ukubaka into zizwi nka SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) n’izindi nto kuri zo zizwi nka ‘micro-reactors’.

SMRs wazigereranya nk’inganda zitanga ingufu za nucléaire zubakirwa ahantu mu zindi nganda, hanyuma zigashyirwa aho zigomba gukorera nyuma ari na ho ziteranyirizwa.

Modular imwe iba ireshya na metero imwe na santimetero 80. U Rwanda rurashaka kugira uruganda rufite enye, buri imwe ishobora gutanga megawatt 200.

Iza micro reactors na zo ni inganda zikorwa hanyuma zigateranyirizwa ahabugenewe, ku buryo zajyanwa aho ari ho hose yaba mu ndege, amato cyangwa imodoka kuko imwe yakwirwa muri kontineri.

Nyuma yo kugezwa ahagenwe, zishobora no kwimurwa nyuma. Bisaba ko imwe ishyingurwa byibuze muri kilometero eshatu zayo nta kindi kintu kigomba kuba gihari, ibizwi nka ‘buffer zone’.

Bivugwa ko byibuze uruganda rumwe rushobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri megawatt 20 ku munsi, rukaba rushobora kumara imyaka 20 rukora neza.

Bivuze ko izi nganda nto zifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ahagije yo gucanira ingo ibihumbi cyangwa ibigo by’ububiko bw’amakuru (data centers) mu buryo buhoraho mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 15 hadakenewe ibikorwa by’amavugurura ahoraho.

Ku rundi ruhande, hari ikoranabuhanga rishya (molten salt reactors) rishobora gukoreshwa muri izi nganda nto, riri gukorerwa igeragezwa mu bice by’ubutayu, aho hifashishwa ubutare bwa ‘thorium’ n’umunyu washongeshejwe mu kubona amashanyarazi.

Ubu buryo ntibukenera ikoreshwa ry’amazi, yo avamo umwuka uyoborwa mu mashini zabugenewe ugatanga amashanyarazi nk’uko bigenda mu nganda zisanzwe.

Dr. Zerbo asobanura impamvu u Rwanda rwahisemo kubaka inganda nto, yavuze ko Perezida Kagame “yafashe icyemezo gisobanutse cyo guhitamo inganda nto kuko yabonaga ko ari byo bijyanye cyane n’imiterere y’igihugu.”

Muri rusange, icyerekezo nyamukuru kirenga imipaka y’igihugu.

Aho kuba ibihugu byose 54 bya Afurika byakwiyubakira inganda zabyo bwite, u Rwanda rubona ko ubufatanye ku mugabane binyuze mu mahuriro y’ingufu ari yo nzira.

Dr. Zerbo yavuze ko Afurika igomba kugira imyumvire iharanira iterambere ryayo, ku buryo ahantu hose habaye icyitegererezo abandi bashobora kugikurikiza.

Byagaragaye ko mu Rwanda inganda nto ari zo zitanga icyizere

Amashanyarazi adahagije, ingaruka ku mibereho y’Abanyafurika…

Uretse ikoranabuhanga, imibare mu rwego rw’ubukungu iri mu bitiza umurindi iyi gahunda y’u Rwanda yo kubona amashanyarazi hisunzwe ingufu za nucléaire.

Kugeza ubu, abantu basaga miliyoni 600 ku mugabane wa Afurika ntibagerwaho n’amashanyarazi. Ku bagerwaho na yo mu bihugu bya Afurika akenshi bishyura ikiguzi cy’arenga 0,30$ (443 Frw) kuri kilowati imwe ugereranyije na 0,05$ (73,9 Frw) yishyurwa mu bice bimwe bya Aziya.

Ubu busumbane mu ngufu ni kimwe mu bigira ingaruka ku guhatana mu rwego rw’inganda n’ukwihaza mu biribwa ku mugabane.

Inganda nini zikenera amashanyarazi ahoraho, aho akomoka ku ihinduka ry’ibihe (izuba cyangwa umuyaga) adashobora kwishingikirizwa. Akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire ni yo magingo aya abonwa nk’igisubizo kirambye kuri iki kibazo.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga ugenda urushaho kubona ubushake bwa Afurika muri uru rwego.

Ibi byagaragariye mu nama ya kabiri y’Ihuriro Nyafurika rishinzwe Udushya mu Ngufu za nucléaire, NEISA, yashyigikiwe n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ingufu za Atomike, IAEA.

Iyi nama iheruka kubera i Kigali yahuje abarenga 1500 barimo abacuruzi mpuzamahanga muri uru rwego baturutse mu Bufaransa, u Bwongereza, u Budage, u Burusiya, u Bushinwa, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ubwo yari yitabiriye iyi nama, Perezida wa Tanzania, Samia Suluhu Hassan, yashimiye Perezida Kagame waharaniye ubutaruhuka ko Afurika yajya imbere muri gahunda zo kwisunga ingufu za nucléaire mu iterambere.

Magingo aya Afurika y’Epfo ni cyo gihugu rukumbi gikoresha ingufu za nucléaire muri Afurika. Iki gihugu gifite uruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi akomoka kuri izi ngufu rwitwa Koeberg Nuclear Power Station.

Misiri na yo irarimbanyije mu kubaka uruganda rutunganya amashanyarazi akomoka kuri izi ngufu. Iri kubaka uruganda ruzwi nka ‘El Dabaa’ mu Majyaruguru y’Uburengerazuba.

Kurikira ikiganiro kirambuye Dr. Lassina Zerbo yagiranye na Dossier