Nko mu mushinga wiswe ‘Artemis’ w’Abanyamerika, byitezwe ko abashakashatsi bagomba kuba bageze ku Kwezi mu 2026. Mu ntego zayo harimo ko uzafasha umugore wa mbere n’umwirabura wa mbere kugera ku Kwezi; ndetse bwa mbere abashakashatsi bagakandagiza ibirenge kuri Mars.

Sosiyete ya SpaceX ya Elon Musk nayo iri mu mushinga mugari wo kugeza abashakashatsi kuri Mars, ikahubaka ibikorwaremezo ndetse byakunda ikahatuza abantu.

Uko ubushakashatsi bukorwa muri iyo mishinga, ni ko hakenerwa amakuru ahambaye, akenshi aboneka habayeho imikoranire hagati y’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa abantu bari mu Isanzure n’abari ku Isi.

Aho ni ho abashakashatsi bahera bibaza niba mu gihe imishinga nk’iyo y’igihe kirekire irimbanyije, ku Kwezi hataba hakenewe isaha kugira ngo amakuru arusheho guhererekanywa neza kandi ku gihe, kuko abari ku Isi bajya bamenya ngo ku Kwezi ni saa ngahe, ibyo bakeneye biraboneka saa ngahe.

Muri Mata 2024, Ibiro bya Perezida wa Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, White House, byasabye Urwego rushinzwe iby’Isanzure, NASA, kugaragaza uko igihe cyo ku Kwezi kigenda.

NASA yatoranyije National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ngo abe ari yo ikora kuri uwo mushinga, ugaragazwe wuzuye kandi usobanutse neza.

Kugeza ubu ikizwi neza cyagaragajwe na Albert Einstein, ni uko igihe cyo ku Kwezi cyihuta ugereranyije n’icyo ku Isi.

Mu kiganiro Ikinyamakuru Science giherutse kugirana na Bijunath Patla ukora muri NIST, yasobanuye ko impamvu uko igihe cyo ku Kwezi kigenda bitandukanye n’uko icyo ku Isi kigenda biterwa n’uko Isi ari nini kurusha Ukwezi.

‘Gravitational effects’ ziterwa n’ubunini bw’Isi ni zo zituma igihe ku Isi kigenda buhoro, ku Kwezi kikihuta.

Uwo mushakashatsi asobanura ko ibyo bivuze ikintu kinini cyane kuko iyo habaho ubwumvane (communication) hagati y’abashakashatsi bari ku Isi n’abari ku Kwezi, uko igihe cyabo kibara biba bitandukanye.

Ati “Nk’urugero niba tugiye kohereza icyogajuru ku Kwezi twagenye aho kigomba kugwa muri metero runaka, ubwo tuba dukeneye no kumenya igihe gihuriweho ku Isi no ku Kwezi. Mbere igihe cyo ku Kwezi cyihutagaho hagati ya ‘microseconds’ 56 na 58 ku munsi, ubu tuba tuzi ko ari ‘microseconds’ 56.02 ku munsi. Ubwo tugendeye kuri iyo mibare tukayikurikiza neza, twasanga twibeshyeho metero 10 (ku ho icyogajuru cyagombaga kugwa).”

NIST isobanura ko muri uko kubara igihe cyo ku Kwezi, hazashyirwayo amasaha mato angana nk’iyo umuntu ashobora kumanika mu cyumba araramo.

Icyakora bitewe n’ikoranabuhanga rizaba rigomba gushyirwamo, ngo ashobora kuzaba afite umubyimba ungana na ‘inches’ 12. Wagereranya ko ari nka santimetero 30.

Hatekerezwa ko izo saha zizashyirwa ahegereye umurongo ugabanyamo kabiri Ukwezi (Equateur).

Biteganyijwe ko zizavanwa ku Isi zasigajweho inyuma ‘microseconds’ 56.02, kugira ngo nizigera ku Kwezi bibe bihura neza n’uko igihe cyaho kigenda.

Ibyo ngo bizahita byorohereza abashakashatsi kubara igihe cyo ku Isi no ku Kwezi icyarimwe, ibizatanga umusanzu ukomeye mu nyigo z’ahazaza.

Kuba mu myaka 50 ishize abashakashatsi barageze ku Kwezi ariko bakaba babona ubu ari bwo bikenewe cyane kuhashyira isaha, NIST isobanura ko bishingiye ku kuba hanagamijwe ko ibikorwa remezo biri ku Isi byagukira n’ahandi hashoboka mu Isanzure.

Imikoranire kuri uwo mushinga irarimbanyije hagati ya NASA n’Urwego rushinzwe iby’Isanzure mu Burayi, ESA; aho biteganyijwe ko igerageza rishobora kuba mu 2030.

Nyuma yo ku Kwezi, indi mimbumbe nka Mars ikomeje gukorwaho ubushakashatsi cyane nayo izashyirwaho amasaha.

Hari gutekerezwa uburyo ku kwezi hashyirwayo isaha yihariye