U Rwanda ruri mu myiteguro yo gutangiza ku mugaragaro ikoreshwa rya internet yo ku rwego rwo hejuru ya 4G ikoresha “Wireless” (umuntu ayikoresha atiriwe akenera umugozi wa interineti); ni internet yihuta kandi itekanye.

N’ubwo itarasakara cyane ariko hari benshi baba bibaza icyo 4G bisobanura ndetse n’umwihariko wayo ku yindi mikorere ya Internet yari isanzwe; IGIHE yegereye impuguke zikora muri sosiyete “Olleh Rwanda” yazanye internet ya 4G mu Rwanda maze zisobanura byinshi kuri yo.

Muri rusange inyuguti ‘G’ igaragara inyuma y’umubare 1, 2, 3 cyangwa 4 isobanura “Generation”, ni ukuvuga igihe cy’imyaka 10 kuva muri za 1980 ubwo ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho rya 1G ryavumburwaga.

Imyaka ya za 80 yari igihe cya 1 ni ukuvuga 1G, hanyuma muri 1992 nibwo ikoranabuhanga ryatangiye kuva muri “ analogue “ rijya muri “digital” hahita haza 2G.

Ibi byakurikiwe n’uko mu 2001 abantu batangiye kumva amajwi n’amashusho kuri internet, byitwa 3G cyangwa igihe cya gatatu. Iki gihe cyaje gusimburwa na 4G LTE yatangiye kuvugwa mu 2011 iza izanye impinduka ku mikorere ya 3G. Igihe runaka cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’itumanaho gisimburwa iyo havumbuwe impinduka nyinshi zihindura ku buryo bugaragara ikoranabuhanga abantu bari basanzwe bagenderaho.

Urwego rwa 1G rwakoreshejwe muri telefoni ngendanwa kugeza ubwo 2G ishyizwe ku mugaragaro. Icyo gihe ni bwo habayeho impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ubwo “Wireless” zarekeraga gukoresha uburyo bwa “analogue“ zigatangira gukoresha uburyo bwa “digital”. 3G yaje kuza hanyuma izamura umuvuduko wa internet ku buryo hashoboraga gutangwa amakuru menshi angana na Kilobits 200 ku isegonda.

Ibi byatumye 3G ishobora gukoreshwa umuntu akora ibintu bitandukanye nko kureba amashusho ku mbuga za internet. Kugeza ubu 3G iracyakoreshwa henshi cyane kandi igafata nk’urwego fatizo rw’ikoranabuhanga rya “Wireless”.

Kuri ubu u Rwanda ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga cya Koreya y’Amajyepfo batangiye gahunda yo kuzana mu gihugu umuyoboro wo ku rwego rwa 4G.

Gusa uru rwego rwa 4G ntirwuzuye ahubwo ruracyiyubaka akaba ari nayo mpamvu bakoresha izina “4G LTE” (4 Generation Long Term Evolution).

Imiterere y’inzego za “G”

Buri rwego hari ibyo rugomba kuba rwujuje bisabwa kugirango rwitwe “G”, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ikoranabuhanga (ITU) niwo ugena niba umuyoboro wa interineti ushobora guhabwa izina rya “Generation” (G).

Imiterere ya 1G

Ni izina ryakundaga gukoreshwa igihe 2G itari yakagiye ahagaragara, 1G yatumaga umuntu ashobora guhamagara cyangwa akitaba telefoni gusa. Icyo gihe habagaho telefoni ngendanwa za rutura. Izi telefoni zakoreshaga uburyo bwa “analogue”, zatangiye gukoreshwa mu myaka ya za 80.

Imiterere ya 2G

Bisobanura igihe cya kabiri cy’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha iminara (ridakoresha insinga). 2G yaje ikoresha uburyo bwa “digital” bwuzuye. Iyi internet yatangiye icuruzwa ku buryo bwa GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) iza mu myaka ya 1992.

2G yatumye uretse kwitaba no guhamagara kuri telefoni hiyongeraho kohereza ubutumwa bugufi n’izindi gahunda nke.

Imiterere ya 3G

3G ni ikoranabuhanga rya “Wireless” uko turizi kuri ubu nk’uko rikoreshwa na benshi rigatuma umuntu ashobora kujya kuri internet akoherezaho ubutumwa agakuraho amashusho (downloads), agasangiza abandi amashusho.

Ikoranabuhanga rya telefoni zigezweho (Smartphones) ryagiye ryiyongera ku rwego rwa 3G. Uru rwego rwashoboraga kohereza no kwakira amakuru ku kigero cya Megabits 2 ku isegonda. Ikoranabuhanga rya 3G ryongeye umuvuduko wa internet rigira imiyoboro myinshi cyane.

4G LTE

Nk’uko yari yavuzweho ku buryo burambuye haruguru, 4G LTE ni icyiciro cya 4G kigezweho muri iki gihe ariko kitaruzuza ibisabwa ngo cyitwe 4G burundu. Biteganyijwe ko hazatangazwa ikoranabuhanga rya 4G igihe ITU izemera ko iryo koranabuhanga ryujuje ibisabwa.

4G