Mudasobwa ni imashini ikoreshwa n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kunganira uyikoresha agamije kuyibyaza umusaruro.
Yakira ibyo umuntu ayihaye mu nyandiko, amashusho cyangwa ubundi buryo bwa gihanga, ikamufasha kubitunganya, maze yarangiza umurimo ishinzwe, ikamuha ibisubizo uko abyifuza.
Mu miterere yayo, mudasobwa yagereranywa n’umuntu, ariko ntishobora kwitiranywa na we cyangwa ngo yishushanye na we, kuko itagira umubiri cyangwa ibitekerezo. Nyamara ku bijyanye n’ubuzima, mudasobwa nayo yibasirwa n’agakoko abenshi bita virusi. Iyo ako gakoko kayigezemo irahungabana, ubuzima bwayo n’imikorere bigatangira kugenda biguru-ntege nk’umuntu winjiriwe n’agakoko gatera SIDA, bityo hagakenerwa imiti yo kuyigangahura no kuyivura, kugira ngo yongere ikore uko bikwiye.
Nk’uko umubiri w’umuntu ugira ibice byinshi, ingingo n’uturemangingo, ni na ko mudasobwa iteye. Igizwe n’ibice byinshi bitandukanye ndetse ikaba ibasha no guterateranya ibyo umuntu ayisabye kumukorera bityo ikamuha ibisubizo yifuza.
Mu bice bifatika bigize mudasobwa twavuga iby’ibanze nk’igisanduku gikubiyemo ibyuma bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo itandukanye, ikirahuri kigaragaza ibyo mudasobwa ikora, ndetse n’utundi duce twa ngombwa tuyifasha kugera ku nshingano zayo nk’imbeba “souris”, ikidanago cy’ inyuguti gikoreshwa mu kwandika “Keyboard” n’ibindi. Ibyo ni ibice bigaragara, umuntu ashobora kubonesha amaso, akabigura, akabiterateranya, agamije kubaka iyo mashini.
Ku rundi ruhande, nk’uko umuntu agirwa n’ubwonko bumufasha gutekereza no gukora, mudasobwa na yo igira icyo gice cy’ingenzi gikubiyemo urusobe rwa gahunda zayo “Programmes”, ari zo ziyifasha kuremekanya amabwiriza ihawe n’umuntu uyikoresha, bityo igatanga ibisubizo byizewe.
Abamenyereye gukoresha mudasobwa bavuga ko ifasha umuntu kubona ibisubizo byizewe, mu bwitonzi, ubudakemwa, neza kandi vuba, ndetse bakemeza ko ishobora no gukomatanya imirimo myinshi icya rimwe, ariko ikagenda itanga ibisubizo mu bwitonzi. Mudasobwa ni igisubizo ku mirimo inaniza ubwonko bw’umuntu aka wa mugani w’Abanyarwanda ngo “Imirimo ibiri yananiye impyisi”, bakunze guca iyo basabwe gukora imirimo irenze umwe icya rimwe. Mudasobwa yo irabishobora, twavuga ko yamaze kumenya ko uhinga mu kwe adasigana.
Mudasobwa ikunda kwibasirwa n’udukoko tw’ibyorezo
Abashakashatsi mu bumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga bavumbuye ko mudasobwa ikunze kwibasirwa n’ibyorezo by’igikatu nk’umuntu, bikayirembya ndetse itabonerwa umuti uyigangahura cyangwa urukingo, igahagarika imirimo ishinzwe. By’umwihariko, mudasobwa ikunze kwibasirwa n’agakoko kirimbuzi(Virus). Aka gakoko kagereranywa n’agatera SIDA mu mubiri w’umuntu.Gakunda kororoka cyane muri mudasobwa, ari na ko kayikururira ibyuririzi biyimunga uko bwije n’uko bukeye. Igishimishije gusa ni uko umuti w’utwo dukoko wamaze kuboneka.
Iyo mudasobwa imaze kwinjirirwa na virusi, uyikoresha arabimenya kuko imashini itangira gukora biguru- ntege, ikareba ibirorirori, igakora imirimo ibice bice kandi ntiyihute uko bisanzwe, ndetse yamara kuremba igahuma.
Icyo gihe, uwayikoreshaga arahangayika, agatangira kuyivugutira umuti uyigangahura cyangwa uyicurikira inzoka benshi bakunze kwita antivirusi “Anti Virus”.
Iyo mudasobwa ibonye uwo muti ikagangahurwa, irakira igasubira mu kazi. Twibukiranye ko ibindi bikoresho nka telefoni, ibyuma by’umuziki na byo bishobora kwinjirirwa n’ako gakoko. Ni ngombwa ko ubikoresha wese amenya ko umuti n’urukingo by’izo virusi byabonetse.
Agakoko kibasira mudasobwa ni iki, gaturuka he?
Abashakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga bavumbuye ko ako gakoko ari urwunge rwa porogaramu “programmes” zikorwa n’abantu, zigashyirwa muri mudasobwa zigamije kuyimunga ubwonko no kuyangiriza imikorere.
Bitewe n’ubukana bwazo, izo virusi zinjira muri mudasobwa zinyuze mu butumwa abazikoze bohereza muri mudasobwa hirya no hino ku Isi.
Izo virusi zishobora kwigumira mu bwonko bwa mudasobwa cyangwa mu bindi bice byayo, ndetse zikanduza n’utundi dukoresho umuntu yifashisha atwaraho amakuru tumenyerewe cyane nka “Flash disk” n’utundi.
Mu myaka 20 ishize, udukoko twakomeje kwiyongera mu bwinshi, ari na ko twihinduriza kugira ngo turusheho kuzahaza mudasobwa twinjiyemo.
Hari virusi za mudasobwa zifite amazina nk’ay’abantu!
Trojan (Torojani) ni udukoko kirimbuzi kandi tw’inyaryenge. Twinjira muri mudasobwa, tukayijijisha dusa n’utwerekana ko nta kibazo duteye, nyamara dushaka gukora amarorerwa. Iyo tugeze muri mudasobwa, itangira gusobwa mu byo ikora.
Melissa (Melisa) ni agakoko kibasiye mudasobwa nyinshi ku Isi mu mwaka wa 1999, kanyuze mu butumwa bugufi “short message” bwoherejwe muri mudasobwa nyinshi ku Isi, maze kangiza ibintu bifite nibura agaciro ka miliyari imwe y’amadolari.
Mu mwaka wa 2000, agakoko kitwa I Love You (Ndagukunda) kinjiye muri mudasobwa kangiza ibisaga miliyari 8.7 by’amadorari hirya no hino ku Isi. http://www.catalogs.com
Uretse ayo, hari n’andi mazina ahabwa virusi za mudasobwa, akenshi akagenekerezwa cyangwa agashingira ku mazina bwite y’abazikoze.
Imiti ivura mudasobwa igira amazina nk’ay’ishoka
Mudasobwa yose yamaze kwinjirirwa n’udukoko ikenera kuvurwa kandi uburyo bwo kuyivura bukaba bukoresha umuti urwanya utwo dukoko, ari wo witwa “antivirusi” (Anti-Virus). Uwo muti ugurishwa n’abacuruzi b’ibyuma kabuhariwe, kandi uboneka ahantu henshi mu gihugu.
Iyo bawushyize muri mudasobwa bwa mbere, urabanza ukayigangahura, ukerekana ubwoko bwose n’ubwinshi bw’udukoko twibasiye mudasobwa, nyuma ukabona kuyivura. Mudasobwa ivurwa muri ubu buryo, kandi igahabwa urukingo rumara umwaka wose (iminsi 365).
Imiti ivura mudasobwa ni myinshi. Nubwo igira amazina menshi nk’ay’ishoka, iyo miti ivura kimwe. Abayikoresha bagahitamo umuti bakurikije uwo bifuza, ubwoko bwawo cyangwa igihugu ukomokamo.
Buri muti ugira izina bwite, ariko ugahuza inyito « antivirus ».
Dore imwe mu mazina y’iyo miti: Norton , Kaspersky, Symantec, Symante, eScan, Avast, AVG, F-Secure, Solo, Sophos, Panda Cloud, McAfee Security, Bit Defender n’izindi.
Iyo miti ishobora kuboneka mu bacuruza ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Twibutse abakoresha mudasobwa ko bakwiriye kuzirinda hakiri kare, kuko “Kwirinda biruta kwivuza”.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO