Iyi ni imikino idakuze cyane ariko nanone itamaze igihe gito cyane, yavuye ku gitekerezo kidasanzwe cyo guhuza imirwano itandukanye no kureba uburyo bukomeye kurusha ubundi bwakinwamo imikino njyarugamba.

Nubwo byatangiye ari imikino idafite isura, umuryango wo muri Brésil uzwi nka Gracie Family, ufatwa nk’ishyiga ry’inyuma kuri iyi mikino yakunzwe n’abatari bake ku Isi.

Tugiye kurebera hamwe amavu n’amavuko y’iyi mikino n’uko byagenze kugira ngo ikwire Isi yose kugeza no muri BK Arena izayakira ku itariki ya 18 Ukwakira 2025.

Amateka ya MMA

Nubwo MMA igaragara nk’umukino mushya, imizi yawo ishingiye mu mateka ya kera. Mu Bugiriki, hariyo umukino wa ‘Pankration’ washinzwe muri 648 Mbere y’Ivuka rya Yesu. Icyo gihe barwanishaga amaboko nk’abakirana, gukubitana ibipfunsi, no gushyirana hasi.

Ku Ngoma y’Abah-Han bayoboye u Bushinwa kuva muri 206 Mbere y’Ivuka rya Yesu habagaho umukino watozwaga ingabo witwaga ‘Shuai Jiao’. Uyu wahuzaga imitego yo kurwana n’ubumenyi bw’umukino wa Kung Fu.

Ibi byose byari ibimenyetso byerekana ko abantu bifuza kuba indwanyi z’akataraboneka kuva kera.

Mu 1882, mu Buyapani hadutse umukino wa Judo ukundwa n’abatari bake, bigeze mu 1914 umuhanga muri wo witwaga Mitsuyo Maeda yimukiye muri Brézil awujyanayo.

Akigerayo yahasanze umuryango uzwi nka Gracie Family, ufata amasomo ya Judo ariko ukajya uwukina mu buryo bwawo uhita uhabwa izina rya Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Ubu bwari uburyo bwo kurwana ukaba wabasha gushyira umwanzi hasi nubwo yaba afite imbaraga nyinshi.

Mu 1920 havutse undi mukino witwa Vale Tudo. Aho mwari mutuye mukiri abana mwibuka ko iyo abana babiri bajyaga kurwana habagaho igihe cyo kuvuga ngo ‘turarwana muri byose’. Iyi ni yo Vale Tudo kuko nta mategeko yagiraga, kwari ukurwana nta rutangira.

Umukino witwa Vale Tudo wakinwaga byemewe gukubita ahantu aho ari ho hose

Gracie Family ni bantu ki?

Gracie Family ni umuryango wamenye bwa mbere imikino njyarugamba yemerera abantu kurwana bisanzuye kandi buri wese akoresha uburyo ashatse.

Mu 1932, abavandimwe babiri ari bo Carlos Gracie na Hélio Gracie biyemeje kubaka umuryango uzavamo ubwoko bw’indwanyi z’akataraboneka zitarabaho mu mateka y’Isi, ukaba umuryango ubereyeho kujya mu bikorwa by’intambara.

Aba bombi bashatse abagore umunani, Carlos Gracie abyara abana 21 bavuyemo amazina akomeye mu mikino njyarugamba ari bo Carlson Gracie na Rolls Gracie.

Ni mu gihe umuvandimwe we Hélio Gracie yabyaye abana barindwi, ariko Rickson, Rorion na Royce Gracie aba ari bo biyemeza gukomeza imikino njyarugamba by’umwihariko Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, ari na yo yavuyemo MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) tubona ubu.

Uyu muryango wamenyekanishije uyu mukino binyuze mu gutumira abahanga muri wo baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi mu cyiswe ‘Gracie Challenge’.

Gracie Family ni umuryango w'indwanyi

Uruhare rwa sinema mu gukundisha benshi MMA

Uko imikino njyarugamba ikomatanyije yagiye ikwirakwira mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi, kuva mu 1960 kugeza mu 1970 sinema z’imirwano zagize uruhare mu guteza imbere cyane MMA.

Mu 1973 hasohoka filime ya Bruce Lee yitwa mu “Enter the Dragon”, ituma abantu babona neza uburyohe bw’imikino njyarugamba ihurijwe hamwe.

Shooto na UFC, intangiriro ya MMA

Mu 1985, Amarushanwa yo mu Buyapani azwi nka Shooto yabaye urugero n’intangiro nziza ku mikino ya MMA, aho yari afite amategeko n’amabwiriza ayagenga.

Aya yakurikiwe n’amarushanwa ya UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yatangijwe tariki ya 12 Ugushyingo 1993.

Iri ryashinzwe n’abo mu muryango uzwi nka Gracie Family, ari na yo afatwa nk’ingingi ya mwamba ku mikino njyarugamba ya MMA.

Royce Gracie ukomoka muri uwo muryango yagaragaje imbaraga zidasanzwe akoresheje Brazilian jiu-jitsu mu ntangiriro za UFC, atsinda imirwano myinshi akoresheje ubumenyi bwo kurwanira hasi.

Nyuma ye hahise haduka imikino yo gukirana ku bakinnyi b’imbaraga zidasanzwe bazwi nka ‘Wrestlers’.

Enter the Dragon ya Bruce Lee yatumye abantu bakunda imikino ya MMA

Iterambere rya MMA

Nyuma yo mu 2000, abakinaga amarushanwa ya MMA bakoresheje gutera ibipfunsi, gukoresha imigeri n’imitwe, babonye ko ari ngombwa gushyiramo izindi tekiniki, batangira kongeramo n’ubumenyi bwa Taekwondo na Karate.

Anderson Silva na Georges St-Pierre babaye ibihangange kubera ubu buryo, begukana imikandara myinshi babikesha amarushanwa akomeye ya Wrestling, Muay Thai, Iteramakofe na Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

Uyu munsi MMA ni umukino ufite amategeko, umutekano n’ubuhanga buhanitse. Abakinnyi ntibagikeneye kuba abahanga mu kintu kimwe gusa, ahubwo baba ari abarwanyi buzuye bafite ubumenyi mu buryo bwinshi kandi butuma uyu mukino ukomeza gukura ku Isi yose.

Uyu warenze imigabane itandukanye ugera no muri Afurika, aho kugeza ubu hari irushanwa rya PFL Africa. Iri rikuriwe n’Umuyobozi w’Inama y’Ubutegetsi waryo, Francis Zavier Ngannou, ukomoka muri Cameroun.

Usibye uyu kandi hari abandi babaye ibyamamare muri iyi mikino nka Anderson Silva, Fedor Emelianenko, Georges St-Pierre, Jon Jones, Khabib Nurmagomedov, Conor McGregor n’abandi benshi.

Umikinnyi ugitangira gukina amarushanwa ya MMA kinyamwuga, ashobora kwinjiza hagati y’ibihumbi 10$ n’ibihumbi 30$ ku murwano umwe kugira ngo yitabire, yatsinda hakaba hakwiyongeraho ibindi bihumbi 10$.

Umukinnyi ugikanyakanya utaraba igihangange, ashobora gukorera hagati y’ibihumbi 80$ n’ibihumbi 250$ ku murwano umwe, yaba yatsinze cyangwa atatsinze.

Abakinnyi bamaze kuba ibihangange kandi bafite amateka mu mikino ya MMA, bashobora kwinjiza kuva ku bihumbi 500$ kugeza kuri miliyoni 3$ ku murwano umwe, ariko hakaba hari n’abageza kuri miliyoni 5$ bitewe n’uburemere bw’umukino.

Nubwo itanga agatubutse ndetse igakundwa n’abasaga miliyari 7 ku Isi, hari abakinnyi babuze ubuzima kubera yo.

Christian Lubenga yapfuye nyuma yo gukubitwa igipfunsi ku mutwe yakangirika ubwonko; Michael Kirkham yakomeretse mu mutwe amaraso agera ku bwonko bimuviramo urupfu; Gabriel Oluwasegun Olanrewaju yabaye Paralysie, naho Anthony "Rumble" Johnson yicwa na kanseri yatewe n’ibikomere yagize mu mubiri imbere.

Imikino ya MMA yinjiza agatubutse ariko hatabayeho kwitonda ubuzima burahangirikira