Itangazamakuru, nk’uko byemezwa n’abahanga benshi, iyo rikoze neza rifata umwanya wa kane w’ubutegetsi, nyuma y’Ubutegetsi Nshingamategeko, Ubutegetsi Nyubahirizategeko n’Ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza.

Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi bemeza ko iyo Itangazamakuru rikoreshejwe neza rihinduka umuyoboro w’amajyambere arambye, kuko rituma abaturage bamenya ibibera hirya no hino mu gihugu no ku isi, bakanamenya aho inyungu zabo ziherereye n’aho zitari.

Si ibyo gusa kandi, kuko bamenya n’uruhare rwabo mu majyambere yabo bwite n’ay’igihugu muri rusange, bityo bikabafasha guharanira imibereho myiza. Iyo mibereho myiza ntishobora kugerwaho mu gihe igihugu kidafite amahoro, cyangwa mu gihe abaturage badafite umutekano usesuye.

Birumvikana ko itangazamakuru rifite n’inshingano yo guharanira amahoro mbere ya byose, kugira ngo iyo nshingano kimwe na ziriya zindi zishobore kugerwaho, itangazamakuru rigomba kuba rifite, mu mikorere yaryo ya buri munsi, umurongo rikoreramo: uwo murongo ni wo politiki.

Iyo politiki nayo igomba kuba ari nziza, kuko iyo ibaye mbi itangazamakuru rihinduka intwaro isenya. Urugero ruturi hafi ni uruhare Itangazamakuru ryagize muri Jenoside yabaye mu gihugu cyacu mu 1994.

Itangazamakuru mu gihugu cyacu ryagize uruhare rugaragara muri Jenoside yo muri Mata 1994, nyamara u Rwanda rukaba ruri mu bihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu muri rusange no ku buryo bw’umwihariko ayateza imbere ubwisanzure bw’Itangazamakuru.

Birumvikana rero ko iyo ubwisanzure cyangwa ubwigenge butubahirije amategeko bushobora kubangamira abandi cyangwa bugateza umutekano muke mu gihugu.

Politiki y’Itangazamakuru twifuza ni itanga ubwisanzure n’ubwigenge bitabangamira abandi; ahubwo ubwisanzure n’ubwigenge bituma Itangazamakuru rigira uruhare mu kubaka igihugu, mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’ abagituye no mu gushimangira amahame ya demokarasi, nk’uko igihugu cyacu cyiyemeje kubigeraho muri «Vision 2020»

Nyuma y’aho Itangazamakuru rigiriye uruhare rugaragara mu gusenya iguhugu, ni ngombwa ko hashyirwaho umurongo uboneye Itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda rikoreramo kugira ngo itangazamakuru ritazongera bibaho kuba igikoresho cyo gusenya igihugu.

Ni muri urwo rwego habayeho inama n’ibiganiro byinshi byari bigamije kungurana ibitekerezo ku murongo Itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryakoreramo.

Aha twavuga bimwe muri ibyo biganiro:

*Amahugurwa yabereye mu kigo «Kicukiro Training Center» (KTC) ku wa 30-31/10/2002, agahuza minisiteri yari ifite Itangazamakuru mu nshingano zayo icyo gihe, ariyo minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Itangazamakuru n’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage, abanyamakuru n’abayobozi b’ibinyamakuru.

*Inama nyunguranabitekerezo yahuje, ku itariki ya 8/01/2004, MININFOR n’abashinzwe gutegura ibiganiro muri za minisiteri, mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, Abavugizi ba Polisi y’Igihugu kimwe n’abahagarariye ibigo ntaramakuru bikorera mu Rwanda.

*Inama yahuje, ku wa15/03/2004, MININFOR n’abahagarariye amashyaka ya politiki, abahagariye Abakuru b’Intara, abashinzwe gutegura ibiganiro mu nzego zinyuranye za Leta, abahagarariye ibigo ntaramakuru, n’abayobozi b’ibitangazamakuru.

Ibitekerezo byose byavuye muri ibyo biganiro nibyo bikubiye muri iyi nyandiko, byose bikaba bigamije gukosora amakosa amwe n’amwe Itangazamakuru ryakoze cyangwa ryashowemo no kugena umurongo mushya Itangazamakuru ryakoreramo.

Amateka y’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda

MBERE Y’UBUKOLONI

Itangazamakuru karande / Itangazamakuru ry’abakurambere

Mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu, Abanyarwanda bakoreshaga Itangazamakuru “KARANDE” cyangwa “ITANGAZAMAKURU RY’ ABAKURAMBERE”. Abanyarwanda bashoboraga guhererekanya amakuru mu magambo cyangwa bakifashisha bimwe mu bikoresho gakondo. Bashoboraga rero gukurikiranira hafi imitegekere y’igihugu ku buryo bworoshye; Amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza yavaga i Bwami abantu barayamenyaga kandi bakayakurikiza. Umwami yaratangaga igihugu cyose kikabimenya, igihugu cyaterwa kigatabarwa bidatinze, n’ibindi.

a) Itangazamakuru rishingiye ku biganiro:

Iryo tangazamakuru ry’abakurambere ryari rishingiye ku biganiro hagati y’abantu. Umuntu yumvaga inkuru nawe akayibwira abandi, nabo bakagenda bayibwirana bityo bityo igasakara. Ubu buryo ariko bwari bufite inenge kuko urwo ruhererekane rw’amagambo rimwe na rimwe rwavagamo ibihuha cyangwa amakabyankuru, bitewe n’uko umuntu yabwirwaga inkuru yajya kuyitangaza akayivuga uko itari kubera kwibagirwa, kumva nabi se cyangwa gushaka gusa kuyiryoshya no kuyikuririza.

b) Itangazamakuru rishingiye ku bikoresho gakondo:
Uretse guhererekanya inkuru hakoreshejwe amagambo, Abanyarwanda bashoboraga no kwifashisha bimwe mu bikoresho gakondo; nk’ingoma, ihembe n’umwirongi mu kugira amwe mu makuru basakaza.

*Nko mu mihango y’ibwami iyo umwami yatangaga hari uburyo budasanzwe ingoma yavugaga bityo abantu bose bakabimenya,

*Haba hari umuhigo waramutse hakavuzwa ihembe ribimenyesha

*Haba hari igitero kigiye kugabwa hakavuzwa impuruza

*Umwirongi wavuga ukamenya ko aho uvugiye bataramye

MU GIHE CYA GIKOLONI NA NYUMA YAHO, KUGEZA MURI 1994:

Itangazamakuru rishya

Iki gihe cyaranzwe n’Itangazamakuru rishya cyangwa rya kijyambere. Iyo tuvuze Itangazamakuru rishya cyangwa irya kijyambere, rigera ku bantu benshi (mass communication) tuba tuvuga Itangazamakuru ryandika, amaradiyo na televiziyo.

Mu Rwanda, mu gihe cya gikoloni haje gusa ibinyamakuru byandika ku buryo u Rwanda rwarinze rubona ubwigenge nta radiyo rugira, naho televiziyo yo yatangiye mu mwaka w’1993.

– Ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyabayeho ni «Kinyamateka», yashinzwe mu mwaka w’1933 n’Abapadiri bera b’ i Kabgayi.

Kinyamateka igitangira, yibandaga cyane ku nkuru za gatigisimu, ariko nyuma muri 1959-1960 izagushyiramo n’inkuru za politiki.

– Mu 1954 havutse ikinyamakuru cyitwa «Temps nouveaux d‟Afrique» cyavugaga amakuru y’akarere u Rwanda rurimo: u Burundi n’uburasira zuba bwa Kongo mbiligi.

– Mu 1955, Musenyeri Bigirumwami yashinze akanyamakuru k’abana kitwa «Hobe» n’ubu karacyabaho gasohokera mu icapiro Pallotti Press i Gikondo.

– Mu1959, nibwo hatangiye Itangazamakuru rya Leta, imfura yaryo ikaba ari «Imvaho» yandikirwaga mu biro bya Rezida, ni ukuvuga uwari uhagarariye ubutegetsi bw’Ububiligi mu Rwanda.

– Muri 1961, nibwo Radiyo Rwanda yatangiye.

Nyuma y’aho u Rwanda rusubiraniye ubwigenge, Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri zaranzwe n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu gikabije, ku buryo mu rwego rw’itangazamakuru, nta kintu kigaragara cyakozwe.

Ubusanzwe birazwi ikintu cya mbere ubutegetsi nk’ubwo bukora, ni ugupfuka abaturage umunwa, bukababuza kuvuga ngo batabangamira inyungu z’umuntu umwe cyangwa z’agatsiko. Kubuza abaturage kuvuga rero ni ukubuza Itangazamakuru kwisanzura.

Mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga 30, havutse gusa ibinyamakuru 3:

Icya mbere ni ikiswe «Urumuri rwa Demokarasi» cy’ishyaka MDR Parmehutu cyavutse mu w’1963, cyaje guhagarara mu mwaka w’1973, hanyuma cyongera kubyutswa muri 1991, ubwo MDR nayo yongeraga kubyutswa.

«Le Coopérateur – Umunyamuryango», cyashinzwe muri 1965 gitangijwe na koperative TRAFIPRO gihagarikwa mu 1985.

Mu 1963 havutse ikinyamakuru cyitwa «Rwanda carrefour d‟Afrique» cyandikwaga mu ndimi eshatu : igifaransa, icyongereza n’ igiswahili. Muri 1973 cyaje gusimburwa na «La Relève». Ubu isigaye yitwa «La Nouvelle Relève» cyandika mu Gifaransa.

Kuva mu 1973 kugeza muri 1989, nta kinyamakuru na kimwe cyigeze cyongera kuvuka, ahubwo n’ibyari biriho byaciwe intege, bimwe birahagarara, abanyamakuru baratotezwa karahava.

Nyamara mu 1990, cyane cyane kuva aho intambara yo kubohoza u Rwanda itangirijwe na FPR–Inkotanyi, ibinyamakuru byararumbutse, ku buryo mu 1993 ibinyamakuru byageze kuri 60.

Abaturage baboneyeho umwanya barinigura, ubutegetsi nabwo bushinga ibinyamakuru bigamije ahanini kubacamo ibice bishingiye ku moko n’uturere.

Ibyo binyamakuru by’abari ku butegetsi byari bigamije kubiba amacakubiri, byaje gutizwa umurindi na Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (R.T.L.M), benshi bita “Radiyo Rutwitsi”, nayo yashingiwe kubiba inzangano hagati y’Abanyarwanda.

Ntawavuga Itangazamakuru ry’u Rwanda mu gihe cy’intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda atavuze “Radiyo Muhabura” yahoze ari iya FPR-Inkotanyi.

Iyo radiyo yaranzwe n’imikorere ihuza Abanyarwanda, yibandaga cyane cyane ku kugaragaza ingaruka z’ubutegetsi bubi bwariho icyo gihe mu gihugu cyacu cy’u Rwanda.

Mu gihe «Radiyo Muhabura» yahamagariraga Abanyarwanda bose kwifatanya bakabohora igihugu cyababyaye, ibinyamakuru na za radiyo (radiyo rwanda na RTLM) byo byibandaga ku nkuru z’amatiku, cyane ko ibyinshi byari byarashyiriweho gukorera politiki cyangwa kwamamaza politiki ya ba nyirabyo, ku buryo nk’abanyamakuru bamwe ba Leta ntaho bari bataniye n’abakozi bo muri perezidansi cyangwa abo mu biro bikuru bya MRND.

Mu itangazamakuru ryigenga ho byari ibicika; ibinyamakuru byari bibogamiye ku mashyaka ya politiki. Ikindi ni uko ibyo binyamakuru byari byarahindutse indangururamajwi z’abanyapolitiki.

Ntawe utibuka amategeko10 y’abahutu yasohotse muri «Kangura» mu mpera za 1990 n’andi magambo yuzuye amacakubiri yakomeje kwandikwa muri icyo kinyamakuru n’abanditsi babyo nka NGEZE Hassan, NYABYENDA Issa, HITIMANA Noheli na bagenzi babo.

By’umwihariko RTLM ikaba yari yarashyiriweho gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside kandi yabigezeho, kuko uwo yatangaga ntiyararaga, iyo yabaga atabonye uko ahunga.

UKO ITANGAZAMAKURU RYIFASHE MU RWANDA MURI IKI GIHE

Ibyo kwishimira biriho:

a) ITEGEKO N°18/2002 RIGENGA ITANGAZAMAKURU ryavuguruwe n’itegeko N° 22/2009 ryo kuwa 12/08/2009 RIGENGA ITANGAZAMAKURU.

Ubu mu Rwanda n’itegeko N° 22/2009 ryo kuwa 12/08/2009 RIGENGA ITANGAZAMAKURU, abanyamakuru ubwabo bakaba baragize uruhare mu kuritegura.

Ingingo nyinshi z’iryo tegeko zigaruka cyane ku bwisanzure n’ubwigenge by’Itangazamakuru.

Abanyamakuru buri gihe bahabwa amahugugwa agamije kubafasha kurisobanukirwa kugira ngo barusheho kuryubahiriza.

Hari n’andi mategeko cyangwa amateka yemejwe yose agamije guteza imbere Itangazamakuru no kurifasha kugera ku bwisanzure bwaryo.

b) Ibinyamakuru byinshi (ibyigenga n’ibya Leta): Nyuma y’imyaka 20 Jenoside ihagaritswe, ubu umubare w’ibinyamakuru, cyane cyane iby’abikorera ku giti cyabo uragenda urushaho kwiyongera buri munsi. Igishimishije kurushaho ni uko byose usanga bishishikajwe no kugira uruhare mu kubaka u Rwanda no kubanisha neza Abanyarwanda.

c) Ibitangazamakuru byigenga byatangiye gukora: Kuva aho Itegeko rishya rigenga Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda rigiriyeho abashoramari b’Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abanyamahanga bahagurukiye gushyiraho ibitangazamakuru byabo. Hari radio 27,ibinyamakuru 32,na television zigenga zimaze kurenga 1 haba izikorera kuri internet ndetse n’izisakaza amashusho mu buryo bumenyerewe.

d) Amashuri y’itangazamakuru: Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye cyane. Muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda ishuri ry’itangazamakuru ryashinzwe mu 1996 rimaze kugeza ku isoko abanyamakuru babyize kandi bashobora gutuma akazi karebana n’uwo mwuga kagenda neza cyane cyane ko baniganjemo urubyiruko; Mount Kenya university yatangiye mu 2012.

e) Ikarita y’abanyamakuru ubu iriho: Kuba ubu hari ikarita yagenewe abanyamakuru ni intambwe ishimishije u Rwanda rumaze kugeraho mu rwego rwo gufata kimwe abanyamakuru mu gihe cyo gutara inkuru.

Ubu kubera iyo karita, abanyamakuru bose baba aba Leta cyangwa abikorera ku giti cyabo, bahabwa uburenganzira bungana bwo kugera ahantu batara inkuru nta vangura nk’uko byari bimeze mu gihe gishize.

IBIBAZO N’INGORANE BIKIRI MU ITANGAZAMAKURU

N’ubwo ibikwiye kwishimirwa ari byinshi, ingorane nazo ziracyahari. N’ubundi ngo «Nta byera ngo de!» Dore zimwe mu nzitizi zikomeje kubangamira Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda:

a) Ubukene: U Rwanda ni igihugu kibarirwa muri 20 bya nyuma bikennye ku isi. Ubwo bukene rero nta kuntu butagera mu nzego zose z’ibikorwa mu gihugu, harimo n’Itangazamakuru.

Uretse ibikoresho bike mu bigo by’Itangazamakuru, hariho n’uko ibigurwa hanze usanga bihenze kubera ko hiyongeraho imisoro. Ibyo ni nk’impapuro, icapiro n’ibindi.

Guhenda kw’ibikoresho by’Itangazamakuru bituma hatabaho ibinyamakuru, kandi n’ibibonetse ugasanga kugira ngo umusomyi akigure ari ingorabahizi kuko kiba gihenze.

Mu cyaro rero ho abantu bashobora kubona uburyo bwo kugura ikinyamakuru ni bake cyane, ibi bigatuma n’ibinyamakuru bishoboye gusohoka bitagurwa, maze igihombo ntigitume bishobora kuguma gukora.

No mu mujyi ariko, abashoboye kugura ibinyamakuru usanga nabo batabyitabira kubera ingeso y’uko Abanyarwanda benshi badakunda gusoma ahubwo bashimishwa no kumva ibivugwa.

Ikindi kandi amikoro make n’umubare munini w’Abanyarwanda batazi gusoma no kwandika bituma batitabira gukurikirana neza amakuru y’ibibera mu gihugu.

Gusa iki kibazo gisa nk’aho kitagiteye inkeke cyane, bigeye yuko abenshi mu basoma kuri ubu bagenda bamenyera gukoresha internet, uko imyaka ihita kandi n’ibinyamakuru byandikirwa kuri internet bikaba nabyo bigenda byiyongera bigaragara.

b) Ubwisanzure bugifite imbogamizi: Nubwo Itegeko ry’Itangazamakuru ririho ubu, ritanga ubwisanzure buhagije mu gukora uwo mwuga, abakora uwo mwuga ntibarasobanukirwa bihagije n’ubwisanzure bafite, kimwe n’uko inzego zimwe zitaracengerwa neza nazo n’ubwo bwisanzure.

Niyo mpamvu amahugurwa yo kurisobanura azakomeza gutangwa, kugira ngo ubwisanzure bw’Itangazamakuru bukwiye bugerweho, hatabayeho kuvogera, kubangamira cyangwa kubwishisha.

Ibyo kandi birasaba kongera ubumenyi bw’abanyamakuru bo mu Rwanda, kuko byagaragaye ko abakora umwuga w’itangazamakuru ari abantu babonetse bose, bamwe ndetse ari nk’ababuze imikoro bakirukira mu Itangazamakuru, bigasa nk’aho ari ubuhungiro bw’abashomeri.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingorane zijyanye no kutamenya igikwiye gukorwa ziriyongera zigatuma n’uwo mwuga utagira agaciro ukwiye mu gihugu, kubera ko na none usanga rimwe na rimwe umusaruro wawo nta bushishozi buhagije buba bugaragaramo.

c) Kudaha agaciro amahame-remezo agenga abanyamakuru: Umwuga uwo ariwo wose ugira umurongo ngenderwaho abawukoramo bakubahiriza uwo murongo kugira ngo hato utabangamira abo wagombye kugirira akamaro.

Abanyamakuru bishyiriyeho amahame-remezo agenga umwuga wabo nubwo hari hashize igihe kirekire atariho, akaba yari inzitizi ikomeye cyane yatumaga itangazamakuru ritagira umusaruro ushimishije. Ikibabaje gusa ni uko bamwe mu banyamakuru (n’ubwo atari benshi) badaha agaciro ayo mahame-remezo kandi ari bo bayishyiriyeho.

d) Kutagira ibinyamakuru bikora ubucukumbuzi (ubushakashatsi) mu nzego zihariye: Ibinyamakuru hafi ya byose ntibyitabira gukora ubucukumbuzi mu nzego zihariye nk’ubuhinzi, ubukungu, ubuvuzi, siporo, n’ibidukikije.

Ibyo ariko ahanini bikaba bituruka ku bintu abantu bakunda gusoma, bityo n’ibitangazamakuru byose ugasanga bishishikazwa no kwandika inkuru bazi ko izatuma ibinyamakuru byabo bigurwa. Ingaruka ni uko usanga ibinyamakuru hafi ya byose byandika inkuru nanone zenda gusa.

e) Kutagira ibinyamakuru bisohoka buri munsi: Kuba nta binyamakuru bisohoka buri munsi bihagije nabyo usanga ari indi nzitizi itoroshye ku Itangazamakuru ryacu, kuko inkuru ijya gusohoka itagifite agaciro kanini, bityo n’abantu ntibitabire kugura ibinyamakuru bihari kuko abenshi bavuga ko ari impitagihe.

f) Abanyarwanda benshi ntibazi gusoma, abandi ntibamenya akamaro kabyo cyangwa se ntibamenye gushungura inkuru basomye: Iyi ni inzitizi itoroshye ku Itangazamakuru ryacu, kugira ngo ibonerwe umuti bikaba bisaba ko abaturarwanda bose bakangurirwa akamaro ko kwiga gusoma no kwandika, ababizi nabo bakibutswa agaciro ko kubimenya no kubisobanukirwa.

g) Umuco wo kudasoma: Abanyarwanda muri kamere yabo ntibakunda gusoma. Ibyo bigaragarira no ku bantu bize, aho usanga batagura ibinyamakuru. Uwo muco wo kudasoma rero utuma ibinyamakuru bitagurwa, amikoro y’abanyamakuru n’ubusanzwe aba ari ntayo bigatuma ikinyamakuru gihagarika kitamaze kabiri.

h) Abanyamakuru batazi umwuga: Abanyamakuru benshi ntibigiye iby’itangazamakuru. Nta n’amahugurwa babona mbere yo gukora akazi kabo k’itangazamakuru. Ibyo bituma abakora uwo mwuga w’ubunyamakuru batarabyigiye bawukora uko bidakwiye ndetse akenshi bahuzagurika.

Tumaze kubona inshingano zihabwa Itangazamakuru, tumaze kwibukiranya amateka yaranze Itangazamakuru ryacu, no kurebera hamwe uko rimeze muri iki gihe, ni ngombwa kugena umurongo cyangwa politiki Itangazamakuru ryakoreramo. Uwo murongo ukaba ugizwe n’ibintu by’ingenzi biranga Itangazamakuru ryiza:

1. Kuvugisha ukuri: Mu buzima busanzwe kuvugisha ukuri ni ingingo y’ibanze kandi y’ingirakamaro, kuko bituma abantu bakugirira icyizere ndetse bakakubaha. Mu Rwanda rwo hambere iyo umuntu yasohozaga ubutumwa uko yabuhawe, yarizerwaga, rimwe na rimwe akanagororerwa.

Ikindi kandi mu Kinyarwanda inshuti nziza ni yayindi itinyuka kukubwiza ukuri itakuryarya. Usibye ibyo, ururimi rwacu rushimangira mu migani inyuranye ubudahangarwa bw’ukuri. Twavuga nk’aho buvuga ngo «Kuvugisha ukuri ntibyica umutumirano», Ibi rero bikaba bigaragaza ko abantu bashobora kubaka bashingiye ku kuri aho kubeshyana.

Nyamara ariko siko bihora bimeze, kuko n’ubundi «ukuri ubwira umucuzi siko ubwira umucuzikazi». Kuvugisha ukuri rero bikaba bisaba kwitonda no gushishoza, ukareba igihe ukuvugiye, uwo ukubwiye n’impamvu ukumubwiye, kuko bitabaye ibyo, bishobora kuguteranya na mugenzi wawe kandi wenda hari izindi nzira byari gucamo.

Nubwo rero ukuri kutagomba gupfukiranwa, ni ngombwa no kugira ubushishozi buhagije, kugira ngo uko kuri gushobore koko kubaka umuryango nyarwanda.

2. Kugira ubwigenge: Ubwigenge cyangwa ubwisanzure ni ihame ndakuka Itangazamakuru rigomba kugira, guhabwa cyangwa guharanira igihe ritabufite.
Kugira ngo rishobore gutunganya iyi nshingano yo kubaka igihugu uko bikwiye rigomba kwitwaza intwaro zo kudasebanya, gushishoza, kutabogama, kudashyushya imitwe, kudateza amacakubiri, … Muri make, rigomba kwitwaza intwaro yo gukurikiza amategeko agenga igihugu muri rusange n’itegeko ry’Itangazamakuru ku buryo bw’umwihariko.

3. Kwirinda amarangamutima: Kimwe n’akandi kazi gasanzwe, Itangazamakuru ntirigomba gukoranwa amarangamutima kuko byatuma rikora nabi, ntiryizerwe kandi ntirigere no ku nshingano rihabwa.

Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke abanyamakuru bakwiriye kwirinda gutangaza inkuru badafitiye gihamya, kuko n’ubundi umunyamakuru ntahimba inkuru ahubwo arayivuga.

4. Kwirinda gutangaza ibikozasoni: Mu mikorere yaryo ya buri munsi, Itangazamakuru rigomba kwirinda kuba akarima k’ibikozasoni, ibitutsi, amashusho n’amagambo by’urukozasoni, cyangwa ibindi bintu bigamije guharabika, gusebanya, N’IBINDI.

Uretse no kuba byanduza umuco nyarwanda, ibintu nk’ibyo bibujijwe n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko Nshinga, ubundi kandi binatesha agaciro umwuga ubwawo ndetse n’abawukora.

5. Gukurikiza amategeko n‟amahame remezo agenga abanyamakuru: Ni byiza kuba ubu abanyamakuru baragize uruhare mu gushyiraho Itegeko rigenga Itangazamakuru. Ni byiza kandi kuba ubu nanone abanyamakuru barishyiriyeho amahame remezo abagenga. Ariko ibyo ntibihagije.

Kubera ko Itegeko rishyirirwaho kubahirizwa, ni ngombwa ko inzego zibishinzwe zirushaho gushishikariza abanyamakuru kuzirikana iteka iryo tegeko no kwihatira gukurikiza amahame-remezo abagenga. Ibyo bizatuma barushaho gukora neza umwuga wabo, banawuheshe agaciro kurushaho.

6. Kugira itangazamakuru ryubaka: Itangazamakuru rimeze nk’imbugita y’amugi abiri, kuko iyo rikoreshejwe nabi risenya, ryaba rikoreshejwe neza rikubaka.

Duhereye ku ruhare ryagize muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda, Itangazamakuru ryakoreshejwe nabi maze rihinduka intwaro ikomeye yakoreshejwe cyane mu gusenya igihugu.

Aho ibihe bigeze, rigomba gukoreshwa neza rigahinduka inkingi ya mwamba izindi zihuriraho. Ibyo bizashoboka ari uko Itangazamakuru rishishikarijwe kugira uruhare mu gushakashakira no gutangariza abo rigeraho bose ibitekerezo byubaka.

Ku buryo bw’umwihariko Gahunda ya Guverinoma ikaba ishimangira ko Itangazamakuru rigomba kugira uruhare mu «kubaka u Rwanda rushya, rwunze ubumwe, rushishikarizwa amajyambere arambye n’imibereho myiza.»

By’umwihariko, itangazamakuru rigomba kugira uruhare mu; Ubuyobozi bwiza, Kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane, Guharanira ubuzima buzira umuze, Kwita ku bidukikije, no Gufata neza ibikorwa-remezo.

7. Kugira ubumenyi n‟ubuhanga: Kugira ngo Itangazamakuru rigere ku shingano zaryo rigomba gukoranwa ubumenyi n’ubuhanga (professionalisme). Abakora umwuga w’Itangazamakuru bakwiye guhugurwa buri gihe, kandi bagahabwa ibikoresho bigezweho kugira ngo badasigara inyuma.

8. Kwitabira ku buryo bugaragara ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT): Itangazamakuru ntirigomba gusigara inyuma mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga (ICT). Abanyamakuru bagomba guhugurwa no gushishikarizwa gukoresha ubwo buryo bugezweho mu itumanaho, haba mu gutara inkuru, kuzitunganya ndetse no kuzigeza ku bo zigenewe.

Usibye ibyo kandi, Itangazamakuru rigomba gufasha Leta muri gahunda yo gusobanurira abaturarwanda ibyiza byo kwitabira no gukoresha ubwo buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

9. Kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere inzego zinyuranye z‟ubuzima bw‟igihugu: Kubera ko Itangazamakuru rihurirwaho n’inzego nyishi, ni ngombwa ko rigira uruhare rugaragara mu guteza imbere izo nzego. Birumvikana rero ko nta rwego na rumwe rwagombye guhezwa mu Itangazamakuru.

Hakurikijwe ya nshingano yo kwigisha cyangwa iyo kumenyekanisha amakuru, abanyamakuru bagombye gushakashakira inkuru mu nzego zinyuranye.

Ibyo bizatuma inzego zose zizamukira rimwe muri wa mugambi wo kubaka igihugu. Kimwe n’uko ritagomba kugira urwego riheza, Itangazamakuru ntirikwiye no kugira ngombwa rero ko rigaragaramo ingeri zinyuranye z’ubuzima kugira ngo zuzuzanye. (spécialisation, diversité et complémentarité)

10. Itangazamakuru ntirigomba kubangamira umutekano w‟igihugu: Nk’uko Itangazamakuru ridakwiriye kumva ko ritarebwa n’umutekano rusange w’igihugu, ntirikwiriye no kuba imbarutso cyangwa intandaro y’umutekano muke, kuko n’ubundi na ryo ridashobora gukora neza mu gihe nta mutekano uhari.

UMWANZURO

Biragaragara ko Itangazamakuru mu Rwanda rifite byinshi rigomba gukora kugira ngo ibisare ryatewe n’uruhare ryagize mu kubiba amacakubiri no kuba igikoresho cya Jenoside, bisibangane, niyo mpamvu inshingano zaryo ziyongereye.

Umwanditsi ni umunyeshuri mu mategeko muri kaminuza
[email protected]