Ibikorwa bye bigaragara cyane mu mezi 17 y’ingenzi, kuva muri Werurwe 1991 kugeza muri Kanama 1992, ni we wari ijwi ry’u Bufaransa mu bibazo by’u Rwanda. Yitwaga Paul Dijoud.

Abanyarwanda bamwibukira ku magambo yabwiye Paul Kagame i Paris muri Nzeri 1991, amuburira ko n’iyo FPR yagera i Kigali, itazahasanga abantu bayo, ko bose bazaba barishwe.

Mu 1998, Dijoud yabajijwe kuri ayo magambo, maze asubiza ko atayibuka.

Uyu mugabo n’ibyagejeje kuri aya magambo, ni byo tugiye kugarukaho. Iyo ukurikiranye inyandiko ze, ijambo ku rindi, ubona uko politiki y’igihugu ishobora kugenda yubakwa, amaherezo ikabyara amahano.

Le Figaro ni cyo kinyamakuru cya mbere cyatangaje uburyo Perezida Kagame yafunzwemo

Reka duhere muri Werurwe 1991

Paul Dijoud yatangiye kuyobora Ishami rishinzwe Afurika na Madagascar muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Bufaransa muri Werurwe 1991.

Yari yarabaye Minisitiri ku butegetsi bwa Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, aza guhinduka umudipolomate wo ku rwego rwo hejuru, ahabwa kuyobora icyo Abafaransa bita Direction des Affaires Africaines et Malgaches.

Mu 1998, yabwiye Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ko atari yarasabye uwo mwanya, ariko ko amaze kuwuhabwa, yahise yinjirana umwete muri politiki y’u Bufaransa muri Afurika, by’umwihariko mu byo yise “ikibazo gikomeye cyane cy’u Rwanda.”

U Rwanda Dijoud yari ashinzwe rwari rumaze kujya mu ntambara, kandi u Bufaransa na bwo bwari bwaramaze kuyinjiramo. Paul Dijoud yagiye mu nshingano hashize iminsi mike FPR Inkotanyi itangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990.

Mu minsi mike yakurikiyeho, ingabo z’Abafaransa zoherejwe mu Rwanda mu cyiswe Opération Noroît.

Muri Mutarama 1991, nyuma y’igitero gikomeye FPR-Inkotanyi yagabye mu Ruhengeri, Perezida François Mitterrand wayoboraga u Bufaransa byamuriye ahantu maze avuga ko agomba guhorera Habyarimana.

U Bufaransa bwohereje mu ibanga itsinda rya gisirikare ryitwaga DAMI, ryari rigamije kongerera ubushobozi Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Ryagombaga kumara amezi ane gusa, ariko ryaje kuhaguma imyaka ibiri n’igice.

Mu buhamya yatanze mu 1998, Dijoud yasobanuye imikorere y’urwego yari arimo mu buryo budasanzwe. Yavuze ko amakuru yavaga mu ishami yayoboraga, akajya muri Biro bya Minisitiri, hanyuma akoherezwa muri Élysée kwa Perezida Mitterrand.

Mitterrand wakurikiranaga cyane ibibera muri Afurika, yasuzumaga ibyo byifuzo abinyujije mu itsinda ryamugiraga inama kuri Afurika, hanyuma bikavamo politiki y’igihugu.

Iruhande rwaryo hari itsinda ry’abasirikare bari inkoramutima za Perezida Mitterrand ku giti cye. Dijoud yashimagije cyane abajenerali Christian Quesnot na Jean-Pierre Huchon, avuga ko buri gihe bari basangiye “umurongo umwe n’imyemerere imwe.”

Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, Komisiyo Duclert yashyizweho na Macron ngo igenzure uruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yaje kugaragaza ko Quesnot na Huchon bari bafitiye urwango rukomeye FPR-Inkotanyi n’umuyobozi wayo.

Dijoud yavuze ko politiki y’u Bufaransa yari igizwe n’ingingo eshanu, gusa imwe muri zo yari ikomeye kurusha izindi. Muri izo eshanu, iya kane Dijoud ubwe yemeye ko yari “igoye gusobanurira Abafaransa,” yari “Kwirinda ko FPR itsinda Ingabo z’u Rwanda ku rugamba.”

Ni ibyo we yivugiye ku wa 20 Gicurasi 1998.

Yasobanuye ko FPR-Inkotanyi iramutse ifashe ubutegetsi, mu gihugu kirimo abaturage benshi bayirwanya, byari guteza “ibihe bitashoboraga kwihanganirwa, kwihorera, ibikorwa byo guhohotera no guhembera intambara y’abaturage.” Aho ni ho yahereye avuga ko FPR-Inkotanyi itagombaga kwemererwa gutsinda.

Yasobanuye ko u Bufaransa butashoboraga kujya ku rugamba mu buryo bweruye, bityo bwari guha Ingabo z’u Rwanda imyitozo n’ibikoresho.

Iyo politiki ni yo aha ikomokaho amagambo yabwiye Perezida Kagame mu mezi yakurikiyeho.

Reka dukomereze muri Nyakanga–Kanama 1991

Muri Nyakanga 1991, nyuma y’isuzuma rya politiki y’u Bufaransa ryari ryategetswe na Perezida Mitterrand, Dijoud yateguye kandi ayobora urugendo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kuva ku wa 12 kugeza ku wa 18 Nyakanga.

Yari kumwe na Jenerali Jean-Pierre Huchon wo mu itsinda rya gisirikare ryakoraga hafi ya Perezida. Dijoud yavuze ko kuba bari kumwe byagaragazaga uko Perezida ubwe yari ahangayikishijwe n’ibibazo by’u Rwanda.

Nyuma yaho yaje mu Rwanda. Ubutumwa yanditse, bwaje gusomwa mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 1998, bugaragaza ko yari mu Rwanda kuva ku wa 18 kugeza ku wa 20 Nyakanga 1991.

Nk’uko ubwe yabivuze, bwari ubwa mbere akandagiye mu gihugu yari amaze amezi ane agira uruhare rukomeye mu kugena ahazaza hacyo.

Yavuze ko yatangajwe cyane, kuva ku rugendo rwe rwa mbere mu Rwanda, n’umwuka wari i Kigali no mu bice by’icyaro. Ati “Abantu baratinyanaga.”

Yavuye i Kigali yanzuye maze mu magambo ye abisobanura neza ati “Byari bisobanutse ko ibintu bibabaje byari kubaho hatagize igikorwa cyo kubikumira.”

Wibuke neza itariki n’ayo magambo. Muri Nyakanga 1991, umuyobozi w’u Bufaransa ushinzwe Afurika yari ahagaze i Kigali no mu misozi y’u Rwanda.

Yari yariboneye ubwoba bwari mu gihugu, kandi nyuma yemeza ko yari yarabonye ko ibyago bikomeye byari byegereje, hatagize igikorwa cyo kubikumira. Kandi koko ntacyo yakoze.

Icyabaye ahubwo ni uko nyuma y’amezi abiri, i Paris, yabwiye Umuyobozi w’Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi ko nagera i Kigali atazahasanga abe bakiriho. Ayo magambo yo muri Nzeri ntiyari igitekerezo cyavugiwe kure y’ibyaberaga mu Rwanda.

Yavuzwe n’umuntu wari warazengurutse igihugu, akibonera ubwoba n’amaso ye kandi nyuma akemera ko yari yasobanukiwe n’icyo bwashoboraga kubyara.

Icyo gihe Dijoud yamaze iminsi mu Rwanda. Yahuye na Perezida Habyarimana inshuro ebyiri.

Mu nama ya mbere yo mu gitondo cyo ku wa 18 Nyakanga, yamaze hafi amasaha abiri, Habyarimana yasobanuye icyo yise “igitero igihugu cye cyagabweho” kuva ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990.

Yagarutse ku ruhare rukomeye inkunga y’u Bufaransa yagize mu gufasha Ingabo z’u Rwanda, kongera kwihagararaho ku rugamba.

Ku wa 19 Nyakanga, Dijoud yahurije i Kigali ba Ambasaderi b’u Bufaransa bakoreraga i Kampala, i Bujumbura, i Nairobi, i Kinshasa n’i Kigali, kugira ngo politiki y’u Bufaransa mu karere ihuzwe n’umurongo yari yashyizeho.

Mu myanzuro yabo handitswemo ko “Kuguma kw’ingabo z’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda bikomeje kuba ngombwa kugira ngo igihugu kigire ituze.”

Muri iryo joro, Habyarimana yongeye kwakira Dijoud, kuri iyi nshuro amwakirira mu rugo rwe bwite i Kigali. Dijoud avuga ko umugore wa Habyarimana yamwakirije urugwiro, akamuzanira icyo kunywa.

Yavuye i Kigali yemeje ko u Bufaransa bugomba guhuriza FPR -Inkotanyi na Leta y’u Rwanda ku meza y’ibiganiro. Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe, muri Kanama 1991, Dijoud yayoboreye i Paris inama yahuje Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’iya Uganda. Yayifunguye avuga amagambo agaragara muri Raporo ya Muse.

Yavuze ko “uburyo u Bufaransa bukoresha nta ruhande bubogamiyeho; bugamije gusa gufasha kugarura amahoro ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.”

Uwari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Casimir Bizimungu, yahise yihutira kumenyesha Perezida Habyarimana ibyavugiwe mu nama. Yasobanuye ko uruhande rw’u Bufaransa ari uko FPR-Inkotanyi itsindwa.

Bizimungu yanditse ko Dijoud yamushatse nyuma y’uko intumwa za Uganda zitashye, kugira ngo “yongere yemeze ko u Bufaransa bushyigikiye u Rwanda nta mpaka.”

Bizimungu yanditse kandi ko bombi baganiriye ku buryo Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zaguma mu Rwanda, n’iyo amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano yasaba ko ingabo z’amahanga ziva mu gihugu.

Protais Musoni ni umwe mu bibuka neza politiki ya Dijoud kuri FPR. Muri Raporo ya Muse igaruka ku ruhare rw’u Bufaransa muri Jenoside, yagize ati “Kuri Dijoud, Abanyafurika bari abantu badafite ubwenge kurusha abandi […]. Ku Bafaransa, ikibazo nticyari ibitekerezo bya politiki, ahubwo cyari amoko.”

Inama yagejeje ku ifungwa rya Perezida Kagame i Paris mu Bufaransa

Dijoud ni we watumiye Paul Kagame i Paris. Abanyarwanda batanu ni bo bicaye ku meza y’ibiganiro: abo ni Paul Kagame, wari ufite imyaka 33, wari uyoboye itsinda kandi akaba yari ageze mu Bufaransa bwa mbere; Jacques Bihozagara, Dr Emmanuel Ndahiro, Aloysie Inyumba na Patrick Mazimpaka.

Ku ruhande rw’u Bufaransa, hari abagabo babiri ari bo Paul Dijoud wo muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga y’u Bufaransa na Jean-Christophe Mitterrand, umuhungu wa Perezida Mitterrand.

Urwo rugendo, kuva ku wa 17 kugeza ku wa 23 Nzeri 1991, n’inama yabaye ahagana ku wa 21 Nzeri, byemezwa n’ubutumwa bwa Dijoud bwo ku wa 27 Nzeri bwiswe Visite à Paris du Major Kagame, ndetse n’ubuhamya Edwige Avice wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’ubufatanye n’iterambere, yatanze mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Ubutumwa bwa Dijoud buvuga ko inama Kagame yagiranye na we hamwe na Jean-Christophe Mitterrand zagombaga kubanza kugirwa ibanga.

Bunagaragaza intego u Bufaransa bwari bufite, mu magambo ya Dijoud ubwe. Bwashakaga kwinjiza FPR-Inkotanyi mu biganiro by’amahoro “u Bufaransa bwari kuyobora.”

Bwashakaga ko Kagame yemera icyerekezo cy’u Bufaransa cy’ubwiyunge kandi akumva “ingaruka mbi zo gukomeza urugamba.” Bwashakaga “gukuraho ukutumvikana” ku nshingano z’Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari mu Rwanda, kandi bwashakaga “kugaragaza ko u Bufaransa ari inshuti y’Abanyarwanda bose, nta n’umwe buheza.”

Iyo usomye izo ntego uzigereranyije n’ibyabaye muri Kanama, ubona ukuntu zavuguruzanyaga. Ibyabereye muri iyo nama biterwa n’inkuru usoma. Dijoud ni we wabanje kwandika iye.

Nyuma y’iminsi itandatu, yanditse ko inama yari yagenze neza. Yavuze ko Major Kagame “atigeze ahisha ko yishimiye” kwakirwa muri Minisiteri.

Yanditse ko Kagame “yakiriye neza amahirwe” yo kuvuga uko yabonaga ikibazo cy’u Rwanda, kandi ko yagaragaje ko yiteguye kwakira igitekerezo cyose cy’u Bufaransa cyaganisha ku biganiro by’amahoro.

Perezida Kagame yibuka iyo nama mu bundi buryo.

Inkuru ye yabanje gutangazwa na Le Figaro mu Ugushyingo 1997, yemezwa na Jacques Bihozagara wari mu ntumwa za FPR-Inkotanyi, yandikwa na Komisiyo Mucyo mu 2008, kandi ayisobanurira mu buryo burambuye abakoze iperereza rya Muse.

Yavuze ko inama yatangiye ihinduka impaka zikomeye. Dijoud yamusabye guhagarika imirwano, undi amusobanurira ko imirwano yari ifite impamvu zagombaga kubanza gukemurwa.

Impaka zarakomeye, maze Dijoud ararakara, afata ibisubizo bya Kagame nk’ubwirasi.

Ati “Nagerageje gusobanura ndavuga nti ‘‘Si uko dukunda kurwana, ntabwo turi kurwana kuko dukunda imirwano. Nagiye mu mateka n’ibindi. Akomeza guhatiriza na none, noneho ikiganiro kirashyuha, nararakayemo gake ndamusubiza.’’

‘‘Aravuga ngo mugomba kurekera kurwana kuko nimutarekera, nubwo mwafata Kigali ntabwo muzabona abantu banyu. Ibi ni byo yambwiye mu nama. Bwa mbere sinumvise icyo uyu mugabo yashakaga gusobanura cyo kutabona abantu bacu. Ariko mu buryo butaziguye byasobanuraga ko bazicwa. Inama yararangiye ariko ntabwo ari inama yagenze neza, ubwo twari turi gusohoka araduherekeza muri ‘corridor’ aravuga ariko yavugaga mu buryo bw’ininura, ngo nizere ko tuzahura ubutaha warabaye Umuyobozi w’igisirikare gishya cy’u Rwanda.’’

Mu nyandiko ya mbere yatangajwe na Le Figaro mu 1997, ayo magambo yari yeruye kurushaho.

Dijoud yabwiye Kagame ko batazasanga abavandimwe n’imiryango yabo, kuko bose bazaba baramaze kwicwa.

Ubutumwa bwa Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwo ku wa 10 Nyakanga 1992, imyaka ibiri mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, buvuga ko intumwa za FPR-Inkotanyi zabwiye abayobozi b’Abanyamerika, Abafaransa n’Ababiligi ko zari zarahungabanyijwe cyane n’ubutumwa Dijoud yazihaye muri Nzeri 1991.

Bwavugaga ko Ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari mu Rwanda kugira ngo zirinde ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana.

Muri urwo rugendo rw’i Paris, abapolisi bambaye imyenda isanzwe binjiye ku ngufu mu cyumba Kagame yari arimo muri Hilton Hotel, ku muhanda wa Avenue de Suffren.

Bari bitwaje imbunda, baramubwira ngo abyuke. We n’intumwa yari ayoboye bashinjwa kuba “itsinda ry’iterabwoba.” Icyo gihe Perezida Kagame na Dr Emmanuel Ndahiro barafashwe.

Perezida Kagame ati “Rero hagati mu ijoro hafi Saa Kumi za mu gitondo, nakangukiye ku itara hari abantu bagera kuri batandatu barindwi mu cyumba bafite imbunda, ntabwo bari bambaye impuzankano bari bambaye amakoti n’ibindi. Ndakanguka ndababaza nti ‘Muri bande? Habaye iki?’”

Bajyanywe ku cyicaro cya DST, urwego rw’u Bufaransa rwari rushinzwe ubutasi bw’imbere mu gihugu no kurwanya ubutasi bw’amahanga. Bafunzwe guhera Saa Moya za mu gitondo kugeza Saa Mbiri z’ijoro, barekurwa nta bisobanuro kandi nta gusaba imbabazi.

Ati “Yari inshuro ya mbere ngeze i Paris, n’inshuro yanjye ya mbere njya muri gereza.”

Mu 1997, Perezida Kagame yabwiye Umunyamakuru wa Le Figaro wamubajije niba bishoboka ko Dijoud na Jean-Christophe Mitterrand batari bazi iby’ifatwa ryabo, amusubiza mu magambo abiri ati “Bari babizi.”

Dijoud we yabisobanuye ukundi, mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 1998, nyuma y’umwaka Le Figaro itangaje inkuru ya Perezida Kagame. Yavuze ko uruzinduko rwasojwe n’icyo yise “ikibazo kibabaje.”

Paul Dijoud yabwiye Perezida Kagame ko nubwo FPR yatsinda urugamba, izagera i Kigali igasanga abantu bayo barishwe

Yavuze ko bagenzi ba Perezida Kagame “bagendaga bitwaje amavalisi arimo inoti nyinshi, babonwa n’abapolisi barafatwa, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga itabanje kubimenyeshwa. Barekuwe nimugoroba nyuma y’uko Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga abyinjiyemo.”

Inyandiko imwe yashoboraga gukemura impaka ni raporo y’ifungwa n’ibazwa ryabo n’abapolisi, gusa iyo nyandiko yarabuze. Mu 2021, Komisiyo Duclert, yari yemerewe gusuzuma ububiko bw’inyandiko za Leta y’u Bufaransa, yarayishatse, irayibura.

Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe, Dijoud yayoboye ikindi cyiciro cy’ibiganiro kuri Quai d’Orsay, mu mpera za Ukwakira 1991. Muri Kanama 1992, yavuye ku buyobozi bw’Ishami rishinzwe Afurika, asimburwa na Jean-Marc Rochereau de la Sablière.

Ku wa 20 Gicurasi 1998, Dijoud yatanze ibisobanuro imbere ya Komisiyo y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yari iyobowe na Paul Quilès. Hari hashize amezi atandatu Le Figaro itangaje ku rupapuro rwa mbere umuburo yashinjwaga kuba yarahaye Kagame.

Mu masaha atatu, yarengeye politiki y’u Bufaransa kandi arengera uruhare rwe. Yavuze ko u Rwanda rwari “ikibazo cyaje giturutse hanze y’inshingano zisanzwe z’u Bufaransa.”

Yavuze ko u Bufaransa nta nyungu bwari bufite mu Rwanda kandi ko butari bufite umugambi wo kwagura ububasha bwabwo.

Muri Gicurasi 2024, Gen (Rtd) James Kabarebe wabaye Umuyobozi w’Ingabo zarindaga Paul Kagame mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, yatangaje ko icyo gihe ubwo Perezida Kagame yajyaga mu Bufaransa, ibirindiro bya Perezida Kagame bye byari i Gikoba byagabweho ibitero n’umwanzi abarinzi be babiri bakicwa, hakomereka n’abandi ba ofisiye bakuru babiri barimo Lt Gen (Rtd) Charles Kayonga.

Perezida Kagame yafungiwe muri izi nyubako i Paris mu 1991