Muri butike aho abenshi bahahira, mu masoko yagutse, amaguriro na moto zitwara abenshi mu bagenda i Kigali, umubare munini w’abakiliya basoreza ku kubaza umucuruzi nimero ya telefoni yo kwishyuraho cyangwa code.
Ni ubuzima bwacengeye mu migirire ya benshi ku buryo bamara amezi n’imyaka badafashe inoti cyangwa ibiceri mu ntoki, amafaranga bafite akaba ya mibare iri muri banki bimurira kuri telefoni bakazayitanga ikiri imibare, ubuzima bugakomeza gutyo.
Ibi byoroshywa n’uko banki nyinshi zashyizeho uburyo bwo gukurura amafaranga ava kuri konti ya banki ajya ku ikofi y’umuntu muri telefoni ye. Bifite inyungu nyinshi kuko wa mwanya umuntu atakaza ajya kuri banki kubikuza, gusazura inoti zishaje n’ibindi bihombya abantu n’igihugu byagabanyutse.
Binoroshya ubucuruzi kuko umuntu uri i Kigali arangura ibicuruzwa i Rubavu, Nyagatare na Gisagara yicaye mu iduka rye byose bikamugeraho kandi bose akabishyurira ku gihe.
Raporo yashyizwe hanze na BNR, igaruka ku buryo ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwari buhagaze mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y’umwaka wa 2025 (Mutarama-Kamena) yagaragaje ko ingano y’amafaranga yahererekanyijwe hakoreshejwe telefone yazamutseho 58%, igera kuri miliyari 13.659 Frw muri ayo mezi.
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 27 Nyakanga 2025, abakiliya ba MTN Rwanda bibuka ko byageze ubwo badashobora guhamagara no guhamagarwa, kohereza ubutumwa bugufi ndetse serivisi ya Mobile Money ikora nabi bitari bisanzwe.
Urwego Ngenzuramikorere rwakurikije amategeko ruhanisha iki kigo cy’itumanaho ihazabu ya miliyoni 30 Frw kuko cyari cyamaze iminsi ibiri kitarashobora gukemura ibibazo byatumaga serivisi zitagenda neza.
Itegeko rigenga ikoranabuhanga mu itangazabumenyi n’itumanaho, ingingo yaryo ya 26, ivuga ko iyo uwahawe uruhushya atubahirije icyemezo cyihanangiriza cy’Urwego Ngenzuramikorere cyafashwe hakurikijwe ibiteganwa n’itegeko, ahanishwa kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bihano birimo "gutanga ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi iri hagati y’ibihumbi 500 Frw na miliyoni 15 Frw kuri buri munsi wose atubahirije ibyo asabwa, uhereye igihe yamenyeshejwe icyemezo cyongeye gushimangirwa."
Iyo bikomeza gutyo amahitamo yari kuba asigariye ku kongera gushaka cash kuko abakoresha mobile banking bakiri bake.
Ubushakashatsi bwa FinScope bwa 2024 bwagaragaje ko abaturarwanda bakoresha serivisi z’imari binyuze kuri telefone, ibizwi nka Mobile Money, bavuye kuri 62% mu 2020 bagera kuri 86% mu 2024.
Ibi bituma hibazwa niba biramutse bibaye ngombwa ko iki kibazo kimara icyumweru, ukwezi cyangwa kukarenga, uburyo bwo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ku bantu benshi butahungabana.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry’imari n’udushya muri BNR, Cyuzuzo Ingrid, ubwo yari mu mahugurwa yahawe abanyamakuru ku wa 13 Mutarama 2026 yavuze ko Mobile Money iramutse ihagaze umubare w’abahererekanya amafaranga bifashishije ikoranabuhanga wagabanyuka cyane.
Ati “Mu bihugu byacu aho Mobile Money yamamaye cyane yazamuye kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga […] Mobile Money iracyatangwa n’uwikorera, [ntibizatubeho] ariko utanga iyi serivisi hano mu Rwanda ejo adusezeye cyangwa agahomba [bibaho mu bucuruzi] ibijyanye no kwishyura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga byamera bite?”
BNR ivuga ko muri iki gihe hakora uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyurana burimo gukoresha cash n’uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga buhora bugenzurwa ko “bukora ku rwego rwiza. Ntibivuze ko ibyo bitabaho, nubwo wenda bitari byabaho. N’iyo bibayeho ni gute bikemurwa vuba vuba? Ni cyo nka Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ikora nk’inshingano kugira ngo ihamye ko ubwo buryo bwo kwishyurana budahungabana.”
Magingo aya amaso ahanzwe CBDC
Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda imaze igihe itangiye kugerageza ifaranga koranabuhanga, rizwi nka CBDC ndetse ryakorewe igerageza rya mbere ku bantu bake barimo abo mu bigo by’imari n’abakozi ba BNR, rigaragaza ko ryakora neza.
Icyiciro gikurikiyeho ni icyo kurigerageza ku mubare wisumbuyeho harimo abaturage n’abacuruzi nubwo bitazahita bigezwa ku bantu bose.
Cyuzuzo Ingrid yavuze ko mu gihe CBDC yaba itangiye gukoreshwa imbere mu gihugu izaba ifite agaciro-faranga nk’ak’amafaranga asanzwe akoreshwa imbere mu gihugu kandi bigatanga amahitamo menshi ku buryo bwo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.
Ati “Abantu bari ahantu mu cyaro bagorwa no kubona amashanyarazi, bagorwa no kubona internet, Mobile Money ibageraho ku kihe kigero? Ikindi ni aho Mobile Money igarukira, hari ibikorwa utakoresha Mobile Money bitewe n’ingano y’amafaranga, bitewe n’aho ajya, nko kwambukiranya imipaka nubwo biri gutera imbere aho ni ho twe nk’igihugu kiri imbere muri Mobile Money tureba tukavuga tuti haramutse haje CBDC ni he yongera imikorere myiza n’imyishyuranire hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga.”
CBDC ni ifaranga koranabuhanga ritangwa na banki nkuru z’ibihugu, rigakora kimwe nk’amafaranga asanzwe afatika nk’inoti n’ibiceri, icyakora ryo rikaba ryakora ahatari internet n’ibindi.
BNR igaragaza ko CBDC ari agashya gatuma hari n’abandi benshi bashobora kugana isoko ry’u Rwanda bagatangiza uburyo bunyuranye bwo kwishyurana hakore ikoranabuhanga, bikazanoroshya ibikorwa byo kohererezanya amafaranga mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi.
Magingo aya ibihugu nka Bahamas, Jamaica na Nigeria byamaze kwemeza ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga koranabuhanga rizwi nka CBDC. Ibindi 130 biri mu nzira zo kuryubaka, kurigerageza ku bantu bake n’ibindi biganisha ku kwemeza ko ryakoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu na mpuzamahanga nk’andi mafaranga yose.
