Abato bamuzi ari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda mu Rwanda mu 2011-2017 ariko hari benshi batunze inoti yasinyeho ari Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda kuva mu 2002 kuzamura.
Mu kiganiro ‘Password’ cya RBA, François Kanimba yatangaje ko yabaye muri Minisiteri y’Imigambi ya Leta mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse n’imigambi igamije ivugurura ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu ayigiramo uruhare.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 imaze guhagarikwa, uyu mugabo utarahunze we yahise akomezanya n’abandi mu rugendo rwo kubaka igihugu cyari cyarasenyutse.
Ati “Muri Nyakanga mu 1994 nabaga mu Rwanda, ntabwo nahunze igihugu nagumye aha ku buryo abakozi twakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imigambi ya Leta mbere ya Jenoside bisa nk’aho tutari benshi twagaragaye ku isoko.”
“Njyewe narabonetse mfatanya n’abo bari bashinze kuyobora iyo Minisiteri, ikintu cya mbere cyakozwe nibuka mu rwego rwa Guverinoma yose ni ugutegura Inama Mpuzamahanga yabereye i Genève muri Mutarama 1995, iyo nama yari iyo kuganira mu rwego mpuzamahanga uburyo nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda amahanga yafasha u Rwanda mu ngamba zo kwisana no kongera kuba igihugu gishobora kubona intangiriro.”
Yavuze ko nubwo hari gahunda zari zarateguwe mbere gato y’uko urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rutangira, nyuma ya Jenoside zakomeje nubwo kuzishyira mu bikorwa nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bitari byoroshye.
Kanimba yibuka ko nyuma y’isinywa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yo ku wa 4 Kanama 1993, Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi cyasabye ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo ku bwa Habyarimana na FPR Inkotanyi ku rwego rw’impuguke bahura, bakemeranya kuri gahunda zari zaraganiriweho bakazumvikanaho kugira ngo Guverinoma izava mu masezerano ya Arusha izabe ihuriweho n’impande zombi kandi zarumvikanye.
Ati “Ikintu ntazibagirwa ni uko njyewe nakomeje ku rwego rwa Guverinoma, nayoboraga abayihagarariye ku rwego rw’impuguke na ba bandi twari kumwe bava mu by’imari na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu noneho itsinda rihagarariye RPF twaganiriye harimo Patrick Mazimpaka, Ephrem Kabayija na Pasteur Bizimungu, twaricaye.”
“Ndibuka ko twari i Washington, IMF iduha icyumba dukoreramo. Ikintu cyantangaje ni ukuntu twicaye tukumvikana 100% ku bintu twari twaraganiriyeho na Banki y’Isi na IMF na mbere y’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ku byerekeye amavugurura, amavugurura yari akwiye kugira ngo ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bugende bugaruka ku murongo.”
Kanimba wari umuyobozi Mukuru wa Minisiteri y’Imigambi ya Leta, mu 1995 yagiye gukora mu Biro bya Banki y’Isi i Kigali nk’impuguke mu bukungu ariko afite inshingano yo gufasha kureba uko bafasha u Rwanda muri gahunda yo gusana igihugu nyuma ya Jenoside.
Mu myaka itanu yamaze muri izi nshingano hashyizwe mu bikorwa amasezerano atatu y’inkunga, yari inguzanyo z’inyungu ziciriritse zigamije gufasha gusana ibikorwaremezo, kwita ku mibereho no gusubukura ibikorwa, bigashingira kuri gahunda ya Guverinoma nshya.
Ati “Hari ibihugu bya Afurika byahuye n’ikibazo cy’imyenda mu 1995, abenshi badafite ubushobozi bwo kujya hanze ngo baguze, u Rwanda noneho ruvuye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ubukungu buri hasi cyane, imyenda natwe twari tuyifite kugira ngo uzajye muri iriya miryango mpuzamahanga baguhe ideni byari biruhije.”
“Hari ibyemezo byafashwe ku rwego rw’Isi, byo gukuraho imyenda no kuyigabanya ku rwego rufatika ariko ibihugu byafashijwe muri urwo rwego ni bya bindi byagaragazaga ubushake bwo kugira ngo imivugururire y’ubukungu n’ibyemezo bigomba gufatwa kugira ngo ubukungu bujye ku murongo bigaragara ko hari ingamba zifatika ziri gufatwa.”
Yibuka ko abo bakoranaga muri Banki y’Isi bajyaga bagera mu biro, bakajya no guhura n’abayobozi b’igihugu harimo na Perezida Kagame icyo gihe wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo.
Icyo gihe ngo yakundaga kubabaza ati “umukozi wanjye mwamutwariye iki? Byabaye nk’inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu. Ariko nkamusobanurira ko hariya ndi ndi gukorera u Rwanda ntabwo ndi mu mahanga”.
Uko yasubiye muri Guverinoma nyuma ya 2000
Kanimba yavuze ko mu 2000 ubwo Perezida Kagame yari amaze kuba Perezida w’u Rwanda yamutumyeho amubwira ko ari mu bakenewe ngo bajye mu myanya ikeneye abakozi bafite ubumenyi bwihariye.
Ati “Ntabwo nazuyaje mu kugaruka rero umwanya wa mbere ninjiyemo ni ukuba Guverineri Wungirije wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda. Nawumazeho imyaka ibiri [icyo gihe hari undi Guverineri witwaga Mutemberezi François] manda ye irangiye Guverinoma ihita ingira Guverineri ubwo rero ntangira urugamba rwo gucunga ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, urwego rw’imari no gutekereza mu rwego rureba kure kugira ngo urwego rw’imari rw’u Rwanda rugaruke ku murongo, rube ishingiro ry’iterambere ry’igihugu.”
Yavuze ko mu bikomeye byakozwe icyo gihe harimo kuvugurura imicungire y’isoko ry’amadovize mu gihugu kuko aba mbere bari bazi ko amadovize ari aya Leta, atari ay’abaturage ari Leta igomba kugenda iyahabwa.
Ati “Ibyo byarakozwe ku bwa Habyarimana bibyara ruswa, akarengane, bidindiza iterambere ry’ubukungu.”
Icyo gihe hashyizweho politiki igenga ivunjisha ry’amadovize, ivuga ko isoko ari hagati y’ufite amadovize n’abayakeneye, aho kuba Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ugomba kujya hagati y’umucuruzi cyangwa banki ngo bumvikane ibyo bagomba kuyakoresha.
Icyo gihe ni bwo mu Umunyarwanda yemerewe kugira konti mu madovize, ujyanye ibicuruzwa hanze yabona amadovize Leta ikamuha amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yo ikabika amadovize.
Nyuma y’iyi politiki abantu bemerewe kujya babika amadovize yabo no kuyakoresha uko bashaka kandi bituma abari barayahishe hanze bose bayinjiza mu gihugu.
Ikindi yahanganye na cyo ni imicungire ya banki z’ubucuruzi zari ziri kugwa kubera abazibaga ndetse inguzanyo zitishyurwa neza ziri kuri 40% ariko yavuye muri izi nshingano bigeze kuri 7%.
Gufunga za COPEC havuka Umurenge SACCO
Mu bihe bya mbere kuguza muri banki byari iby’abacuruzi bakomeye n’abandi bashoramari ku buryo abafite ubushobozi buke batari kubona amahirwe yo kubona aho bakura amafaranga abafasha kwiteza imbere, havuka Cooperative d’Epargne et de Crédit (COPEC) na za Microfinance.
Yasobanuye ko za COPEC nyinshi zashinzwe n’abatekamutwe bamwe bakiba abaturage, bituma zifungwa zose.
Ati “Abaturage bo barazitabiraga kuko ari ho bari bazi ko bashobora kubona inguzanyo kugira ngo bashobore kwiteza imbere, nsaba guverinoma ko twashyiraho politiki ya Microfinance ishingiye ku mirenge SACCO, Imirenge SACCO ni uko yavutse.”
Izi koperative zatangiye zikorera mu nyubako zatijwe n’uturere.
Ubu Umurenge SACCO ugeze ku rwego rwo kwihuza ku rwego rw’akarere ikazanaba Cooperative Bank.
Yatetse imigati
Kanimba yavuze ko mu mashuri abanza yumvaga imibare cyane ndetse mu masuzuma yakorwaga ku rwego rwa Perefegitura yabaga ari uwa mbere muri Gikongoro yose ariko hasohoka amanota y’abemerewe kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye agasanga atari ku rutonde.
Yavuze ko yamaze imyaka itatu yiga mu mwaka wa gatandatu akabona kwemererwa kujya mu yisumbuye.
Ati “Nageze aho nshika intege numva kwiga ngomba kubireka, ntangira guteka imigati no gucuruza ariko noneho data wambyaraga aragenda abwira abarimu ati bishoboka bite ko uyu mwana wanjye mumbwira ngo ni umuhanga ariko ntiyemererwe, nagira ngo mumwumvishe ko nubwo amaze imyaka ibiri mu wa gatandatu mumwemerere yigemo n’uwa gatatu”
“Ndibuka ko baje kubimbwira mu isoko ndi gucuruza imigati ko nemerewe kwiga i Runyombyi birambabaza cyane. Nari maze kuba umucuruzi ukomeye, ku munsi w’isoko ntabwo nungukaga amafaranga ari munsi ya 100 Frw.”
Aho hari mu 1968, amafaranga 100 Frw y’u Rwanda yaguraga umufuka munini w’amasaka bitaga ‘Générale’, Kanimba uko yungutse rya 100 Frw akagura umufuka w’amasaka agahunika, kuko icyo gihe yari afite amasaka menshi yacuruzaga.
Gukena uri Guverineri birashoboka?
Kanimba yabajijwe niba mu gihe yari ayoboye Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda cyangwa mu zindi nshingano hari igihe yabaga akennye cyane ku buryo kuri konti ye nta kintu cyaba kiriho, ahita asubiza ngo “Ntabwo byabura.”
Yasobanuye ko mu gihe yari mu nshingano yishimira ko uwazimuhaye yagiye amufasha kurenga imbogamizi zitandukanye yahuriragamo na zo.
Ati “Iyo ufite umuntu waguhaye inshingano ziremereye nka kuriya akaba yiteguye kugufasha ngo uzishyire mu bikorwa, imbogamizi zose wahura na zo ushobore kuzitambuka, ibyo byambayeho kandi byaramfashije cyane, kandi murumva icyo nshatse kuvuga.”
