Ni ibiciro byasimbuye ibyari bisanzwe byashyizweho muri Nzeri 2025, aho litiro ya lisansi yaguraga 1.862 Frw, mu gihe iya mazutu yari 1.808 Frw. Bivuze ko litiro ya lisansi yiyongereyeho 127 Frw mu gihe iya mazutu yiyongereyeho 92 Frw.
Ni gake mu Rwanda, ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bizamuka kugera kuri urwo rwego.
Mu kiganiro na IGIHE, Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Antoine Marie Kajangwe, yavuze ko izamuka ry’ibikomoka ku peteroli kuri iyi nshuro rishingiye ku bintu bibiri.
Ati “Mbisobanuye mu buryo bworoshye navuga ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ryatewe n’ibintu bibiri. Muribuka ko muri Nyakanga Leta yashyizeho TVA ku giciro cya lisansi, rero iyo wongejeho 18% ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose ibiciro birazamuka. Ni yo mpamvu mwabonye ko byazamutse ariko byanahozeho nyuma y’uko kwezi.”
Yakomeje ati “Muri aya mezi abiri ashize mu by’ukuri icyatumye bizamukaho gato, ubundi uyu munsi amavuta menshi tuyakura muri Tanzania, uburyo ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byubakitse, ibiva Tanzania ubona ko biba bihendutse kurusha ibiva muri Kenya, ariko kubera bimwe mu bibazo biherutse kuba, abakura peteroli mu mahanga batangiye kuyikura muri Kenya, kandi kubera ko byo bihenzemo gato, byagize ingaruka ku biciro muri rusange.”
Ubusanzwe u Rwanda ruhindura ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli buri mezi abiri. Impamvu ni uko kugira ngo bive aho birangurirwa mu bihugu by’Abarabu bigere i Kigali nibura bitwara ayo mezi biri mu nzira.
Bivuze ko uko ibiciro bihagaze ku isoko mpuzamahanga bigira ingaruka ku biciro byo mu Rwanda nyuma y’amezi abiri.
Ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2025, agaciro k’akagunguru ka peteroli ku isoko mpuzamahanga kaguraga 60,09$ kavuye kuri 64,1$ kariho ku wa 1 Nzeri 2025.
Urebye muri ayo mezi abiri ashize, muri uku kwezi nibwo igiciro cyagabanyutse cyane kuko guhera ku wa 1 Ugushyingo kagiye kagura hagati 60,98$, 58$ na 60,09$.
Ubusanzwe ikiguzi cya lisansi mu Rwanda gishingira ku giciro kiri ku isoko mpuzamahanga mu mezi abiri ashize, igiciro cy’ubwikorezi bubigeza ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam cyangwa Mombasa no kuva kuri ibyo byambu bigera i Kigali, ivunjisha ry’amadorali n’umusoro wa TVA washyizweho.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Sosiyete icuruza ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu Rwanda ya Société Pétrolière Ltd (SP), Habimana Claudien, yavuze ko kurangura muri Kenya biri mu mpamvu eshatu zatumye ibiciro byiyongera .
Ati “Twajyaga tuvana lisansi nyinshi muri Tanzania ariko ubu twatangiye kuyikura muri Kenya kandi muri Kenya ibiciro biri hejuru. Ikindi ni uko ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga byazamutseho gatoya.”
Mu buryo bw’imibare yagaragaje ko nibura 99% by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byinjizwa mu Rwanda byaturukaga muri Tanzania ariko kubera ibibazo byo gupakurura amato atinda n’iby’umutekano muke byagaragaye mu bihe by’amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu aheruka byatumye herekezwa amaso muri Kenya.
Muri Nzeri 2025, lisansi yakuwe muri Kenya yageze kuri 34%, Tanzania biba kuri 66%, mu Ukwakira 2025 iyavuye muri Tanzania yabaye 87% mu gihe iyavuye muri Kenya yabaye 13%. Muri rusange iyavuye muri Kenya muri ayo mezi abiri yageze kuri 23% ivuye kuri 1%.
Ati “Urumva rero ko lisansi tuvana muri Kenya yiyongereye kandi inahenze bituma igiciro kizamuka.”
Habimana yerekanye ko nubwo amafaranga ya mazutu yiyongereye litiro ikagera kuri 1900 Frw, harimo nkunganire ya Leta ingana na 78 Frw kuri litiro.
Ati “Iyo batayishyiramo byari kugira ingaruka nini. Urabizi ko mazutu ari yo atwara abagenzi, ibintu byose. Leta yashyizemo nkunganire y’amafaranga 78 Frw yagabanyijwe ku musoro. Kuri lisansi ho nta nkunganire yashyizweho ni yo mpamvu bihenze cyane.”
Yasobanuye ko nubwo bimeze bityo, bikwiye ko habaho gukoresha imihora yombi mu kurangura ibikomoka kuri peteroli kuko ari byo byafasha igihugu.
Ingaruka zizaba izihe ku bukungu bw’igihugu?
Kajangwe yagaragaje ko nubwo ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byiyongereye hari gutekerezwa uko hakorwa ibishoboka kugira ngo bigabanyuke.
Ati “Hari ingamba Leta iri gukora igamije kureba ukuntu ibi biciro twabigabanya harimo no kureba ukuntu twatangira kunoza uko ayo mavuta ari guturuka muri Kenya yahenduka kandi turateganya ko mu mezi atatu, ane ari imbere…”
Ku bijyanye no kuba nkunganire ishobora gushyirwaho, Kajangwe yavuze ko atabizi neza ariko ko nka Leta ikomeza kubirebaho buri gihe.
Yerekanye ko ibi bidakwiye kugira ingaruka nini ku kuzamuka kw’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe kuko ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi kitiyongera cyane.
Mu busesenguzi Minisiteri yakoze, yerekanye ko hashobora kwiyongera hagati ya 4 na 6 Frw ku giciro cy’urugendo ku kilo ku biva mu Burasirazuba na hagati ya 6 Frw-8 Frw ku biva mu Karere ka Rusizi.
Ati “Ntihagakwiye kuba ingaruka ku bundi bucuruzi ndetse mwanabonye ko ibiciro by’ubwikorezi rusange bitazamutse. Ntabwo abantu bagakwiye kubyitwaza mu kuzamura ibiciro. Usanga abashaka kubyungukiramo babyitwaza bakongeraho 20 Frw, 30 Frw cyangwa 40 Frw ku giciro kandi nta ngaruka byakagize.”
Nubwo avuga atyo, hashingiwe ku busesenguzi bwakozwe na MINICOM, niba ikamyo itwaye toni eshanu z’ibicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga ibilo 5000 igiciro cy’ubwikorezi gisanzwe hakwiyongeraho hagati y’ibihumbi 20 Frw n’ibihumbi 30 Frw mu gihe ivuye mu Karere ka Rusizi hakwiyongeraho hagati y’ibihumbi 30-40 Frw, bikaba bigoye ko ababikora bakwemera kuyahara kandi bakoresheje menshi banywa mazutu.
Umwe mu batwara imodoka z’imizigo ituruka mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo yerekeza mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Musabirema Cyprien, yagaragaje ko ibintu byamaze guhinduka kuko ikiguzi cy’urugendo cyiyongereye cyane.
Ati “Mu bwikorezi ntabwo byazamutse ariko mu kwikoramo tugura mazutu byariyongereye. Mbere nanywaga ibihumbi 260 Frw none ubu biri guhagarara 320 Frw urumva ko hari andi mafaranga yagiyeho kandi ugutuma we ntashaka kuyongera. Kubyumva biragoranye cyane, biba ngombwa ko aho kugira ngo dutakaze akazi twemera kuyakorera tuvuga ngo wenda igihe kizagera babyumve.”
Nsengiyumva Modetse utwara moto, yavuze ko kubona igiciro cya Lisansi cy’iyongeraho 123 Frw kuri litiro bibashyira mu gihombo kuko abakiliya bo badashaka kongera amafaranga.
Ati “Uramubwira ko lisansi yazamutse, akakubwira ko ku kazi umushahara akorera utahindutse.”
Yavuze ko umumotari ukoresheje litiro ya 1.989 Frw inyungu abona idashobora kurenga 2000 Frw kandi hari n’ibindi aba akenera buri munsi birimo no gutunga umuryango.
Habimana Claudien we yagize ati “Iyo lisansi yiyongereye kandi uyikoresha we ingengo y’imari itiyongereye, icyo akora agabanya ingendo yakoraga. Niba azigabanyije rero ibikorwa yakoraga birakererwa. Icyo gihe ntangira gukoresha amatelefoni aho kugira ngo nigireyo.”
Ku rundi ruhande, Impuguke mu by’Ubukungu, Teddy Kaberuka, yabwiye IGIHE ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ritabura kubaho mu gihe ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byiyongereye.
Ati “Ikizwi ni uko iyo igiciro cya peteroli na mazutu bizamutse, bigira ingaruka ku giciro ku masoko ubishaka cyangwa utabishaka bibaho. Wa muntu usanzwe atwara ibicuruzwa ku isoko, ubwikorezi buba bwazamutse, ntabwo rero umuntu wari usanzwe afata ikamyoneti akajya kuzana ibirayi, mazutu iziyongera ngo abure kuyashyiraho.”
Yerekanye kandi ko izamuka ry’ibiciro rigira ingaruka kuko rituma abantu bananirwa guhaha ibyo bari basanzwe bagura ndetse n’ingano y’ibyo bagura ikagabanyuka.
Kugeza ubu mu Karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, nko muri Uganda litiro ya Lisansi iri kugura 1.420$ ni ukuvuga 2.059 Frw, muri Kenya ni amashilingi ya Kenya 184.38, angana na 2.069 Frw, Tanzania litiro iri kugura amashilingi yo muri icyo gihugu 2.752 angana na 1.635 Frw, mu Burundi igiciro cya lisansi kiri ku 4.000 by’Amarundi bingana na 1.967 Frw mu gihe muri RDC litiro igura 1.223$ angana na 1.773 Frw.
