Ni yo mutima w’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho cyane cyane mu bikoresho bihambaye. Yifashishwa muri telefone zigezweho, bateri za telefone, drones, missile n’indege z’intambara mu bikoresho bya gisirikare, ibyo kwa muganga za mudasobwa n’ibindi.

Ni amabuye agoye gutunganya kuko ibuye rimwe ricukuwe mu butaka riba rikomatanyijemo andi menshi, ikindi ibihugu bimwe ugasanga ni byo biyakizeho gusa.

U Bushinwa bugenzura hafi 80% by’isoko ry’amabuye nk’aya atunganywa ku Isi yose.

Mu Isi yose habarurwa ko hari indiri ya ‘rare earth minerals’ ingana na toni miliyoni 130. U Bushinwa bwihariye toni zirenga miliyoni 44, Vietnam ifite toni miliyoni 22, Brésil toni miliyoni 21, u Burusiya toni miliyoni 12. Ibindi bihugu biza bibyiganira inyuma. Leta Zunze Ubumwe nk’igihugu cy’igihangage kiri inyuma na toni miliyoni 1,2.

Amerika irayakeneye ngo ikaze umutekano wayo nk’igihugu cy’igihangange ku Isi. Irayakeneye ngo ikomeza kuyobora mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga kuva ku modoka z’amashanyarazi kugeza kuri internet ya 5G, ikagabanya kwishingikiriza u Bushinwa.

Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, Apple, rumwe mu nganda za Amerika ziyoboye mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ihetutse gutangaza ko igiye gushora miliyoni 500$ mu gucukura no gutunganya amabuye akoreshwa mu bikoresho byayo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Amerika irifuza kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere wa Ukraine ubarirwa mu gaciro ka miliyari ibihumbi 14$. Bivugwa ko nka ‘Rare Earth’ Amerika yakuraga mu Bushinwa, yifuza kuzazisimbuza iziboneka muri Ukraine, cyane ko iki gihugu na cyo gikungahaye kuri uwo mutungo.

Amerika na Ukraine biherutse gushyira umukono ku masezerano azatuma ab'i Washington bakoresha amabuye ya Ukraine adakunze kuboneka

Aya mabuye adakunze kuboneka ni Bastnaesite, Monazite, Xenotime, Allanite, Eudialyte, Loparite, Gadolinite, Cerite, Samarskite, Fergusonite, Parisite na Fluorite n’andi.

Avamo ibyuma bizwi nka Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Promethium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Scandium na Yttrium, bikoreshwa mu mirimo itandukanye.

Ni amabuye yihagazeho kuko nka toni ya Cerium igura hagati ya 2000$ na 4000$, ahenda cyane ni Dysprosium aho toni imwe yayo igura hagati y’ibihumbi 300$ n’ibihumbi 500$ mu gihe yo igura Terbium miliyoni 1,5$

U Rwanda ruyakungahayeho

U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeje guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bw’amabuye y’agaciro binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rihambaye. Amateka agaragaza ko aya mabuye akomeje guhigishwa uruhindu no mu Rwanda ahari.

Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaz (Rwanda Mining Board- RMB), Jean Claude Ngaruye, yabwiye IGIHE ko aya mabuye u Rwanda ruyafite ku bwinshi.

Ati “Mu Rwanda yigeze gucukurwa mbere y’ubwigenge na nyuma yaho. Hari ubwoko butatu bwacukurwaga. Harimo Monazite, Zircon na Xenotime. Ni amabuye ashakishwa cyane agakoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, ariko nka Zircon yo inakoreshwa muri ziriya nganda za nucléaire bijyanye n’ibiyagize.”

Ibice byacukuwemo aya mabuye cyane byiganje mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Nka Rukarara mu Karere ka Nyamagabe, Nshili mu Karere ka Nyaruguru no hafi y’Urutare rwa Munanira mu Karere ka Nyaruguru. Ngaruye “Hahoze ari muri Butare. Hari igice cyaho kiri mu Murenge wa Gishamvu mu Karere ka Huye.”

Aya mabuye aboneka mu gice kizwi nka Musebeya giherereye i Karongi, Nyamagabe, na Nyamasheke.

Nka Monezite ivamo ibyuma bya Cerium, Lanthanum, Neodymium, Praseodymium, Samarium. Byifashishwa mu gukora batiri, indangururamajwi, muri moteri z’indege n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.

Biba byihagazeho kuko nka toni ya Neodymium igura 70.500$, Praseodymium na yo ikaba hafi ho nka 71.350$.

"Rare earth minerals" ni amabuye akomeje gushakishwa uruhindu na Amerika

Ngaruye yavuze ko aya mabuye adahenze, ahubwo ko impamvu ari gushakishwa ari uko ari yo ari kwiyambazwa mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, n’uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ati “Ubucukuzi bumeze nk’ubucuruzi. Iyo ibintu bishakwa cyane ibiciro biriyongera, byaba bihari ku bwinshi ugereranyije n’ababishaka ibiciro bikagabanyuka. […] ibiciro bya ‘rare earths’ byaragabanyutse tubivamo. Ntabwo wajya gushakisha ibuye ridakenewe ku isoko. Impamvu Amerika iri kuyashaka cyane ni ukugira ngo na yo igire ububiko bunini ibone uko ihangana n’u Bushinwa.”

Mu mboni za Ngaruye impamvu atitabwaho cyane ni uko nta soko rigari u Rwanda rurabona, icyakora ko hagize uyashaka byihariye mu kanya yaboneka.

Ati “N’ubundi isanzwe ihari. Nubwo yacukurwaga mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo hari n’ahandi hari ibimenyetso by’aya mabuye mu gihugu nka Rulindo, Gatumba mu Ngororero n’ahandi. Ni henshi tubonye abayashaka gukora ubushakashatsi byaba byoroshye.”

Ngaruye yavuze ko mu Isi hacukurwa amabuye arenga 250 abonwamo ibi byuma bitandukanye, icyakora ayashoboye kubyazwamo umusaruro ari Bastnaesite, Monazite, Xenotime n’andi make.

Nubwo u Rwanda rukize kuri aya mabuye, uyu mushakashatsi yavuze ko nka Monazite iboneka mu Rwanda kuyitunganya bigorana kuko iba yifitemo ubundi bwoko bw’amabuye nka Uranium na Thorium, ibintu bisaba ishoramari riteye imbere.

Umusaruro w’amabuye y’agaciro wakomeje kuzamuka mu Rwanda, uva kuri miliyoni 373$ mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyari 1,7$ mu 2024.

U Rwanda rufite intego y’uko mu 2029 ruzaba rubarura umusaruro mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ungana na 2,2$. Gukusanya amabuye yose yacukuwe bikava kuri 40% bikagera kuri 80%. Ibi bizajyana no gukora ubushakashatsi mu bice byayo bishya.

Nk’ubu kuva muri Gicurasi 2025, RMB imaze kugaragaza ubuso burenga hegitari ibihumbi 27 bishya bwagaragayemo amabuye y’agaciro.

U Bushinwa ni bwo bugenzura hafi ya 80% by'isoko rya 'Rare Earth" ku Isi