Hagati ya Gashyantare na Kamena 2021, ibihugu byombi byagiranye amasezerano atandukanye mu by’umutekano n’ubukungu, byari bigamije guhindura uburyo RDC yakoranaga n’u Rwanda nyuma y’imyaka myinshi umutekano n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro byo muri Congo bigirwamo uruhare rukomeye n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba.

Umwanditsi Bojana Coulibaly yanditse ko ubwo bufatanye bwari bugamije gutuma Kinshasa ikorana mu buryo butaziguye n’igihugu cy’abaturanyi cyo muri Afurika mu gukemura ibibazo bihuriweho. Gusa ntibyateye kabiri imvugo ku Rwanda yatangiye guhinduka, hagenda havuka ibirego bishinja u Rwanda gutera inkunga M23 ariko rwo rukabihakana ndetse rugatanga n’ibimenyetso.

Mu gusobanura inkomoko y’iki kibazo, Coulibaly agaruka ku mateka y’uruhare rw’u Bubiligi mu bucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bwa zahabu na diyama muri Congo. Kuva mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, amabuye y’agaciro ya Congo yagiye anyura mu nzira zagenzurwaga n’ibigo ndetse n’abantu bafite aho bahuriye n’u Bubiligi, cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Agaragaza ko mu myaka yashize abacukuzi bato bo mu duce nka Mwenga bacukuraga zahabu n’andi mabuye, akanyuzwa mu bigo byayatunganyaga mbere yo kujyanwa ku masoko yo hanze. Muri icyo gihe, inyungu nyinshi zari mu maboko y’abahuza b’abanyamahanga, aho kuba iza Leta ya Congo cyangwa abaturage bayo.

Impinduka za politiki zabaye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari mu mpera za 1990 zatangiye guhungabanya iyo mikorere yari imaze igihe, ububasha bw’ibigo byari bifitanye isano n’u Bubiligi buragabanyuka ari na ko imvugo ishinja u Rwanda kuba intandaro y’ibibazo by’amabuye y’agaciro bya Congo yarushagaho kwimakazwa.

Amasezerano y’umutekano yo mu 2021

Muri Gashyantare 2021, abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z’umutekano n’ubutasi b’u Rwanda na RDC bahuriye i Kigali, bashyiraho uburyo bwo guhanahana amakuru y’ubutasi mu buryo bwihuse.

Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije cyane cyane kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, irimo FDLR na ADF. Mu mwanya wo gukomeza gufatana nk’abanzi, Kigali na Kinshasa bari bemeye ko ibibazo by’umutekano kandi gukorana byari gutanga umusaruro kurusha ibikorwa bya buri gihugu ukwacyo.

Nyuma y’amezi make, ku wa 26 na 27 Kamena 2021, Perezida Tshisekedi na Perezida Paul Kagame bahuriye i Rubavu no i Goma, bagura ubwo bufatanye babugeza no ku bukungu.

Basinye amasezerano arimo agamije guteza imbere ishoramari, kwirinda gusoresha kabiri ibikorwa byambukiranya imipaka ndetse n’amasezerano ajyanye n’ubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bwa zahabu.

By’umwihariko, ikigo cya Leta ya Congo Sakima SA cyagiranye amasezerano na Dither Ltd, ikigo cyigenga cyo mu Rwanda. Intego yari uko zahabu yacukurwaga n’iki kigo muri Kivu na Maniema yajya itunganyirizwa mu Rwanda, harimo no mu ruganda rwa Gasabo Gold Refinery i Kigali.

Intego yari ugushyiraho ubucuruzi bwa zahabu yongerewe agaciro mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bikagabanya ubucuruzi bwa magendu bwari bumaze igihe bufasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro kubona ubushobozi.

Ku ruhande rwa RDC, ayo masezerano yashoboraga kongera imisoro Leta yinjiza no kuyifasha kugenzura neza urwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro.

Imvugo yahindutse

Mu mpera za 2021 no mu 2022, Kinshasa yatangiye gushinja u Rwanda gushyigikira M23 no gushaka gusahura amabuye y’agaciro ya Congo. Imiryango nka Congo Research Group na Ebuteli mu gukwirakwiza iyo myumvire, ibitekerezo byabo bibogamira ku nyungu z’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba byifuzaga kugumana ijambo rikomeye mu bibazo bya Congo.

Coulibaly avuga ko amasezerano y’umutekano n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro yo mu 2021 yatangaga igisubizo ku bibazo bikomeye byateje umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, ni ukuvuga imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bunyura mu nzira zitemewe.

Muri Mata 2025, Perezida Kagame yavuze ku bihugu bifatanya na RDC mu kuyobya uburari ku bibazo bibera mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, bikavuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru ari amabuye y’agaciro, byirengagije Abanye-Congo bimwe uburenganzira bwabo, bamwe bakicwa, bakagirirwa nabi abandi bakaba impunzi mu Karere imyaka myinshi.

Ati “Iyo ibyo muvuga by’amabuye y’agaciro biba ari byo, ntabwo tuba dukeneye ayo mafaranga yanyu habe na busa. Muduha ubusa nyuma mukaza mudutoteza. Iyo ni yo Si iri hagati y’ahashize h’umwijima no mu bihe by’ubu birangwa no gutoteza abandi.”

Perezida Tshisekedi yahinduye imvugo ku Rwanda nyuma y'igihe gito RDC igiranye amasezerano n'u Rwanda