Mu byumweru bishize, twakiriye telefone n’ubutumwa by’abashakashatsi, abanyamakuru n’abadipolomate babaza ibijya mbere mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Mu kwezi gushize, buri wese yabonaga ko hagiye kuba akantu hagati ya M23 na FARDC ku bufatanye na FDLR ariko si ko byagenze. I Kinshasa bahise binjira mu makuru y’urupfu rw’uwari umunyapolitiki wo mu ishyaka rya Moïse Katumbi, hakurikiraho kurangazwa n’imikino ihuza ibihugu bihuriye mu muryango wa Francophonie.

Ni mu gihe i Masisi no hafi yaho mu duce turi mu maboko ya M23, bisa nk’aho FARDC yagabanyije ubushotoranyi. Ibyo byatumye M23 nayo iceceka, kugeza ubwo na telefone z’abantu ba hafi ba M23 zititabwaga.

Birashoboka ko amaso bari bayahanze ibiganiro bigizwemo uruhare na Uganda na Kenya. Byatumye dusa nk’abigira nyuma, ibijya mbere tubikurikirana twitaruye. Ubusanzwe tuzwiho gutara amakuru tuhibereye ariko kuri iyi nshuro turabihindura gato, ariko icyo twibandaho ni ugukoresha amakuru y’ukuri.

Muri iyi minsi ishize, ingabo za Kinshasa kuri Twitter nazo zagabanyije akarindi, ibinyoma n’ibitutsi biba bike, ibintu bitanga icyizere ku ndorerezi ko wenda aho bukera, ibiganiro hagati ya M23 na Kinshasa bishoboka. Icyakora byaba ari ukwizera cyane ugakabya uhise ufata uwo mwanzuro.

Kinshasa

Hari impamvu nyinshi zaba ziri gutera Kinshasa kugabanya uburakari bwayo kuri M23 n’u Rwanda. Reka tugerageze kubisobanura:

Imvugo y’uko u Rwanda na M23 aribo nyirabayazana w’amabi yose yibasiye Leta ya Congo, isa nk’iyafashe ubusa. Icengezamatwara ryahimbwe rigakwirakwizwa n’itangazamakuru bikozwe na Patrick Muyaya ryananiwe gutanga umusaruro. Iby’inkuru za Kishishe ni urugero rwiza. Umuryango mpuzamahanga wabitesheje agaciro, imiryango nka Human Rights Watch na Loni babisamira hejuru ariko baza gutuza ubwo habonekaga ibimenyetso simusiga by’icyabaye.

Umugambi wa Tshisekedi wo gukururira umuryango mpuzamahanga kurwanya M23 warapfubye. Nubwo Leta ya Congo yateje abaturage Monusco, yanze kugwa muri uwo mutego, bigenda gutyo ku Muryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, mu gihe Afurika y’Epfo na Angola bari bemeye ubufasha, babyivanyemo gahoro gahoro.

Ingabo za EAC zabaye nk’ihwa mu kirenge cya Kinshasa kubera ko zirimo abanya-Uganda n’abanya-Kenya bahise bavumbura uburyarya n’intege nke za FARDC. Biboneye uburyo Leta ya Congo ibeshwaho no gukorana n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka FDLR, Nyatura n’indi yayogoje akarere. Biboneye kandi uburyo Congo ikorana n’abacanshuro mvamahanga.

Amayeri ya Tshisekedi yo kwivanga mu kazi ka Komisiyo y’Amatora (CENI) ngo imufashe kuzakora uburiganya mu matora nabyo byagaragaye rugikubita. Ntitwavuga ko ari ukumufasha gutsinda manda ya kabiri kuko n’iya mbere ntiyayitsinze. Yemerewe kuba Perezida nyuma y’amasezerano hagati ye n’abandi banyapolitiki ariko ayo masezerano nayo yaje kuyarengaho arayica. Kuri ubu bisa n’ibyamunaniye kongera kumvisha abanyapolitiki kumujya inyuma kuko yabatengushye ubushize. Na Kiliziya Gatolika ifite ingufu muri Congo, yamaze kugaragaza ko itamushyigikiye.

Tshisekedi ari kugerageza gucecekesha abatavuga rumwe na we, akoresheje kubashyira muri gereza cyangwa se kubikiza. Abahitiwemo gupfa uburyo bwo kubikiza ni ukubarasa urufaya rw’amasasu mu mutwe. Birashoboka ko Tshisekedi afite ababimukorera ngo atagaragare nabi ariko birazwi ko bikorwa n’inzego ze z’umutekano. Abibasiwe cyane ni abakorana na Moise Katumbi, umwe mu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bateye impungenge Tshisekedi.

Ntabwo uzumva bisakuza kenshi nk’uko byagenze hafatwa Salomom Kalonda, icyegera cya Katumbi.

Iyi mikino yanduye igamije guhindura ibizava mu matora ya Perezida mu mpera z’uyu mwaka, ntaho bihuriye n’ibibazo byo mu Burasirazuba.

Ibyiswe imikino ya Francophonie byabaye umwanya mwiza wo kwigaragaza ku bantu nka Patrick Muyaya no kurangaza isi ngo itamenya ukuri kw’ibiri kuba. Imikino yabaye hadatumiwe Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Francophonie, , Louise Mushikwabo, mu gihe bamwe mu bakinnyi bitabiriye binubiye kwicishwa inzara n’inyota. Mbere y’imikino hari n’ibihugu byanze kohereza abantu babyo ku mpamvu z’umutekano. Icyakora ibi bibazo byose Leta ya Kinshasa yabitwikirije ibitaramo by’imiziki na za Ndombolo biherekejwe n’ibishashi by’umuriro. Iyo baza gufatanya iyi mikino n’intambara kuri M23, ntabwo byari gutanga ishusho bashaka kuri iyi mikino.

Patrick Muyaya, umwe mu bacurabwenge b'icengezamatwara muri RDC

Mu cyumweru gishize byongeye kuba ihuriza kuri Kinshasa nyuma y’uko abaturage, abagize sosiyete sivile n’abanyapolitiki bo muri Kivu bagaragazaga ko barambiwe ibihe bidasanzwe byatangajwe muri utwo duce mu myaka ibiri ishize. Tshisekedi yeguriye ingabo intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Ituri, avuga ko bizamufasha guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka M23 ariko byaje kuba bibi kuko ibintu byabaye bibi kurushaho.

Ukuri kwaje kujya hanze ko benshi mu bajenerali bigijeyo abari abanyapolitiki muri izi ntara, bagakora ubucuruzi n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka FDLR na Nyatura karahava. Mbere aka kazi kari umwihariko w’abayobozi b’abasivile nka Julien Paluku na Eugene Serufuli. Kuri ubu nta musirikare mukuru muri FARDC udashaka koherezwa mu Burasirazuba ngo yikorere ubucuruzi.

Icya nyuma, ni uko manda y’ingabo za EAC izarangira mu kwezi gutaha. Izi ngabo zasaga n’izabangamiye impande zombi ngo zitarwana. Hari abasesenguzi bavuga ko bishoboka ko manda yazo izongerwa ariko ukuri ni uko Kinshasa ishobora kubyitambika ngo igihe kibe gishira.

Impamvu Leta ya Congo ishobora gukomeza gutinza igihe yirinda ko intambara yagera i Kinshasa, ni uko babizi neza ko intambara yeruye na M23 ishobora guhindura ibintu uko batabikekaga. Abasirikare ba FARDC barabizi ko intambara yeruye na M23 kuyitsinda ari inzozi. Ni nayo mpamvu za ntwara zikomeye nk’indege za Sukhoi, kajugujugu z’intambara n’izindi byigijwe kure. Hari bamwe mu bagize FARDC ndetse na FDLR bahinduwe ‘Wazalendo’ ngo bacengere mu birindiro bya M23 ariko bose nta n’umwe wagarutse wo kubara inkuru, M23 yarabatsembye muri za Kilolirwe na Tongo.

Ibi byerekana uburyo na Wazalendo yashinzwe ngo bahindure uburyo bw’imirwanire yabahombeye. Ni imitwe ivanzemo urubyiruko n’ingabo yahawe akayabo k’intwaro, ngo bafashe mu kurwanya M23. Aba bana batatojwe, batagira ikinyabupfura ntaho wabagereranyiriza n’ingabo za M23 zifite ikinyabupfura na Loni yabonye, bajya mu rugamba bamaze kurwiga neza.

Ikigaragara ni uko uru rubyiruko rwiyise Wazalendo ruzakomeza gushirira muri iyi ntambara, ikibazo akaba ari ukumenya niba bazakomeza kwemera kurwana mu gihe bagenzi babo bari gupfa nk’amasazi ku rugamba. Twibuke ko abagize Wazalendo bamwe ari abarwanyi ab FDLR, abandi ni Mai Mai n’indi mitwe nka NDC-Renové na ACPLS bazwiho guhinduka nk’ikirere.

– Hari umusesenguzi udafite aho abogamiye wavuze ko bigoye ngo Leta ya Kinshasa yisubireho ku murongo w’icengezamatwara yari yarafashe, ry’uko ibyago byose byatewe n’Abatutsi. Benshi mu banye-Congo bamaze kumira bungura ubwo burozi, ku buryo kuburuka bigoye. M23 n’abatutsi muri Kivu zombi nabo barabizi ko ibiganiro byonyine na Leta ya Kinshasa bidashobora gukemura ibibazo bafite.

Ingaboza Congo zikorana n'imitwe yitwaje intwaro, yibumbiye mu cyiswe 'Wazalendo'

Leta Congo irabizi neza ko M23 icyo itegereje ari igihe cya nyacyo FARDC bakayishyira ku ruhande, hagashyirwaho Leta y’agateganyo izafasha mu gucyura impunzi zinyanyagiye muri Uganda n’u Rwanda zigasubira iwabo muri RDC. Ni ibintu bishobora gutwara amezi cyangwa imyaka. Ikigaragara ni uko M23 idashobora kuzemera ibintu byose bizatuma impunzi zigaruka ngo babuzwe kuzirindira umutekano, kuko M23 iramutse ibyemeye havuka ibindi bibazo byinshi. Leta ya Congo irabizi ko M23 ibihagazeho kandi idateze gutezuka.

– Hari undi musesenguzi wavuze ko kubera Leta ya Congo idashaka intambara nyayo yeruye kuri ubu, ariyo mpamvu iri gushyiramo imbaraga ngo habe amatora, binyuze mu mayanga yose ashoboka kugira ngo Tshisekedi agume ku butegetsi. Ibyo bizatuma umuryango mpuzamahanga ukomeza kumushyigikira. Icyakora uwo musesenguzi yemeranya natwe ko ibintu bikomeye, Tshisekedi ashobora gukoma rutenderi akinjira mu ntambara yeruye na M23.

M23

M23 tubona uyu munsi ntaho ihuriye n’iyahungiye muri Uganda mu 2013, nta n’ubwo yagereranywa na za CNDP za Laurent Nkunda. Nibyo benshi mu basirikare ba M23 barwanye kubwa Nkunda na Makenga mu myaka ishize ariko M23 y’ubu ntabwo benshi bayisobanukiwe. Niyo mahirwe yayo kandi ni nabyo byago byayo. Ubuyobozi bw’uyu mutwe buri mu maboko ya Sultani Makenga ijana ku ijana ndetse n’ibyegera bye by’abasirikare b’abizerwa.

Imbaraga zabo ziva kuri abo basirikare bafite ubunararibonye mu ntambara barwanye mbere ndetse n’ibisirikare bindi babayemo. Kubafata nk’abatutsi byaba ari ukwibeshya kuko M23 ni umutwe urimo n’abandi basirikare bo hanze ya Kivu. Yego bamwe ni urubyiruko rwakuriye mu nkambi rurambiwe ubuhunzi ariko harimp n’abavukiye muri RDC. Wakwibaza ngo M23 y’ubu itaniye he n’izayibanjirije?

– Nk’uko dukunze kubivugaho, M23 y’ubu irabura ishami rya politiki rigaragara ari nayo mpamvu amaso yose ahangwa ishami ry’igisirikare. Mu ntangiriro twabwiwe ko M23 ari umutwe udafite ingufu, ko gusubiza inyuma FARDC na FDLR bibabiza icyuya.

Bari bafite umujinya w’uburyo abahoze ari abayobozi babo batabashije kurinda isezerano ubwo bemeraga kurambika intwaro hasi mu 2013. Byashoboka ko ibi byatumye bashyira imbaraga mu gisirikare kuko ibya politiki kubyizera bitoroshye no kwizera umusaruro wabyo. Ibindi twumvise ni uko mu myaka yashize, hari bamwe mu biyitaga abanyapolitiki ba M23 bagakoresha uwo mwanya mu kwishakira imirimo i Kinshasa. Bamwe baje no kubahinduka, baba ibisambo. Ibyakozwe n’umuryango wa Kabila ni urugero rwiza. Abandi nka Bizima Karaha barangije umwuga wabo wa politiki nabi.

– Ibi bituma M23 uba umutwe bigoye kugerwaho n’itangazamakuru ry’amahanga. Kugira ngo ugereyo, bisa kwambuka umupaka nta visa. Leta ya Congo yabateye ubwoba, ivuga ko uzinjirayo nta visa akajya kureba M23, ubutaha nashaka kujya mu bindi bice bya Congo nta visa azabona. Icyakora na M23 ntabwo yumva neza itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga, ari nayo mpamvu bisa n’ibyananiranye kumvisha amahanga icyo barwanira.

Gen Sultani Makenga ufite inshingano zose z'imiyoborere ya M23

– Kubura uburyo bw’itumanaho bwubatse neza no kutagira gahunda ihamye ya politiki bishobora kuba ari amahitamo meza, ariko aho bigeze benshi bakomeje kwibaza ku hazaza ha M23. Ntabwo wakwirengagiza ko ukuri no kugirirwa icyizere bituruka mu ihanahanamakuru rikozwe neza.

– M23 yagaragaje ubushake, igira uruhare mu biganiro byose yagiye itumirwamo. Ntabwo bisanzwe kuba bataragiye banga indi myanzuro yafatiwe mu biganiro batitabiriye nko muri Angola, Burundi cyangwa se Nairobi aho Leta ya Congo yagiye yanga ko bajya mu biganiro. Bamaze kwemera ko ibiganiro na Tshisekedi bidashoboka kandi ko atari byo bizakemura ikibazo cyabo. Bamaze kubona ko kandi abaturage ba Congo bamaze kozwa mu bwonko ku buryo batiteguye kwakira ibihumbi by’abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda mu gihe baba batahutse.

Ibi ni nabyo bituma inzira za politiki na dipolomasi batazishyira imbere ariko bibagirwa ko hari benshi babashyigikiye bakeneye amakuru y’impamo.

– Amwe mu makuru dukura mu basirikare bato ba M23 n’abo bakorana nabo, ni uko biteguye kurwana ndetse bakaba bari kongerera ingufu ibirindiro byabo ku buryo bitabasha kumenerwamo n’ibitero bya FARDC. Uko babona umwanya uhagije wo kwitegura, ni amahirwe kuri bo ku buryo kuba bajya mu itangazamakuru babivugaho, byaba ari nko kuburira Kinshasa.

Izindi mpamvu

Ibibazo byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika, biri kugira uruhare mu gutuma ibyo muri RC bidahabwa umwanya cyane. Umwuka uri muri Niger, Burkina Faso na Mali nibyo biri kwiganza mu itangazamakuru mpuzamahanga aho Abafaransa bari kwirukanwa. Ibi hamwe n’intambara yo muri Ukraine, ibibazo biri hagati y’Abanyamerika n’Abashinwa, bituma ibyo muri Congo bitagaragara.

Ni ikibazo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari aho benshi mu baturage barambiriza ku binyamakuru mpuzamahanga (RFI, France 24, BBC)ngo babone amakuur arebana n’ibihugu byabo. Abandi bajyaga barambiriza kuri Twitter ngo babone amakuru, batangiye kurambirwa kubera amakuru atangwa n’abantu bameze nk’abatazi amateka y’igihugu cyabo, bagakwirakwiza ibihuha, bakirirwa batukana n’abatangaje ibyo batumva kimwe.

Hari ibimenyetso by’uko intambata ya M23 na Guverinoma ya Congo ishobora kwaguka ikagera no muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ni ikibazo turi gukurikirana. Ubusanzwe umubano w’Abanyamulenge n’abandi Batutsi bo muri Congo ntabwo wakunze kuba mwiza ariko ikarita y’ivangurabwoko yiofashishijwe na Leta ya Kinshasa, yatumye bongera gushyira hamwe. Uku gushyira hamwe nigukomeza, gushobora guhindura ibintu mu karere.

Abanyamahanga n’ubu ntabwo barumva iby’amoko y’abatutsi muri Congo. Benshi mu banyamakuru biyita inzobere z’aka karere, bitiranya abatutsi bo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’Abanyamulenge. Ntabwo bumva amateka n’’isano iri hagati y’Abatutsi mu Burundi n’u Rwanda, Abanyamulenge n’Abagogwe. Kuba noneho n’abayobozi i Kinshasa batabyumva, bishobora kubabera bibi mu gihe kiri imbere.

Guceceka kwa M23 na Leta ya Congo guteye amakenga ku gishobora gukurikiraho mu minsi iri imbere