Ejobundi abakuru b’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) bahuriye mu mujyi wa Bujumbura. Nta n’umwe wari witeze umusaruro mwiza ku bivugirwamo ariko birazwi ko kuganira ari byiza kurusha kurwana. Perezida Felix Tshisekedi yigiriyeyo mu gihe ingabo ze zisumbirijwe, umujyi wa Goma uragoswe ku buryo guhagarika imirwano aricyo gikenewe ngo igisirikare cye kibone agahenge.

Nyuma yo kubona ko ibintu bimeze nabi, FARDC ifatanyije n’abambari bayo barimo FDLR, barwanye umuhenerezo ngo barebe ko basubiza inyuma M23 ariko biba iby’ubusa. Goma iragoswe ubu, ingabo za Congo, FARDC nta buryo zifite bwo gusohoka cyangwa kwinjira muri uwo mujyi, inyeshyamba za M23 nizo zifite urufunguzo, isaha yose zabishakira zafata ikibuga cy’indege cya Goma. Guhagarika inzira zose zo mu kiyaga cya Kivu nabyo biroroshye cyane.

Ibiganiro byose bihuza Guverinoma ya Congo n’ibihugu bituranye nta musaruro bizageraho mu gihe Congo itemera kuganira na M23 imbonankubone. Hari abanyamahanga bibagirwa ko mu 2013 habayeho ubwumvikane, General Sultani Makenga akavana ingabo ze i Goma zikajya mu buhungiro mu Rwanda na Uganda.

Nta mirwano yabayeho ariko Kinshasa ibivuga nk’aho ari intsinzi yabonye ku Batutsi b’Abanye-Congo, ari nayo mpamvu yari yaranzuye ko nta bindi biganiro bizongera kubaho.

Muri icyo M23 yari isinziriye, inyeshyamba z’abahezanguni b’Abahutu za FDLR zakomeje guhabwa ubufasha n’Abanya-Uganda, nyuma zikomeza gufashwa na FARDC. Ubwo umwuka hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda wari wifashe nabi, Abanya-Uganda boherereje FDLR intwaro ariko ubwo ibibazo byakemukaga, FARDC ari nayo mufatanyabikorwa w’Imena wa FDLR yakomeje akazi itanga ubufasha.

M23 yabonye ko birambiranye kubera ibibazo FDLR yari iri guteza, maze ubuyobozi bw’uwo mutwe bwiyemeza kuva mu nkambi z’impunzi zikinjira muri Sabyinyo gushyira igitutu kuri Leta ya Kinshasa. Bifuzaga kuvugira benewabo, Abatutsi b’Abanye-Congo bamaze imyaka mu nkambi zo mu Rwanda ndetse no gusaba ko M23 yinjizwa muri FARDC. Aho kubumva Kinshasa yabise ibyihebe. Byarushijeho kuba bibi ubwo Perezida Tshisekedi n’abambari be batangiraga gutunga agatoki u Rwanda ko arirwo rufasha M23.

Umuryango mpuzamahanga nawo wunze mu ndirimbo yatewe na Kinshasa, bemeza ko icyo gihugu kiri kubangamirwa n’umuturanyi wacyo. Umuryango mpuzamahanga wongeye kugwa mu makosa yo kudasobanukirwa ikibazo cy’Abatutsi mu karere k’Ibiyaga bigari, ukagendera ku makuru uhabwa gusa n’imiryango yamunzwe nka Human Rights Watch.

Ibihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bubiligi, u Bufaransa nibyo byatanze uruhushya kare kose ngo Tshisekedi abe Perezida atanatsinze amatora. Bari babizi ko Congo isigaye ku izina gusa naho ubundi mu bigaragara igeze aharindimuka. Uyu munsi amazi asa n’ayarenze inkombe nyamara byari kuba byaririnzwe kare.

Mobutu wahoze ayobora icyo gihugu yagisize ari amatongo, Kabila mukuru n’umuhungu we bagishyira habi kurusha ariko umushoferi wa Taxi uturutse i Bruxelles we yagishyize mu manga.
Uyu musore ntabwo yigeze aba muri Congo, amaze kugera ku butegetsi yiyegereje abanyapoliiki bashaje ndetse n’inshuti ze zaba ize bwite n’abo mu muryango we. Iminsi ya mbere byaragaragaraga ariko abantu bamuha umwanya ngo agerageze. Nyuma nibwo byaje kugaragara ko adashoboye.

M23

Ubwo M23 yeguraga intwaro umwaka ushize, yari ifite abasirikare bake. Uko bakomeza gusunika FARDC, imibare y’abasirikare bayo bariyongereye. Ibihumbi by’abasore b’impunzi z’abanye-Congo barinjiye. Uwo mutwe kandi watangiye guhabwa inkunga n’Abatutsi b’abanye-Congo baba mu mahanga ku buryo bafite intwaro nyinshi mu bubiko. Kubyuka kwa M23 byahaye imbaraga n’ishami ryayo rya politiki.

Ubwo General Laurent Nkunda yafataga iy’ubuhungiro, abasore bari bagize uwo mutwe bamwe bahise bajya gukomeza amashuri ya za kaminuza mu mahanga, abandi bajya gukarishya ubumenyi mu bya gisirikare harimo n’icya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Uyu munsi bose baragarutse.

Niyo mpamvu uyu mutwe uteye ubwoba Leta ya Kinshasa kubera ko indi mitwe isaga 130 iri mu karere, igizwe n’amabandi adafite ubumenyi na buke mu by’imiyoborere y’igisirikare. Kuba M23 igaragara nk’umutwe ufite umurongo uhamye, nibyo byatumye benshi bumva ko nta wundi waba ubiri inyuma atari u Rwanda. Ariko ukuri ni uko inyeshyamba za M23 ziyobowe neza kandi zifite ikinyabupfura. Bari guharanira kuzana impinduka no gucyura imiryango yabo. Leta ya Kinshasa irabizi neza ko M23 iramutse ibashije kwigarurira Abahutu bo muri Congo ndetse n’Abanyamulenge bo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Kivu zombi yaba izifite mu biganza hanyuma ibindi bice bya Congo bigakurikiraho.

Goma

Imigambi ya M23 ntabwo ari ugufata Goma. Ibimenyetso bihari byose bigaragaza ko bazagarukira muri Kibumba na Sake, ubundi umujyi wa Goma ukirwanaho.

Ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko imbaraga M23 izazishyira mu guca umutwe indi mitwe ibangamye nka FDLR na Nyatura. FDLR igaragara nk’ifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha uko benshi babikeka. Ni imbaraga basubiranye biturutse ku bufasha bahawe na Uganda ndetse n’ubwo bahabwa na FARDC. Abazi ako karere bavuga ko mu mezi atandatu ashize uwo mutwe wabarirwaga abarwanyi 3000. Nibo bagenzuraga uduce bahingamo imboga, aho batwikira amakara ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu duce igenzura. M23 yamaze kubirukanamo ndetse ubu niyo igenzura agace kazwi nka ‘Petit Nord’ kari mu Majyepfo y’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Nibura ku mwaka, FDLR ibarirwa ko yinjiza miliyoni ijana z’amadolari. Ubwo ingabo zayo zivanaga muri aka gace M23 isigaye igenzura, zahungiye ahandi nka Pinga na Bwito. Icyakora bahasize ibyitso byabo byivanze n’abaturage basanzwe, bishobora kwishyira hamwe rimwe na rimwe bikagaba udutero-shuma, ngo bitere ubwoba abaturage.

Abarwanyi ba M23 bariyongereye ariko nayo ntiragira ingufu zo kurwana ingamba zitandukanye icyarimwe, ku buryo babasha kwinjira neza mu mutima w’umutekano w’uduce bagenzura. Bigaragara ko mu minsi iri imbere nibamara kwisuganya, bazakurikizaho guhandura FDLR.

Hagati aho, Goma ishobora kuzamo akavuyo mu gihe cya vuba kuko ingabo za EAC zerekanya ko zitarajwe ishinga no kurwanya M23. Ni ibintu byababaje Perezida Tshisekedi wumvaga ko azabifashisha mu kwikuramo mu isoni zo gutsindwa kw’ingabo ze. Insoresore zatangiye kwigaragambya muri Goma ari nako zishyiraho bariyeri zitambika ingabo za EAC ndetse n’iza Monusco. Izi nsoresore zigibwa mu matwi n’abayobozi, umuryango mpuzamahanga.
Ibi byiyongeraho imvugo zijijisha z’inzego zishinzwe itumanaho muri Guverinoma ya Congo, bikarushaho kuba bibi.

Kuwa Gatandatu Tshisekedi yavuye i Bujumbura amara masa. Yageze n’aho asinya itangazo rimusaba gusenya imitwe yitwaje intwaro ashyigikiye. Bivuze ko yemeye kwirukana FDLR ndetse n’abacanshuro yahaye ikiraka. Hari benshi mu barwanyi ba FDLR n’abo bacanshuro bamaze iminsi bapfa, guhindukira Tshisekedi akabirukana ni ukwikoraho. Umujinya wose FDLR izawutura FARDC.

M23 ntabwo yibona nk’umutwe w’abanyamahanga nubwo itigeze itumirwa mu biganiro. Icyakora gusubira inyuma nabyo ntibiri mu migambi yayo. Agahenge ko guhagarika imirwano kasabwe n’inama ya Bujumbura karamutse kabayeho koko, byayiha umwanya wo kwisuganya no kwinjira neza mu bice yafashe, ikaranduramo FDLR burundu.

Kigali

Ibibazo bikomeje kwigaragaza mu ntara za Kivu byabereye insobe Leta ya Kigali. Perezida Kagame ntabwo yifuza intambara cyangwa kwiyomekaho uduce tumwe twa RDC. Icyo ashaka ni iterambere kandi bikozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko bw’ubuhahirane, byaba byiza kurushaho.

Birashoboka ko nta bufasha M23 yahabwaga cyangwa se niba yarabuhabwaga bwari buke ariko byabaye bibi cyane ubwo FARDC yifataga ikarasa mu Rwanda, ikarengaho indege zayo z’intambara zikavogera ikirere cy’u Rwanda. Byahinduye uko u Rwanda rwafataga ikibazo. Kuba kandi FDLR ihabwa ubufasha na FARDC, nabyo ni ikindi cyo kwikanga ku Rwanda. Icyo gihe Kinshasa yari yaramaze kumvisha Isi ko M23 ifashwa n’u Rwanda ariko siko byari bimeze.

Kugeza n’ubu u Rwanda rwemeza ko rutari muri Congo nubwo hari ababifata nko kubeshya. Impamvu ni uko hari abafata umututsi wese nk’Umunyarwanda, hakiyongeraho ko imirwanire ya M23 ijya kumera nk’iya RDF. Ikindi kandi Abatutsi benshi baba mu mahanga bumva neza M23.

Mu biganiro nagiye ngirana n’inzobere mu bya gisirikare z’abanyamahanga, bagiye bambwira ko igisirikare cyose cyakwisanga mu mwanya nk’uwa RDF, ari ingenzi kohereza abantu bacyo bake bakajya gutata umwanzi kugira ngo bamenye aho ari. Kuri iyi nshuro ariko bisa nk’ibidakenewe. Biroroshye guhabwa amakuru na M23 kuko barayafite kandi bahoze ari inshuti.

Ibitero by’ubwiyahuzi

Ikibazo gikomeye ni uburyo Tshisekedi n’igisirikare cye basunikiwe cyane kwirundanyiriza mu mujyi wa Goma, ariko bakarenga bagakomeza kugaba ibitero ku Rwanda. Mu minsi ishize Kinshasa yagiye ifata imyanzuro myinshi y’ubugoryi none aho bigeze batangiye gutakaza agaciro mu maso y’amahanga. Ubwa mbere bagize amahirwe yo gukingirwa ikibaba n’umuryango mpuzamahanga.

Hari aho byageze u Burundi na Uganda bishaka gukuririra u Rwanda mu ntambara yeruye ariko Kagame abimenya kare. Ubu bwo siko bikimeze. U Rwanda rwamaze kubona neza ko ubugoryi bw’abayobora Congo, aribyo bizangisha Tshisekedi abaturage be akava muri Kivu kibuno mpa amaguru! Birazwi ko bibaye intambara yeruye, umuryango mpuzamahanga waza bwangu kumutabara. Tshisekedi yaba ari umusazi cyane aramutse aciye uyu muvuno. U Rwanda rwamaze kugwiza ingabo nyinshi ku mupaka ku buryo zasubiza inyuma icyaba cyose. Ntaho FARDC na FDLR byamenera, binabaye ntibyahirwa imbere ya RDF.

Umupaka wa Goma na Gisenyi urarinzwe. RDF kandi iri kwisuganya ishyira ingabo nyinshi hagati ya Cyangugu na Bugarama. Si ibintu bari gukora ku mugaragaro iyo batabona ko Congo iteye ikibazo kigaragara. N’imbeba ya FDLR ntiyabona aho inyura kuri ubu. Byaba rero ari ubusazi n’ubwiyahuzi igisirikare cya Congo cyangwa FDLR bibeshye bagatera. Goma na Bukavu byafatwa mu masaha.

Abadipolomate benshi twaganiriye bemeza ko Tshisekedi yaba ari umusazi abyishoyemo. Hari n’uwambwiye ko bibaye ngombwa ko atera, yabikorera mu mujyi utuwe nka Goma kugira ngo hapfe abaturage benshi. Nko mu cyumweru gishize FARDC yasutse imvura y’ibisasu kuri Kitchanga. Nubwo M23 ntacyo byari biyitwaye, hari abaturage benshi bahasize ubuzima. Ni ibyerekana ko Congo ubuzima bw’abaturage bayo ntacyo buyibwiye.

Abanyapolitiki bo muri Congo

Umuryango mpuzamahanga iyo uza kubyinjiramo kare ugahatira Guverinoma ya Congo kuganira na M23 kandi bakubahiriza amasezerano basinye mu 2013, ntabwo ibintu byakabaye biri aho bigeze ubu.

Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yabashije Mobutu na Kabila mu myaka yashize. Martin Fayulu watsinze amatora ashize ariko akigizwayo ngo ahe umwanya Tshisekedi, birazwi ko ari umwanzi ukomeye w’Abatutsi. Kubera ibibazo bikomeje muri Kivu zombi ndetse n’uburyo Guverinoma ya Kinshasa yakomeje gushinja u Rwanda kuba nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byose ifite, nta cyizere abanyapolitiki bo muri Congo bagifitiye u Rwanda. Ni nayo mpamvu hari abantu benshi i Kigali bumva ko ibintu byasubira mu buryo u Rwanda rwinjiyeyo rugashyira ibintu byose ku murongo. Ni ibintu byari kwirindwa mu minsi yashize.

FARDC na FDLR nta mbaraga bafite kandi Abatutsi bo muri Congo nabo babona ko binashobotse ko Guverinoma ya Congo yemera ibiganiro na M23, byaba ari ukubarangaza nkuko byagenze ubushize, kugira ngo izongere ibirengeho ubutaha. Ikigaragara ni uko n’ibiganiro bibayeho, bazatsimbarara ku gusaba ko habaho igisirikare cy’abavuga Ikinyarwanda kirinda benewabo muri Kivu zombi. Abanyamulenge muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru nabo birigaragaza ko ari uyu murongo bazakoresha.

Iminsi mike iri imbere iduhishiye byinshi ku hazaza ha RDC. Nta mahoro ashoboka mu gihe Guverinoma ya Kinshasa yanze kubahiriza amasezerano yasinywe mu 2013. Reka twizere ko bizagenda neza.

Inama y'abakuru b'ibihugu bya EAC yafashe imyanzuro, Congo bucya inyuranya nayo