Muri iyi minsi, intambara ya M23 na Leta ya RDC yaciye ururondogoro Itangazamakuru Mpuzamahanga n’iryo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari. Abasesenguzi banyuranye bagenda bavuga impamvu zinyuranye zihanganishije impande zombi ariko icyo bose bahuriraho ni uko Leta ya RDC nta na rimwe iricara ngo icukumbure impamvu kuva yabona ubwigenge muri 1960, Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bagenda bibasirwa, ubu bikaba bishya bishyira Jenoside y’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi.

Muri iyi nyandiko turibanda cyane ku mpamvu Ababiligi basenye chefferies(shefori) z’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bakaza gusanga baragiye banyagwa ubutaka gakondo bwabo bikaza kuba urwitwazo rwo kubaka ubwenegihugu. Turifashisha amakuru anyuranye ariko cyane cyane akubiye mu nyandiko ya Nyakwigendera Gaston Nganguzi Rwasamanzi yise “Les causes lointaines et recentes de la problematique de la citoyennete des Rwandophones congolais en RDC” yo ku wa 26 Mata 2020, yasohotse muri Rwanda News.

Isenywa rya Shefori(Chefferies )z’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru

Muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo hari hari shefori eshatu z’abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda arizo Gahutu, Badurege na Kayira. Izi Shefori zari zituwe kuva mu kinyejana cya 15(kuva Abakomoka kuri Byinshi bajya gutura muri Itombwe). Ntabwo zari zigize u Rwanda nta n’imbibi zazihuzaga n’u Rwanda nkuko bimeze muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Zari zituwe n’Abanyamulenge biganjemo abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi . Amategeko teka anyuranye :06/10/1891, 03/06/1906, 02/05/1910 yemeraga ko ari Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda.

Itegeko teka ryo ku wa 05 Gashyantare 1933 ryakuyeho izo Shefori zizigabanya andi moko y’Ababembe, Abafulero, Abalega. Impamvu nyamukuru ngo ni uko byagaragaraga ko Abanyamulenge batayoboka ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi, bakanga kwakira intica ntikize y’ingurane y’amafaranga babahaga ngo batware ubutaka bwabo kandi andi moko yo yemera.

Nyuma yo kunyagwa, Abatware baho barafunzwe, abandi bacirirwa mu zindi ntara, bagahozwaho ijisho ngo batazibeshya bagasubirana ubutegetsi bw’izo Shefori. Kuva ubwo amakimbirane yabaye urudaca, abatware bo muri ariya moko bari bahanganye bahabwa amabwiriza yo kubatoteza no kubakandamiza.

Mu 1963 aho Petero Mulele yivumbagatanije ku butegetsi bwari bumaze kwicisha Lumumba, Abanyamulenge bafatanije na Leta gutsinda Abamulelisite, bongera kugirirwa icyizere na Leta ya Mobutu kugeza muri za 1990 ubwo inama Rukokoma yiswe Conference Nationale Souveraine( CNS) itangiye kwibasira Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bikaza gutizwa umurindi na Raporo yiswe Rapport Vangu.

Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda nyuma gushaka icyababohora, baje kujya muri AFDL, RDC Goma, CNDP, M23 bagamije kwigobotora iryo totezwa ryabaye agatereranzamba.

Ababiligi rero bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gusenya ziriya shefori eshatu bazigabira Abalega, Abavira n’Abafurero kandi bari bamaze kubateranya buhoro buhoro , bikaba byarabaye urwitwazo rwo kubambura ubwenegihugu bw’ubunyekongo.

Isenywa rya Shefori (Chefferies) zo muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru

Shefori (Chefferies )zasenywe ni iza Jomba na Bwishya zo mu ntara ya Rutshuru zategekwaga n’Igikomangoma Nyindo wari umuhungu wa Rwabugili wari ufite urugo mu Bufumbira. Icyakora, akaga gace yagategekerwaga n’abatware babiri aribo Nshizirungu na Kabango bo mu bwoko bw”Abatutsi.

Mu mwaka wa 1922, Ababiligi bakuyeho abo batware barabanyaga bitwaje ko ngo bakomeza kuyoboka umwami w’u Rwanda.Twibuke ko muri iyo myaka Umwami w’u Rwanda Yuhi V Musinga yari ahanganye cyane n’Ababiligi, kumuyoboka kw’abo Banye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda byagaragaye nko kwigomeka.

Izo Shefori zaje gukurwaho zihindurwamo Shefori ya Rutshuru, bayigabira Ndeze Daniel wari mu bwoko bw’Abahutu. Uwo Ndeze yari avuye muri gereza akaba mwene Mburano wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri (Rwanda). Yaje kuba igikoresho cy’Ababiligi, bambura Abatutsi ubutaka bwabo barabatoteza karahava nyuma abenshi bahungira mu Bufumbira na Gishari.

Kuva ubwo Abatutsi bo muri Rutchuru barakandamizwa uretse bake nka ba Rwakabuba, Habarugira baje kwinjira muri Politiki baciye mu mashyaka.

Shefori ya Byahi

Iyi shefori yari mu Ntara ya Goma, yatwarwaga n’umutware Karera washyirwagaho n’Umwami w’u Rwanda agategekerwa n’abo mu bwoko bw’Abagunga aribo baje gutuma hitirirwa ya nkambi yitwaga Mugunga yabayemo impunzi z’Abanyarwanda mu 1994.

Mu 1916, Ababiligi baramwijunditse bavuga ko ashyigikiye Abadage baramunyaga, bahagabira uwo mu bwoko bw’Abakumu wakomokaga muri Maniema na we ku gitsure cy’Ababiligi atangira kubakandamiza.

Abamusimbuye bose barimo Nzabonimpa, Butsitsi bashyingiranye n’Abagunga bayoboka umuco nyarwanda ariko imbuto y’urwikekwe no kwishishanya zari zatewe ku buryo impunzi zo muri 1994 zagiyeyo zisa n’izisanga.

Shefori za Gishari na Kamuronsi zo mu Ntara ya Masisi

Izi shefori zategekwaga n’Abatware bazwi b’Abanyarwanda nka Rwubusisi na Semugeshi. Rwabugili yari ahafite ubushyo bw’inyambo bwitwaga Imisagara.

Bivugwa ko ubwo Musinga yavukaga muri 1883 ariho Rwabugili yari ari ashagawe n’Intore z’Abasinga, hanyuma mu byishimo byinshi umuhungu we amwita Musinga nk’ikitiriro cy’abari bamushagaye.

Muri 1923, Ababiligi bahanyaze Abatware b’Abanyarwanda bahagabira Umuhunde witwaga Kalinda Andereya nyuma basanga atazashobora kuhategeka, bahasubiza Abatware b’Abanyarwanda. Mu 1937 hagabiwe Shefu Bideli Joseph aza gusimburwa na Bucyana Wilfried.

Bucyana yahazanye ibikorwa by’amajyambere; Amakoperative y’ubuhinzi, amashuri, ubworozi bwa kijyambere. Muri za 1958 kubera umwuka mubi watutumbaga hagati y’ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi n’ubwa cyami, Ababiligi baje kuhasubiza Abahunde, amakimbirane ahemberwa atyo ari nayo ubu twumva muri iki gihe cy’intambara ya M23 na FARDC ifatanya na FDLR, Mai Mai n’indi mitwe.

Mupenzi George agaragaza ko ubukolini bw'Ababiligi bufite uruhare runini mu guhembera amakimbirane yatumye kugeza n'ubu abavuga IKinyarwanda muri Congo bibasirwa

Twatinze ku isenywa rya za Shefori zo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, dushaka kwerekana ko kugira ngo Ababiligi bikize burundu Abatware b’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, babanyaze ubutegetsi buhabwa andi moko bahanganye hanyuma uko inzangano zagiye zihemberwa bagenda bitwa abanyamahanga ari nazo mpamvu za kure z’izi ntambara zihora muri RDC y’Iburasirazuba.

Amategeko avuguruzanya, kwivanga kwa MRND…

Hari rero n’izindi mpamvu za vuba umuntu yavuga ko zagize uruhare runini mu guhanganisha amoko yo muri ziriya Kivu zombi no gutuma abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi bibasirwa by’umwihariko.

Impamvu z’ingenzi harimo amategeko avuguruzanya ku bijyanye n’ubwenegihugu bw’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda n’amacakubiri yabibwe kuva ku Ngoma y’Ababiligi yatumye n’imitungo cyane cyane iy’Abatutsi yigabizwa.

Twavuga kandi kwivanga kw’ishyaka MRND rya Juvenal Habyarimana mu kubiba ivanguramoko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Inama ya Rukokoma CNS na RaporoVangu byanzuye byemeza ko Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bagomba gusubizwa aho baturutse.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 yatumye Zaïre yemera kwakira impunzi zirimo Abakoze mu gisirikare cya kera EX FAR, Interahamwe n’abandi. Aho kwamburwa intwaro no gutuzwa kure y’umupaka, bakiriwe nk’amata y’Abashyitsi babiba ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, bashinga FDLR, bakomeza umugambi mubisha wo gutera u Rwanda ari nacyo kibazo u Rwanda ruhanganye nacyo kuva muri 1994.

Urebye iyi niyo mpamvu muzi kuko mbere ya 1994 kubera impamvu zinyuranye hashoboraga kuba amakimbirane asanzwe ariko ntihabe ubwicanyi bwibasira aka kageni abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi. Imitwe y’iterabwoba nibwo yavutse kuko yiganaga FDLR yicaga igakiza muri Zaïre kera na RDC y’ubu.

Intambara hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC kuva muri 1996

Izi ntambara mu byiciro binyuranye nizo Abarwanya ubutegetsi muri RDC bagenda bitwaza bangisha Abanye-Congo u Rwanda. Nizo ba Martin Fayulu, Denis Mukwege n’Abambari babo bitwaza babeshya amahanga ko u Rwanda rushaka gucamo ibice RDC.

Ibyo kandi nibyo ubutegetsi bwa Felix Tshikesedi bwitwaza bunanirwa gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano bagiranye na M23 ariko mu by’ukuri ari urwitwazo rwa Politiki rwo kwigizayo amatora ya Perezida ateganijwe mu mpera za 2023. Nibyo ubwo butegetsi bwitwaza bubeshya ko nta ngabo FDLR ifite, ko abo iteza ibibazo ari Abanye-Congo kandi abantu bazi neza ko binjijwe mu ngabo za FARDC, bakanakomeza gukorera Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi Jenoside.

Guceceka gukabije no kureebeera kw’ibihugu by’amahanga

Iyo urebye itotezwa n’iyicwarubozo ry’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi, usanga bifitanye isano n’ibyagiye bikorwa mu Rwanda kuva hatangira jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri za 1959.

Amacakubiri yabibwe n’Ababiligi kuva muri za 1925, akaza umurego muri za 1957,aba intandaro ya jenoside yo muri 1959, impunzi z’Abatutsi zikwira mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda,akaza umurego muri za 1957,aba intandaro ya jenoside yo mu 1994 .Ubwicanyi bwabaga Ababiligi barebera ndetse na bamwe muri bo babushyigikiye.

Abafaransa n’Ababiligi bavuga Igifaransa hari imvugo bakoresha yitwa “Un silence assourdissant” .Umuntu agenekereje ni nko kuvuga ngo “guceceka kumena amatwi”. Bayikoresha bashaka kwerekana ko ibintu bibi birimo gukorwa hari urebera wagombye kubyamagana cyangwa kugira icyo abikoraho ariko akinumira.

Ni nkabyo Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wakoze mu gihe cya jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi muri 1994 ari nabyo ikora muri iki gihe cy’ubwicanyi bukorerwa Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi .

Muri 1963 Inyenzi zimaze gutera u Rwanda habayeho icyiswe Noheli y’Amaraso. Mu rwego rwo guhoora, Leta y’u Rwanda yari iyobowe na Kayibanda Gregoire yateguye ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi cyane cyane mu yari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, mu Bugesera, muri Kibungo(Rukumbeli), mu Ruhengeri(Nyamagumba), muri Kigali no mu bindi bice binyuranye by’u Rwanda.

Icyo gihe Umufaransa w’Umufilozofe (philosophe) Jean Paul Sartre yaravuze ati “Biratangaje kubona ntacyo u Bubiligi buvuga kuri Jenoside irimo gukorerwa Abatutsi mu gihugu cyari Koloni yabwo”. N’ubu iyo urebye ukuntu nta Muyobozi cyangwa Umushakashatsi w’Umubiligi ufata iya mbere ngo asobanurire amahanga ikibazo muzi cy’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda usanga uko guceceka umuntu yakwibazaho (leur silence est assourdissant).

Twagiye tuvuga uruhare bagize mu kunyaga Abatware b’Abatutsi Ubuyobozi bakabateranya n’andi moko bikaba aribyo birimo gukomeza gutera umwiryane hagati y’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda n’Andi moko.

Hashize imyaka ibiri n’igice u Bubiligi bushyizeho Komisiyo y’Abadepite idasanzwe yo gucukumbura uruhare icyo gihugu cyagize mu bibazo cyateje muri Koloni zacyo: DRC, Rwanda, Burundi. Kubera amarorerwa y’Ibyo bahakoze akomeza kugira ingaruka kuri ibyo bihugu. Abagize iyo Komisiyo bananiwe kuyumvikanaho iba imfabusa. Bo bagira n’Imana nta n’umunyamakuru wagize gutya ngo ayitangaze itarasohoka mu gihe Raporo zivuga ku bindi bihugu (urugero ku Rwanda) zisohoka zitaratangazwa kubera gushyuhaguzwa mu gukongeza umuriro no gushakisha ibihano.

U Bubiligi bwari bukwiye gusobanurira amahanga ikibazo cy’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda aho kuruca bakarumira iyo abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bakorerwa Jenoside isi yose irebera, hakaba hari n’ubwicanyi busa n’ubakorwaga igihe cya jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi mu Rwanda bushingiye kw’isura ya nyiramukubitwa(delit de facies) kirimo gufata indi ntera muri RDC.

Twizeye ko Komisiyo y’Abadepite idasanzwe ishinzwe gucukumbura uruhare rw’amateka y’ubukoloni mu bibazo biri mu Karere , by’Umwihariko biri mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC) bikagira n’Ingaruka ku mibanire y’U Rwanda na DRC, izatanga amakuru ahagije kuri ibi bibazo ikerekana n’ingamba zafatwa ngo ibi bibazo bikemuke burundu.

Congo ikwiriye kureka inzitwazo

Amateka atwereka ko kuva muri ya nama y’i Berlin yo muri 1885 , u Rwanda rwambuwe ibice binini byomekwa kuri RDC, ibindi byomekwa kuri Uganda.Ibyo byafashwe nk’ihame ntawakwihanukira ngo avuge ko iyo mipaka izasubira uko yari iri.

Mu bihe binyuranye Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bagiye batotezwa bakimwa ubwenegihugu bagacirirwa mu bihugu by’ibituranyi ariko cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bakagenda bicwa rubozo kugeza aho ubu bakorerwa jenoside ku mugaragaro.

Kubera impamvu zinyuranye, Abategetsi ba RDC bagiye birengagiza iki kibazo bakakitirira u Rwanda ngo rushaka gucamo RDC ibice kugira ngo rusahure umutungo wacyo. Igitangaje ni uko amwe mu mahanga asa n’ayoboka icyo kinyoma akananirwa kucyamagana no gushyira igitutu kuri RDC ngo yihutire kugikemura.

Abategetsi ba DRC bari bakwiye gusesengura impamvu Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bakomeza kwimwa ubwenegihugu bwabo bakayoboka inzira z’ibiganiro n’imitwe y’ingabo bahanganye, bakareka gushyigikira imitwe y’iterabwoba nka FDLR , bagashyira imbere icyatuma amahoro agaruka mu gihugu cyabo aho guhora bibwira ko intambara ariyo izakemura ibyo bibazo.

Bakwiye kumenya ko guhora bashinja u Rwanda gusahura umutungo wa RDC ari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa.Umutungo kamere wabo bawugabije Sosiyete mpuzamahanga zinyuranye zawutanzeho ingwate mu banki ndetse ahatarangwa, imitwe yitwaje intwaro akaba ariyo ihagenzura.

Nibitabire ibikorwa by’amajyambere aho kwitwaza intambara ngo bigizeyo amatora ari nako bigwizaho imitungo banarushaho gukenesha inzirakarengane z’abaturage babo.

Senateri Mupenzi George

Mu myaka isaga ijana ishize, abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bagiye bibasirwa cyane, abenshi bafata iy'ubuhungiro