Ingingo ya 101 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, yavugaga ko Perezida wa Repubulika atorerwa manda y’imyaka irindwi, ashobora kongera gutorerwa indi manda imwe.

Byari bivuze ko nta na rimwe umuntu yemererwa gutorerwa manda zirenze ebyiri ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika.

Abanyarwanda n’abakurikiranira hafi ubuzima bwa politiki y’u Rwanda barabyibuka neza ko mbere y’uko iyi ngingo ihindurwa, habanje kuba impaka nyinshi, abantu bibaza niba bikenewe cyangwa bidakenewe.

Byose byatangiye ku wa 8 Gashyantare 2013 ubwo Perezida Kagame akaba na Chairman w’umuryango RPF Inkotanyi yayoboraga inama yaguye y’uyu muryango yateraniye i Remera kuri Petit Stade.

Icyo gihe Perezida Paul Kagame yahaye umukoro abanyamuryango ba RPF wo kujya gutekereza ku bisubizo by’ibibazo biri mu gihe kiri imbere, by’umwihariko mu mwaka wa 2017 ubwo manda ye ya kabiri yari kuba irangiye.

Muri iyo nama, hatanzwe ibitekerezo binyuranye gusa ibyinshi byahurizaga ku kuba hakorwa ibishoboka Perezida Kagame akaba yakomeza kuyobora u Rwanda, nubwo Itegeko Nshinga icyo gihe ritabyemeraga. Bivuze ko byanze bikunze byasabaga ko ingingo imuzitira yagomba kubanza guhinduka.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2014 hatangiye kugaragara amatsinda y’abaturage, abacuruzi, amakoperative anyuranye abantu ku giti cyabo bohereza ibiseke ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, bikubiyemo ubutumwa busaba inteko gukora ibishoboka igatangiza umushinga wo guhindura Itegeko Nshinga cyane cyane ingingo ya 101 .

Ibyo rero niko byaje kugenda, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yemeza ishingiro ry’umushinga wo guhindura Itegeko Nshinga, hategurwa Kamarampaka, Ingingo yazitiraga Perezida Kagame iravugururwa, hongerwamo ingingo ya 172 itanga ubwisanzure kuri Perezida Kagame bwo kwiyamamaza mu zindi manda ishatu; harimo imwe y’imyaka 7 biteganyijwe ko izasozwa umwaka utaha wa 2024 ndetse n’izindi ebyiri z’imyaka itanu, itanu.

Nagarutse kuri aya mateka ngirango nibutse ko hari Abanyarwanda bake bagaragaje ko batishimiye izo mpinduka zabaye; muri bo twavuga Dr. Frank Habineza, Umuyobozi w’ishyaka Democratic Green Party of Rwanda, wakoze ibishoboka ngo ya ngingo twavuze haruguru ntihinduke, akaza no kugeza ikirego mu rukiko rw’ikirenga ariko umwanzuro ukaza gusohoka utamuha amahirwe y’uko izo mpinduka zahagarara.

Si Habineza gusa utari ushyigikiye izi mpinduka, kuko nanjye wandika iyi nkuru ntabwo nigeze nyurwa no kumva ko Itegeko Nshinga rigiye guhinduka kubera umuntu runaka abaturage bifuza ko ari we ukomeza mu mwanya wo kuyobora igihugu.

Naribazaga nti "ese ubu koko RPF ibuze undi muntu yaha uyu mwanya ariko ntidusebe mu ruhando mpuzamahanga n’ukuntu twari tumaze kubaka icyizere gikomeye?" Ngira ngo abo tuziranye barabizi ko ibiganiro byanjye bitacaga iruhande kuri iyi ngingo.

Gusa ibi byose byaterwaga n’imyaka nari mfite ndetse n’amasomo twagiye twigishwa mu ishuri y’icyitwa demokarasi, aho twese twigishijwe ko demokarasi ishingiye ku kuba abantu batorwa barangiza manda zabo bakavaho hakajyaho abandi, utitaye ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose.

Muri iyi nkuru ngiye kubereka ukuntu buri gihugu kiba gifite inkingi zidahindagurika, akaba ari zo ibindi bikorwa byose bishingiraho mu kubaka umutekano, ubukungu n’iterambere rirambye.

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zifatwa nk’igihugu cyimakaza demokarasi n’ubwisanzure, yewe iki gihugu twese dufata nk’igihangange kuko gifite ingufu mu ngeri zinyuranye z’ubuzima, burya na cyo gifite aho kitapfa guhindura uko bibonetse kose. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Amerika ni rwo rwego rusa nk’aho ruyoboye izindi, ari na yo mpamvu usanga harimo abagize inteko bamazemo igihe kinini ku buryo utabitekereza.

Ibihugu byinshi by’i Burayi usanga byo byarahisemo kugumana ubwami bushingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga (Constitutional Monarchy), ariko nyine ubwami nibwo buyobozi bw’ikirenga bw’igihungu, kandi ubwami buracyahererekanywa mu muryango umwe nta matora abaye. Usanga habaho amatora ya ba Minisitiri w’Intebe gusa.

Muri ibyo bihugu twavuga Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza, u Buholandi, Norvège, Finlande na Suede.

Usibye u Bufaransa n’u Budage, ni hafi ya byose ushyizemo n’u Bubiligi bwakolonije u Rwanda bugasenya ubwami n’inzego zabwo zose, bwo bwarabusigaranye kuko bumaze imyaka hafi 200 kuko bwashinzwe 1831.

Tuvuye mu bihugu bya kure tukaza aha hafi mu baturanyi, Tanzania ni igihugu Abanyafurika benshi bafata nk’icyitegererezo muri byinshi, byagera kuri ya ngingo ya demokarasi bikaba agahebuzo kubera ko hamaze kubaho gusimburana ku butegetsi mu mahoro ku ba Perezida bagera kuri batanu.

Gusa naho hari inkingi zitajegajega, zitarahinduka, zituma ibyo tubona biri uko biri uyu munsi. Kuva 1964 Tanzania yabona ubwigenge, iyoborwa n’ishyaka rimwe ari ryo Chama cha mapinduzi (CCM). Ibi bisobanuye ko aba Perezida bose bamaze kuyobora iki gihugu bafite icyerekezo cy’ishyaka rimwe, kandi iryo shyaka rya CCM niryo rihorana intebe nyinshi mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko.

Ikindi ni uko mbere y’uko gusimburana, Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere yayoboye imyaka 23 ubariyemo n’igihe cy’inzibacyuho. Yagiye atorwa, agaruka inshuro enye (1965,1970,1975,1980), hanyuma aza kwanga gukomeza mu 1985 kandi na bwo abaturage bari bongeye kumugirira icyizere, aza gusimburwa na Ali Hasan Mwinyi.

Mu mashyaka yagiye agerageza gushaka intebe y’umukuru w’igihugu ntibiyahire twavuga nka Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA). Dukurikije uko Demokarasi isobanurwa ko igomba guha agaciro ibitekerezo bituruka impande zose, sinzi ko urebye ibibera muri Tanzania wabyita Demokarasi. Ariko kuko habayeho uko gusiburana kw’abaperezida, buri wese utazi ibihabera aziko ibintu ari uburyohe gusa gusa.

Siko bimeze kuko abatavuga rumwe na Leta iriho bagiye bafungwa kenshi, abandi barakomereswa bikomeye. Ibizwi cyane bya vuba aha ni inkubiri ya Tundu Lissu wari Visi Perezida wa CHADEMA akaza kwiyamamariza kuba Perezida wa Repubulika muri 2020 bikarangira bitamuhiriye, bikanamuviramo kuraswa amasasu menshi, akaba ubu yaramugaye.

Yaje guhungira mu Bubiligi, aza kugaruka muri uyu mwaka wa 2023 nyuma y’ibiganiro na Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan.

Nongeye kugaruka kuri demokarasi ya Amerika no gusimburana ku butegetsi kwabo, byari bisanzwe bikorwa mu mutuzo kugeza vuba aha mu 2021 ubwo Donald Trump atemeraga ibyavuye mu matora yari yahuriyemo na Joe Biden, bigatuma Inteko Ishinga Amategeko igabwaho ibitero n’abari bashyigikiye Trump.

Ibi byanyeretse ko gusimburana ku butegetsi atari byo bitanga icyizere ko ibintu byose bizagenda neza. Natangiye gusubiza ubwenge ku gihe maze kubona ko n’abarimu ba demokarasi barimo gutsindwa umusubizo.

Mvuye kuri Amerika tugafata urundi rugero rw’ibijya bibera mu gihugu kivandimwe cya Kenya, hahora amakimbirane ashingiye ku matora kandi agasiga inkomere n’icyoba kidashira muri rubanda, ukibaza icyo demokarasi ari cyo kikagushobera.

Ibi byose ndabigarukaho nshaka kwerekana ko impinduka abantu tuba twifuza siko zitanga umusaruro buri gihe ahanini zisiga ingaruka nyinshi cyane cyane iyo zifite aho zihuriye n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu.

Ukurikije ingero nagiye ntanga, ubona ko buri gihugu kigira umwihariko w’aho bagomba gusigasira hamwe n’aho bakora impinduka kandi ubuzima ntibuhungane. Ikiba gikenewe ni ukumenya guhitamo neza. Niba u Rwanda rwarahisemo ko Perezida Kagame yakomeza kuyobora mu gihe runaka, nta muntu bikwiye gutera impungenge kuko igikomeye ni akazi arimo gukorera Abanyarwanda kurusha igihe yamaraho.

Ibi nagiye kubyumva bingoye cyane ariko uko nagendaga amahanga menya ukuri kubera ahandi nkaza no kureba imyaka yegera itandatu Perezida Kagame amaze, yanyeretse ko impungenge zanjye nta shingiro zari zifite kuko habayemo ibintu byinshi, cyane ko atigeze agabanya imbaraga cyangwa ngo ahindure icyerekezo yari afite mbere ya 2017.

Kandi nk’uko nabisobanuye hejuru, byaje kugaragara ko demokarasi idasa mu bihugu byose habe na gato, ko yanditse mu bitabo ngo uyishyire muri buri gihugu uko. Ingero natanze zirabigaragaza.

Icyiza gihari ku Rwanda ni uko Perezida Kagame na we ashobora kuzakora nk’uko Mwalimu Nyerere yabigenje kuko yamaze kugaragaza ko hagomba kuboneka umusimbura kugira ngo u Rwanda rwubake ibirambye kurushaho.

Ibi yabitangaje mu ijambo ryo ku wa 3 Mata 2023 nyuma y’uko yari amaze kongera gutorerwa gukomeza kuba Chairman w’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi.

Icyo gihe yagize ati "Nk’umuyobozi wanyu mushyiramo icyo cyizere kingana gityo, mfite umwenda wo kuvuga ngo iyaba byihutaga, uko dukora, bigatuma haboneka undi wakora nk’ibyo muntorera gukora."

"Buri munsi uko dushaka Chaiman hakaza Kagame 99%, ntabwo ari ibyo kuba Chairman wa RPF gusa, ndanabyifuza ko byaba no ku buyobozi bw’igihugu. Mujye mumenya ngo iteka uko bigenda gutya, uko ngaruka mu nshingano mumpaye cyangwa mumfashamo cyangwa munshyigikiramo, uwo mwenda wo kugera kuri ibyo niko ugenda wiyongera."