Mu Rwanda, politiki y’itangazamakuru iheruka gushyirwaho ni iyo muri 2004. Imaze imyaka 10 kuko yemejwe muri Nzeli 2004. Nyuma y’aho amategeko agenga itangazamakuru avugururiwe n’andi agashyirwaho, iyi politiki byaba byiza ivuguruwe ikajyanishwa n’ibihe tugezemo, dore ko ubwo yashyirwagaho ikoranabuhanga ryari ritarasakara nk’uko bimeze ubu.

Iyo politiki igizwe n’ingingo zitandukanye nk’inshingano z’itangazamakuru, amateka y’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, uko itangazamakuru n’itumanaho byifashe muri icyo gihe (2004), politiki y’itangazamakuru ryiza igomba gukurikizwa, ingamba zafatwa kugira ngo itangazamakuru n’itumanaho bikore neza, n’uruhare rwa buri wese mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iyi politiki.

Uretse inshingano zisanzwe zo kumenyekanisha amakuru, guhugura no kuruhura cyangwa guteza imbere imyidagaduro; muri iyi politiki imaze imyaka icumi, hagaragaramo inshingano nshya; iya mbere ni ukugira uruhare mu kubaka u Rwanda rushya no kuruteza imbere. Iya kabiri ni ukugira uruhare mu kunga Abanyarwanda. Naho iya gatatu ni ukugira uruhare mu kwimakaza umuco wa demokarasi.

Nyuma y’ imyaka icumi, izi nshingano zigeze he zubahirizwa?

Ese haba harigeze nibura hakorwa inama ihuza abashinzwe n’abakora mu itangazamakuru mu kugaragaza aho iyi politiki igeze ishyirwa mu bikorwa?
Ko ubanza hari n’abatayizi?!

Mu myaka 10 Itegeko ry’itangazamakuru ryavuguruwe inshuro ebyiri

Ubwo iyi politiki yemezwaga, itegeko ry’itangazamakuru ryagenderwagaho ryari iryo muri 2002. Ni itegeko no 18/2002 ryo kuwa 11/05/2002 rigenga Itangazamakuru. Muri 2009, nyuma y’imyaka irindwi, iryo tegeko ryaravuguruwe. Ni itegeko no 22/2009 ryo kuwa 12/08/2009 rigenga itangazamakuru. Iri naryo ryavuguruwe hashize imyaka ine hajyaho Itegeko no 08/2013 ryo kuwa 08/02/2013. Mu mwaka ushize, 2013, ni nabwo hashyizweho itegeko ryo kubona amakuru.

Aya mategeko yose, ari ayavuguruwe, ari n’ayashyizweho mashya, yafashije itangazamakuru kujyana n’igihe no guteza imbere umwuga. Bikagira n’inyungu ku gihugu kuko amategeko yacyo adashaje.

Iyi politiki ikeneye kuvugururwa ngo ijyane n’igihe

Mu ngingo ya gatandatu y’iyi politiki y’itangazamakuru hagaragara uruhare rwa buri wese mu kuzamura itangazamakuru mu Rwanda. Inzego zivugwamo ni: abanyamakuru n’amashyirahamwe yabo, Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru, Imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, na Leta. Ni muri rusange, nta mazina ya buri rwego (uretse Inama Nkuru y’Itangazamakuru) nka minisiteri zizagira uruhare n’ubufatanye, amazina y’amashyirahamwe y’abanyamakuru, n’amazina y’imiryango itari iya Leta ikora mu bijyanye n’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, n’inshingano zirondoye kandi zihariye.

Iyi politiki ntigaragaza igihe ingamba zirimo zizaba zashyizwe mu bikorwa n’uburyo bizagenzurwa. Mu zindi politiki zigenderwaho mu bihugu bitandukanye, hari aho bagaragaza igihe politiki iyi n’iyi izamara (urugero: imyaka 10).

Ubwo iyi politiki yashyirwagaho, hari inzego zari zitarashyirwaho, ubu ziriho. Ingero: Urwego rw’abanyamakuru bigenzura (RMC, Rwanda Media Commission) ruriho. Itegeko ry’itangazamakuru rishya n’ iryo kugera ku makuru byagiyeho. Ivugurura ry’itangazamakuru rya Leta riha umwanya abaturage. Ibigo byigisha itangazamakuru byariyongereye. Iyi politiki ivuguruwe yakwerekana uko ibi byose bizakora n’imikoranire ya buri rwego mu kuzamura itangazamakuru.

Ikoranabuhanga ryariho muri 2004, ubu ryikubye inshuro nyinshi. Internet irarushaho gusakara igafasha kwihutisha amakuru. Abaturage basangira ibitekerezo mu makuru n’ibiganiro mu bitangazamakuru binyuranye bifashishije internet.

Ibitangazamakuru bisohoka mu macapiro, hirya no hino ku isi, biragenda bigabanuka biha intebe ibisomerwa kuri internet. Amaradiyo na televisiyo biragenda bijyana n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ibi byose bikwiye guhabwa umurongo muri politiki y’itangazamakuru.

Steven Mutangana