Ubyita Grigri, ubyita feye, imiti, inzaratsi, imitsindo, uruhereko, amarozi, uchawi, dawa cyangwa maji, n’izindi nyito zitandukanye zihora ziyongera mu Kinyarwanda, uko bukeye n’uko bwije; byose bigahuriza ku kintu kimwe cyangwa bibiri, ari byo Kwirinda guhemukirwa n’abanzi b’abagome, kwishakira igikundiro n’amahirwe mu bikorwa, ndetse abandi bakabikoresha bashaka kugirira nabi abo badakunze, ni ibikorwa bya benshi barimo n’abategetsi bakomeye b’Isi.
Bivugirwa mu matamatama, abandi bagatinya no kubivuga, ariko ikizwi kirazwi, abategetsi bacu cyangwa abayobozi bacu kuri iyi si utavanguye, benshi muri bo bakorana n’imbaraga zidasanzwe mu buryo butandukanye; aho bakoresha ibi byose, amarozi n’ubupfumu, bakabona imbaraga zibabashoboza kugera ku butegetsi, n’ababugezeho zikabafasha kubugumana igihe kinini cyangwa iteka nk’uko babyizera.
Impamvu ituma abantu bagana abapfumu
Imwe mu mpamvu zitera benshi kujya mu bikorwa by’ubupfumu ndetse no gushaka imbaraga zidasanzwe nk’uko byagiye bigaragazwa na bamwe mu bagiye bazigira bakanazikoresha, ni uko akenshi iyo hari umwanya runaka w’ubutegetsi, benshi batawumwifuriza bityo bakamurwanya bakoresheje imbaraga nyinshi mu bigaragara n’ibitaboneshwa amaso, na we agerageza gushaka uko yirengera, ashakisha uburinzi buhambaye mu buryo budasanzwe, byanaba ngombwa ibitambo bigatangwa.
Si bishya cyane, kuko kuva kera kose haba mu Rwanda ndetse no ku Isi hose, ababaga bafite ubutegetsi bageragezaga gushakisha imbaraga zidasanzwe, ndetse bamwe ntibatinye no kubwira abantu ko ubutegetsi bwabo babukomora ku Mana yo mu ijuru nyir’ubwite, abandi bagahamya ko bavukana imbuto.
Ibyo byatumaga amakimbirane y’ubutegetsi atabyara intambara z’inkota gusa, ahubwo akenshi bakanahanganisha imbaraga zitabonwa bifashishije amarozi n’ibitega, maze uwarushije undi kuraguza akamuganza.
Bamwe mu bategetsi n’imbaraga z’amarozi
Ingero ni nyinshi z’abategetsi bo muri Afurika no ku Isi yose bagiye bamenyekanaho kuba barakoresheje hakaba n’abagikoresha amarozi, maji, n’ubupfumu mu buryo butari bumwe. Benshi babikora rwihishwa abandi ntibabihishire na gato, babikora ngo barambane ubutegetsi, banatsinde ababarwanya.
Muammar Kaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Jacques Chirac, François Mitterrand n’abandi benshi bazwi ba vuba aha harimo na Juvenal Habyarimana wigeze kuyobora u Rwanda, abo bose bamenyekanyeho kuba bari bafite izindi mbaraga bizera ko zibakomereza ubutegetsi, ndetse n’ibihamya by’uko baraguzaga bakanagira ibibaha imbaraga n’igitinyiro bidasanzwe, byagiye biboneka.
Mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika ho ingero zagiye ziba nyinshi, ku buryo ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique Nomero 2686, cyo ku wa 1 kugeza ku wa 7 Nyakanga 2012, cyari cyanditse inyandiko ivuga ku marozi n’ubupfumu mu bategetsi, aho cyatanze ingero zitandukanye z’ibihugu na bamwe mu bayobozi bo muri ibyo bihugu uko bagiye bitwara ku bijyanye n’imyumvire n’imikorere y’ubupfumu.
Ibihugu byiganjemo imikorere yo kuraguza, guterekera no kuroga ku buryo butanahisha nk’uko iki kinyamakuru cyabyanditse, ni ibyo muri Afurika y’Uburengerazuba, aho umubyeyi adatinya no gutangaho uwo yibyariye igitambo. Umugabo akarya inyama z’umwishywa we ngo yabitegetswe n’abapfumu nk’umutsindo, n’ibindi byinshi biteye ubwoba; aho abantu bahora bashimutwa bakaburirwa irengero cyane cyane abana bato.
Afurika mu bupfumu n’imbaraga za Satani
Benin: Mathieu Kérékou yateje uburwayi Nicéphore Soglo
Muri iki gihugu, uburozi bwaho buzwi ku izina rya “Çakatu” cyangwa imitongero/imivumo. Bizwi neza ko buri gihe uko hagiye kuba amatora, biba ari intambara ikomeye y’abapfumu n’abarozi, buri ruhande rurwana ku muntu warwo. Ku buryo mu myaka ya 1990 ubwo Nicéphore Soglo yasimburaga Mathieu Kérékou ku butegetsi bw’icyo gihugu, yagize ikibazo cy’uburwayi bwo kumva aribwa n’inshinge zimujombagura umubiri wose. Yajyanwe mu Bufaransa ngo avurwe, agezeyo ntihagira ubuvuzi budasanzwe ahabwa, ahubwo biba ngombwa ko akora indahiro n’imyuka, abona gukira uburwayi bwaje gutangazwa ko yari yarozwe.
Cameroun: François Bingono Bingono, umwarimu muri Kaminuza, yiyemerera ko ari umupfumu
Aha ho birihariye, kuko usanga buri mwanya wose w’ubuyobozi bisaba kuba ufite imbaraga zihariye ukesha kuba uraguza kurusha abandi; byagera mu baminisitiri ho bikaba agatereranzamba nk’uko bivugwa n’umuhanga mu mibanire n’imibereho y’abantu, Francois Bingono Bingono, umwarimu muri Kaminuza, wiyemerera ko na we ari umupfumu. Ngo buri gihe cyose wahamagarirwa umwanya w’ubuyobozi ntiwishakire ubwirinzi, uwo mwanya ntiwawumaraho akanya kuko icyo bita “Evu” cyangwa ubupfumu bw’abandi utabikira.
Cote d’Ivoire: Inzaratsi za Alasane Ouattara zahiritse Laurent Gbagbo
Muri iki gihugu urugero rw’ukuntu abategetsi b’Abanyafurika babaho mu cyoba baterwa n’imyizerere, ndetse bakizera imbaraga batabona kurusha gukora ibifatika. Igihe habagaho imyivumbagatanyo, Alasane Ouattara agahirika Laurent Gbagbo ku butegetsi, abaturage bose bagize bati “inzaratsi za Ouattara zarushije iza Gbagbo imbaraga.”
Ibi kandi bigaragarira ukuntu abapfumu b’i Abidjan no mu tundi duce, bose bahamya ko bamwe mu bakiriya babo b’ibanze, haba harimo abajenerali bayobora igisirikari cy’igihugu, baba bashaka imiti izabaha gukomeza gutera imbere no kumara igihe bayobora, ariko bakanasaba ko bahabwa n’ibarinda amasasu.
Gusa aha ho rimwe na rimwe hazamo n’imyumvire wakwita ko iri hasi cyangwa ubujiji, kuko ntibimenyerewe ko ingabo zanga kurwana urugamba zitabuze ibikoresho, ngo ni uko zizi ko umwanzi zirwanya afite imiti ikomeye cyane ku buryo ataneshwa.
Urugero rwabayeho ni igihe mu 2004, ingabo zagombaga gutera mu majyaruguru y’icyo gihugu, zose zatinye kwitabira urugamba kubera gutinya bamwe mu bari bagize inyeshyamba, cyane cyane abahigi gakondo bo mu bwoko bwa Dozos, bavugwaho kuba bafite imbaraga zidasanzwe z’imyuka ku buryo amasasu atabageraho cyangwa se ngo agire icyo abatwara.
Gabon: Guy Nzouba Ndama, Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yashatse kwiba Roho y’umudepite wapfuye
Iki ni cyo gihugu kijya kivugwamo impfu z’abana, zifite aho zihuriye n’imihango yo kuraguza no guterekerera. Buri mwaka haba habarurwa abantu barenga 30, umubare munini ari abana bishwe kubera impamvu zo gutangwaho ibitambo n’ababarusha amaboko, baba bashaka ko ibyifuzo byabo byasubizwa.
Louis-Gaston Mayila, wigeze kuba Minisitiri w’intebe wungirije igihe kirekire ku butegetsi bwa Omar Bongo Ondimba, we ntiyigeze aterwa ipfunwe iryo ari ryo ryose ryo kugaragaza ibyo yizera, akanabikora. Yiyemereye ubwe ko araguza ndetse ari umugirwa ukomeye, akanifotoza yambaye imyambaro y’abapfumu, akemera ko iyo foto isohoka ku kinyamakuru gisohoka buri munsi i Libreville cyitwa “L’union”.
Muri Gabon birakomeye, kuko bemera ibijyanye n’imyuka ku buryo bivangira na politiki, nk’aho mu mwaka wa 2011, ubwo Pierre Mamboundou, umwe mu badepite akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya UPG, yitabaga Imana. Abo mu ishyaka rye banze ko umurambo we usezerwaho mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, bavuga ko Perezida w’iyo nteko Guy Nzouba Ndama yaba yarashakaga kwiba roho y’uwo nyakwigendera; bityo umuhango wo kumusezeraho wari wateguwe usubikwa utyo, ntiwanigera ubaho nk’uko amategeko abiteganya.
Mali: Daouda Yattara, Umupfumu w’akataraboneka wiyise Satani
Iki gihugu kigizwe ahanini n’abayoboke ba Islam, habarizwa Daouda Yattara, umupfumu w’akataraboneka w’imyaka 31 gusa wiyise Satani, ndetse anafata aho atuye akahita “Sitanèbougou” cyangwa Umujyi wa Satani.
Uyu azwiho kuba ari umukire cyane, utunze amamodoka n’amazu menshi kandi y’igiciro kinini, haba mu murwa mukuru Bamako, ndetse no mu yindi mijyi igize Mali. Ngo ntajya yishyuza abakiriya be amafaranga, keretse ituro bamugenera bitewe n’icyo bamusaba kubakorera.
Senegal: Imihango y’Ubupfumu ishingiye ku mibiri y’abantu bapfuye
Muri Senegal ho imihango y’ubupfumu ikorwa hifashishijwe bimwe mu bice by’imibiri y’abantu, cyane cyane iby’abana n’impinja. Iyo mihango iteye inkeke, ku buryo abanyamaboko barimo abakire n’abategetsi, usanga bishyura akayabo ngo babone uduce tuba twakebwe ku bana b’abahungu bisiramuza, ingobyi z’inda zavutse, imitwe y’impinja zavutse zipfuye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’ibitsina by’abapfuye nk’uko byatangarijwe Jeune Afrique n’umwe mu baforomokazi mu bitaro by’i Dakar. Yavuze ko basezeranywa amafaranga menshi cyane, kandi bakanayahabwa iyo babashije gutanga ibyo bice by’imibiri baba basabwe.
Gusa hano muri Senegal bo bemera ubupfumu no kuraguza umutwe mu cyo bita Marabout, aho bo babitandukanya no gusenga Satani no kumusaba, ari na byo bashyiraho ko bisaba ibitambo bigomba ikoreshwa ry’ibice by’imibiri y’abantu. Bo bavuga ko bakora ubupfumu n’uburaguzi bwa Marabout bushingiye kuri Quran, bityo bakumva ntacyo ubupfumu butwaye.
Uganda: Baracyatamba ibitambo bishingiye kuri gakondo
Muri iki gihugu ho bivugwa kenshi ndetse hakanabaho ubwo bamwe bafatirwa mu cyuho barimo gutamba abana baba bashimuswe. Ibyo byose kubera impamvu z’ibitambo bitambirwa Satani ngo abahe gukomera, abandi abahe kurushaho gukira, ababifatirwamo benshi baba ari abaherwe bo muri Kampala bazwiho imari itubutse.
Kuraguza no guterekera biri nu muco w’Abagande. Ibi bikaba bisanzwe mu muco w’abatuye agace Uganda ibarizwamo, kuko bivugwa ko hari n’abica abantu, nyuma bakazabataburura bakoreshe imiti, bakazakoreshwa mu mirimo y’ubuhinzi aho ababo badashobora kubabona.
Kenya: Batanga ibitambo ngo bagere ku bukire
Na yo ijya ivugwaho na bamwe kuba ifite abatangaho ibitambo abandi ngo babashe kugira ubukire cyangwa bagere ku butegetsi mu nzego zitandukanye. Hari ababigize umwuga ndetse usanga bazenguruka bimwe mu bihugu bituranye na Kenya bakora umwuga wo kuragura, bavuga ko batanga ubukire cyangwa se bagaruza ibyibwe.
Congo Brazzaville: Ntawe ugera ku butegetsi adafite izindi mbaraga
Abaturage b’iki gihugu babizwiho cyane ko ntawe upfa kubona umwanya mu butegetsi bw’igihugu adafite izindi mbaraga zibimushyigikiyemo, zirimo kuba yaba afite izimurinda imitongero y’abanzi be n’amarozi bakunze kwita “Mwanzas”. Aha byagaragaye cyane mu mwaka washize wa 2012, aho mu guhatanira imyanya mu nteko ishinga amategeko, ibitambo byinshi birimo no guhamba ikimasa kireba byatanzwe, bisabwe n’abapfumu babo. Nyamara bizwi neza ko gutunga inka muri iki gihugu bikora umugabo bigasiba undi.
Congo Kinshasa: Mobutu yakoresha amahembe
Muri iki gihugu biratangaje kuko ho ntibihishwa. Ubikora abikora yeruye nta kwita ku kuvuga ngo rubanda itabishima irabivugaho iki? Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, we ubwe nka Perezida wa Repubulika ya Zaïre y’icyo gihe, yari afite imiti n’amahembe akoresha, ku buryo we nta pfunwe yagiraga kuko yabashaga no gutinyuka agakoranya, akanacumbikira abapfumu n’abarozi baturutse impande zose za Afurika, bakarara muri hoteli y’inyenyeri eshanu i Kinshasa baje kumuragurira. Bamwe banongeraho ko mu gikombe cy’Isi cyabaye mu 1980, yaba yarabategeye indege ngo bajye kuragurira ikipe y’igihugu itsinde.
Igihe Gen James Kabarebe yari yo arwanira umutwe wa AFDL wa Kabila bakaza no gufata Kinshasa, yamaze igihe gito ayoboye ingabo za Congo nk’umugaba mukuru w’ingabo, maze asimbujwe kuri uwo mwanya nk’uko abyivugira, uwaje kuwumusimburaho Gen Kifua w’umunyekongo, yazanye ihene yabaze agenda anyanyagiza amaraso yayo mu biro bye, ngo arirukana imizimu y’Abanyarwanda mu biro yari agiye gusimburamo Kabarebe, akihibereye.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu muri za 90, umwe mu baminisitiri be yigeze kwiyemerera mu ruhame ko yararanye n’abapfu, kugira ngo abashe kugumana umwanya yari afite.
Rwanda: Habyarimana Juvenal yari afite icyumba mu nzu ye abapfumu bamusangagamo, akanaterekereramo
Mu Rwanda uretse kuba harabashije kumenyekana ko mu ngoro ya Juvenal Habyarimana wari Perezida w’u Rwanda, yubatswe mu 1976 ikuzura mu 1980, harimo icyumba cyo hejuru cyane ngo yabonaniragamo n’umupfumu wamuraguriraga. Ubundi nta yindi gihamya yabyemeza. Gusa bivugwa na benshi ndetse bamwe mu babashaga kugera muri iyo ngoro yahinduwe inzu ndangamurage, aho bakubwira ko uyu mutegetsi yari atangaje, kuko ubundi yari umwizera w’umugatolika, ariko ibyo ntibimubuze ko asomerwa misa mu cyumba kimwe cyabugenewe, na cyo kiri hejuru mu nyubakwa ye. Ubundi hino yacyo gato, ahegeranye n’aho yakoreraga imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa siporo, hakaba akandi kumba gato yaragurizagamo.
Si icyo gusa avugwaho, kuko ngo yari yoroye ikiyoka cya kinini cyane, bivugwa ko cyarimo imitsindo ye. Ndetse ngo cyari gifite icyuzi cyihariye cyogeragamo akaba ari na ho gishokera.
Abandi bategetsi b’u Rwanda haba mu gihe cye ndetse n’uyu munsi ntibyakunze kuvugwa cyane ngo hamenyekane imbaraga biringira, n’uko bazihamagara cyangwa uburyo baziyambazamo. Ariko na none ibivugwa ni uko nta gihe hatabayeho abiyambaza izi mbaraga z’abapfumu, n’ubwo inaha iwacu hataravugwa ibikomeye bizamo no gutangaho abantu ibitambo.
Umuco wo kuraguza no guterekera mu Rwanda, wabayeho kuva kera cyane ku ngoma z’abami, kuko n’igihe cyo kwima ingoma, kugaba ibitero, gushaka umugeni, kugira indi mihango ikomeye byose byabanzaga kuragurizwa, hashakishwa intsinzi. Ibyo kandi ntibyacitse kuko magingo aya hari ibiti by’ibigabiro badashobora gutemaho ishami kuko ngo ari umuziro, ubitinyutse biba umuvumo kuri we.
Uburyo abaraguza n’abaroga bakoresha
Abaroga iyo ari abashaka kugirira nabi umuntu ntibibagora cyane, n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe bitaborohera. Bivugwa ko niba hari ushaka kugira icyo agukorera kijyanye no kukurogesha, icyo bimusaba gusa ari ukuba afite ibihembo cyangwa ituro ry’umurozi. [Ibintu bidahendukira benshi] Ugiye kubimukorera, ubundi akaba anafite nibura kimwe mu bintu bikwerekeyeho, nko kuba yaba afite nk’ifoto yawe, atayigira akagira umwambaro wawe ukunda kwambara cyane cyane uw’imbere, uduce tw’inzara zawe, umusatsi wawe, n’utundi tuntu utakeka, utanabungabunga kuko uba wumva ntacyo wikoma ngo ugire impungenge.
Uku ni na ko bigendekera abajya kuraguza biringiye imbaraga zindi zisubiza, hakurikijwe ibihango bagiranye n’abapfumu cyangwa Satani nyir’izina, aho bagira icyo basabwa gutanga ubundi na bo bakazabona ibyo bifuza, birimo icyubahiro n’ubutegetsi ku banyepolitiki, amafaranga no kurindirwa imitungo ku bacuruzi, ndetse hakaba n’abajya kuraguriza kubona abakunzi bashaka.
Gusa hamwe n’amadini ya gikirisitu yakwirakwije ivanjiri mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu, hakaba kandi n’abasilamu na bo batemera ubupfumu bwa gakondo, usanga bose banenga cyane bene ibi bikorwa byo kurogesha no kuraguza, n’ubwo kenshi na kenshi usanga ababiganamo, ari na bo babandi bajya mu ngoro zo gusengeramo Imana yo mu ijuru, ku minsi yagenwe.
TANGA IGITEKEREZO