Muri iki gihe benshi mu banyarwanda bari kwibaza icyazakorwa mu mwaka wa 2017 ubwo manda ya kabiri ya Perezida Paul Kagame izaba irangiye, buri wese yibaza uko bizagenda kugirango iterambere, umutekano n’ituze u Rwanda rwagezeho bidahungabana.

Kugeza ubu abantu babibona kwinshi ugendeye ku nyandiko zigenda zisohoka hirya no hino mu itangazamakuru, ndetse n’ibitekerezo bitangirwa ahahuriwe n’abarenze umwe iyo bageze aho bagakomozaho kuri iyi ngingo.

Gusa hari ikintu cy’ingenzi gikwiye kuzirikanwa na buri wese; u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda dufite amateka n’imiterere byihariye ku buryo utabona ishyanga risa n’u Rwanda. Tugira itandukaniro n’amateka adushyiramo ibice bitatu bikomeye: Igice cya mbere ni Abanyarwanda bababajwe n’imiyoborere mibi yari iganje muri iki gihugu mbere y’umwaka w’1994, imiyoborere yaheje benshi mu banyarwanda ku bwiza bw’igihugu cyabo bafata intwaro bararurwanirira bararubohora, hari n’abashyigikiye icyo gice mu buryo bwinshi bunyuranye.

Igice cya kabiri ni igice cy’Abanyarwanda bakekaga ko ibyiza by’igihugu ari umwihariko wabo, abo nabo bababajwe n’imiyoborere myiza iri mu gihugu uyu munsi. Igice cya gatatu ni Abanyarwanda bayoborwa n’amarangamutima n’inyungu bwite batitayeho iterambere ry’igihugu n’inyungu rusange, abo bakaba bashobora kuboneka muri biriya bice byombi twabanje kwerekana haruguru.

Gutegereza ko abo bantu babona ibintu kimwe byo ntabwo bishoboka, ikiriho ni ukureba inyungu z’igihugu kandi zirambye.

Ngarutse ku basanga hakwiye kuba guhindura itegeko nshinga, ari nabo ndi bwibandeho, ndagira ngo mbanze nibutse abanyarwanda ko itegeko iryo ari ryose ureke n’amategeko ashyirwaho n’abantu n’ayashyizweho n’Imana aberaho inyungu z’abantu, iyo inyungu z’abantu zibangamiwe n’ayo mategeko; ahita atakaza agaciro.

Ibyo rero bituma twibaza niba tureba itegeko nshinga cyangwa tureba akamaro rifitiye Abanyarwanda, muri iyi nyandiko nkaba ngamije kwerekana ko buri munyarwanda ukunda u Rwanda tutitaye kuri ririya gabanya duterwa n’amateka na kamere ya kimuntu, yashyigikira ko duhindura itegeko nshinga, mu gihe manda y’Umukuru w’Igihugu yaba irangiye isura y’u Rwanda imeze uko tuyibona uyu munsi.

Abenshi mu batemera ihindurwa ry’Itegeko nshinga, usanga bitwaza ibyo bita amahame ya demokarasi bagashingira ku bihugu byinshi ahanini by’i Buraya na Amerika ngo bifite manda ebyiri ntarengwa, bakumva n’u Rwanda byagenda uko; birengagije itandukaniro ry’ibyo bihugu n’u Rwanda haba mu miterere, imyumvire, amateka, ubukungu n’ibindi byose bigira ingaruka ku miyoborere.

Turebye ibihugu by’i Buraya na Amerika tugatanga urugero nko ku gihugu cya USA gifite itegeko nshinga rimaze imyaka irenga 226, igihugu cyabo kikaba kimaze imyaka 237 cyigenga; icyo ni igihe gihagije kuri buri gihugu kuba kimaze kwiyubaka no kubaka gahunda ngenderwaho (system) yubashywe na buri muturage w’igihugu kuko atazi ikindi kitari iyo gahunda.

Amatora yo muri USA, ashingira ahanini ku bitekerezo bibiri bya Republicans na Democrats, ibyo bitekerezo bikaba biba byerekana icyo bizakorera abaturage binyuze muri ya gahunda ngenderwaho imaze imyaka myinshi, akaba ari nayo mpamvu tubona politiki zabo zidahungabanywa cyane n’ihinduka ry’Abaperezida babo kandi ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko (exécutive) bwabo bushingiye kuri Perezida wa Repubulika.

Ibyo rero ushatse kubigereranya n’ibikwiye u Rwanda rumaze imyaka 52 gusa ruvuye ku miyoborere ya cyami rugiye ku miyoborere ya Repubulika, rukaba rumaze gusa imyaka ijya kuba 51 rwigenga, itegeko nshinga rimaze imyaka 10 gusa, rugifite abaturage bacyumva ko bakwiye kuyoborwa n’umwami kuko babona uwahoze ari umwami hariya hirya muri USA, abandi bacyumva ko bakwiye kugarurwa ku buyobozi bw’igihugu gusa kubera ko bari mu bwoko runaka mu kuri haba harimo kwirengagiza ukuri (réalités) kugaragara.

U Rwanda ruracyakeneye kwiyubaka :

U Rwanda rugiye kumara imyaka 19 rwigobotoye imiyoborere mibi, muri iyo myaka hamaze guhinduka byinshi mu buzima bw’abanyarwanda bigana aheza.

Ibyiza byose tumaze kugeraho tubikesha uruhererekane rw’ibintu byinshi bishingiye kuri gahunda ngenderwaho (Système) ifite icyerekezo n’uburyo bwo kukigeraho (roadmap).

Abakunda n’abanga u Rwanda baba Abanyarwanda cyangwa Abanyamahanga bose icyo babona kimwe ni uko u Rwanda rukomeje uko rurimo kugenda uku, mu gihe gito kiri imbere ruzaba ruhinduye isura ku buryo bwuzuye kandi rubaye igihugu gikomeye mu ngeri nyinshi zinyuranye.

Umwihariko w’abakunda u Rwanda ni uko babona neza ko ibigerwaho atari ibimanuka, bidafite inkoni y’ubufindo (baguette magique) biturukamo, ahubwo bituruka ku miyoborere myiza, ishingiye ku rukundo rw’igihugu, ubwitange n’ubushishozi.

Nyamara nk’uko twabivuze haruguru turacyafite Abanyarwanda babona ibintu mu buryo bunyuranye, turacyafite abayobozi batakaza imyanya y’ubuyobozi bagatangira gusakuza ku maradiyo mpuzamahanga basebya u Rwanda, turacyafite abayobozi batari bacye batizera igihugu cyabo bakimurira abana n’abagore (cyangwa abagabo) babo mu mahanga nta kindi bakurikiyeyo (kiruta icyo bafite) uretse gutegura ubwugamo bw’abagabo cyangwa abagore babo bari mu buyobozi bw’igihugu.

Ibyo niba hari icyo bigaragaza, byerekana ko iterambere ryacu rigishingiye ku bantu bamwe kandi bacye, ntabwo ryari ryashingira kuri gahunda ngenderwaho « système » ihamye kandi ikomeye buri munyarwanda yibonamo kandi ashima ko imuteza imbere. Ibyo ntibivuga ko ntakirakorwa muri urwo rwego; hari Abanyarwanda benshi bamaze guhinduka nyuma yo kubona ko ibyo u Rwanda rugeraho ari byiza kandi bikwiye, ariko inzira iracyari ndende ngo nibura Abanyarwanda bakunda u Rwanda biyumve muri iyo gahunda kandi bayirutishe inyungu bwite n’amarangamutima yabo.

Amateka y’abantu kuva yatangira yagiye agaragaza ko (Société) ikeneye guhinduka iva ahabi ijya aheza igira abantu runaka bafatwa nk’umutima wayo, baharanira iryo hinduka uruhare rwabo rukaba nk’uruhare rw’umutima mu mubiri aho ukora akazi gakomeye ko kuyobora amaraso meza mu mubiri ukanohereza amabi mu bihaha kujya kwoga no gutungana, akagaruka nayo afite akamaro, wa mutima wahagarara umuntu agapfa.

Abo bantu baza gusimburwa ni uko imyimvure y’impinduramatwara yakwiye muri bose hanyuma muri (société) uretse abafite uburwayi bubabuza kwemera ibikwiye cwangwa bayobewe gutandukanya akamaro k’inyungu rusange n’inyungu bwite cwangwa ibitekerezo byubaka n’amarangamutima, abantu bose bakaba umutima n’ingabo zirengera impinduramatwara icyo gihe nibwo uvuga ngo gahunda ngenderwaho (Système) irubatse kandi irashikamye.

Igipimo cyo kubaka «System» ntabwo kigererwa mu myaka cyangwa ku gihe runaka ahubwo kigererwa ku musaruro «résultat», dutanze ingero wasanga nka Fidel Castro yarubatse iyo « système » mu myaka itanu n’amezi atanu, Mouamar Kaddafi « ayubaka mu myaka 3», John Garang yamaze ubuzima bwe ataragera ku ntego yo kubohoza amajyepfo ya Sudan yari amaze imyaka isaga makumyabiri ari ku rugamba, igihe kigenwa n’ibintu byinshi byuzuzanya, muri byo harimo imiterere y’abahindurwa, imyumvire yabo n’icyerekezo baganishwamo nyir’izina, utirengagije n’imiterere nyir’izina y’ihinduramatwara ubwayo.

Gahunda ngenderwaho mu Rwanda iracyakeneye uwayihaye icyerekezo:

Intambara yo kubohoza igihugu igitangira muw’1990, abayirwanaga bahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye mu mizo yayo, ahanini ugiye gusesengura ibyo bibazo wasanga byaraturutse kuri (organization) itari inoze, benshi mu banyarwanda bari bayitezeho amakiriro babaye nk’abiheba babonako bibarangiriyeho, kandi mu kuri yari intambara irangiza byose, yagombaga kugera ku ntego zayo cyangwa izo ntego ntizazagerweho burundu.

Abatari bazi Paul Kagame, ubwo nibwo twatangiye kumumenya kuko yakuye Abanyarwanda muri uko kwiheba, araza ashyira ingabo ku murongo, afatanya n’abandi bagena umurongo w’urugamba, ruhuriza hamwe intambara y’amasasu n’iya politiki mu myaka ine gusa, bari babohoye igihugu cyarikiboshywe n’imbaraga nyinshi zinyuranye kubera inyungu zinyuranye za benshi na byinshi mu bihugu.

Muri iyo ntambara yo kubohora igihugu, u Rwanda rwahuriyemo n’akandi kaga ka jenoside yibasiriye Abatutsi, hicwa abantu barenga miliyoni bishwe n’abageze kuri miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (ushingiye ku mibare ya Gacaca), ari miliyoni yishwe ari miliyoni irenga yishe yari ifiteimiryango iyishamikiyeho, ufatiye ku kigereranyo rusange aho umuryango nyarwanda ubarirwa abantubatandatu, urasanga abaturage b’u Rwanda bose barakozweho n’iyo genocide, kandi ari impande ebyiri urwahemutse n’urwahemukiwe.

Paul Kagame mu bushishozi bwe yashoboye kuyobora igihugu muri ayo makimbirane mu myaka micye cyane ashobora kubanisha Abanyarwanda ntawuhohotera undi ashingiye ku kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa buri wese hatitawe ku gukundana no kwangana.

Nyamara muri ibyo byose, bamwe mu banyarwanda bashyigikiwe n’amahanga ntibari bashimishijwe n’imiyoborere y’igihugu n’isura byatangaga, ibyo nibyo byateje intambara z’abacengezi, intambara za diplomatie, intambara z’ubukungu ndetse n’intambara z’imibanire ibyo byose birwanya leta yatangiriye ku busa kuko yasanze igihugu cyarasenywe na jenoside ndetse cyarasahuwe ubutunzi bwacyo bwose harimo n’umubare munini cyane w’abaturage. Nyamara izo ntambara zose dushobora kuzivamo amahoro igihugu kirakomeza kirakataza mu iterambere, nubwo hatabura ibindi biba byenyegezwa hirya no hino uko ibihe bisimburana.

U Rwanda ni igihugu gikura mu bukungu ku buryo buhebuje, kikaba ari intangarugero mugucunga neza inkunga gihabwa, Ubuyobozi bwiza dufite uyu munsi bwasanze umunyarwanda ari ku gipimo cyo kwinjiza amafaranga ari munsi y’amadolari magana abiri mu mwaka, gishyiraho intumbero yo kumuzamura kugeza ku madolari magana cyenda mu mwaka mu gihe cy’imyaka makumyabiri, ubu umunyarwanda akaba ageze ku gipimo nibura cy’amadolari magana atandatu. Birahagije kubona ko mu myaka 19 u Rwanda rwavuye ku ngengo y’imari isaga gato amadorali y’Amerika miliyoni 300, iterwa inkunga ya 85 %, rukaba rugeze ku ngengo y’imari ijya kugera ku madolari miliyari 2, iterwa inkunga ya 48%, ubishyize mu nganyagaciro wasanga u Rwanda rwa nyuma ya 94 ruzamutse mu bukungu inshuro zirenga 12 mu myaka iri munsi ya 19 n’ibihugu twemera cyane byabaye intangarugero mu kuzamuka mu bukungu ntabwo byageze kuri iyo ntambwe twirengagije ubushobozi bwabyo bwite.

Mu mibereho myiza y’Abaturage Ubuyobozi bwiza bwatumye abana bose bagejeje igihe cyokwiga bajya mu ishuri uretse nka 3% bafite impamvu zihariye kandi nazo zitarebererwa gusa, u Rwandarwarenze iyo ntambwe rushyiraho gahunda y’uburezi kuri bose n’abacikanywe ubu bakaba bajya kwigabatitayeho inzego n‘imyaka y’amavuko.Uburezi bw’ibanze bwavuye kumyaka itandatu ibanza ubu igeze ku myaka 12, bivuga amashuri abanza y’imyaka itandatu, icyiciro rusange cy’imyaka 3 n’amashuri yisumbuye y’imyaka itatu. Ubu nibura abaturage 95% bashobora kwivuza iyo barwaye, ikigero cy’abana bapfa batagejeje ku myaka 5 n’ababyeyi bapfa babyara cyagabanyutseho ikigereranyo kijya kugera kuri 50 %, byatumye igihugu cyacu kiba umwarimu w’ibindimu gushyiramu bikorwa intego z’ikinyagihumbi.

Nta mwanya nta n’amagambo wabona usobanuramo ibyo igihugu cyacu kimaze kugeraho kubera ubuyobozi bwiza. Ibyo byose byagezweho Umuyobozi nka Kagame yabigizemo uruhare rutaziguye (directly), yibutsa Abayobozi b’Uturere inshingano zabo no kurengera abaturage, akibutsa ba Ministiri kwitaho ibyo bashinzwe, akaza mu muhanda gutanga urugero rwo gukora isuku no kurengera ibidukikije, kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hari abayobozi mu nzego zose buzuza inshingano zabo atari ukubera ko bagomba kuzuzuza ahubwo kubera ko batinya igitsure cya Kagame, bakirinda rwose ko yababaza aho bari bari inshingano zabo zihungabana. Uwo mugabo rero ni impano Abanyarwanda badakwiye kurebera muri manda cyangwa mu myaka runaka, ahubwo igipimo tumureberamo ni ukuzamuka kw’imyumvire y’Abanyarwanda, ni ugushikama kwa gahunda ngenderwaho igamije kubaka igihugu, naho amategeko, itegekonshinga byose bikajyana n’ibyo dukeneye.

Mu gihe dukeneye ko iriya mibare y’iterambere ikomeza kuzamuka, mu gihe dukeneye ko dukomeza kubaka gahunda ngenderwaho “System”, mu gihe dukeneye ko Abanyapolitiki bacubakomeza kubona urugero rwiza kuri Paul Kagame numva ari ngombwa ko duhindura itegeko nshinga,rikajyana n’ibyo dukeneye kurusha uko tujyana n’uko riteye.

Naho kuba bamwe mu Abanyarwanda barira ayo kwarika ngo kuko Perezida Kagame, yababwiye ko adashaka manda ya gatatu, nibahumure nta gihe na kimwe yakoze ibyo ashaka, iyo aza gukora ibyo ashaka hamwe n’uburere bumugaragaraho ntabwo yari gusiga ababyeyi be ari muto ngo ajye ku rugamba rwo kubohoza Uganda agamije kuzabohoza u Rwanda, ntiyari gusiga Umuryango we ari mu kigero cy’imyaka 30 n’imisago ngo aze ku rugamba aje kuyobora ingabo zataye morale na organization.

Mu gusoza ndabibutsa ko hasigaye imyaka ine ngo tugeremu gihe cy’amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, muri iyi myaka ine hashobora kugaragara ukundi kuri tutazi tutanabona ubu ngubu, akaba ariyo mpamvu natanga inama yo gukurikira inama nziza Perezida Kagame yaduhaye yo kwambuka ikiraro twakigezeho.

Mugire amahoro.

Rizinde M. Shaffiy , Umusomyi wa IGIHE.com /Nyarugenge, Kigali

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