Ayo ni amwe mu magambo ya Thomas Sankara wabaye Perezida wa Burkina Faso uretse ko atari wenyine wari ufite ibitekerezo byo guhuriza hamwe Afurika ahubwo na Kwame Nkrumah wabaye Perezida wa Ghana yavuze ko bidashoboka ko uyu mugabane wakwibohora byuzuye hatabayeho gukorera hamwe.

Kuri ubu ibihugu bya Afurika biteze amakiriro kuri gahunda yo gucuruzanya hagati yabyo binyuze mu Isoko Rusange rya Afurika (African Continental Free Trade Area: AFCFTA) iganisha ku kugira “Afurika ihuriweho, iteye imbere kandi ifite amahoro” nk’uko biri mu cyerekezo 2063.

AFCFTA ni ryo soko ryagutse ku isi rihuza ibihugu 54 byo mu Muryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe n’indi miryango y’ubukungu mu turere igera ku munani.

Inshingano nyamukuru za AFCFTA ni ugushyiraho isoko rihuriweho ku rwego rw’umugabane rifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyari 1,3 n’umusaruro mbumbe ukabakaba miliyari ibihumbi 3,4 z’amadolari ya Amerika.

Ni umwe mu mishinga minini y’icyerekezo 2063 watangijwe n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe mu ngamba zo guhindura umugabane kuba uwishoboye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga binyuze mu gukuraho imbogamizi zibangamiye ubucuruzi imbere muri Afurika.

By’umwihariko ikigamijwe ni uguteza imbere ubucuruzi habanje kongerera umusaruro agaciro mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu, ishoramari rigashinga imizi bikajyana no guhanga imirimo myinshi.

Muri Werurwe 2018, mu Nama ya 10 idasanzwe y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu na za guverinoma yabereye i Kigali mu Rwanda, ibihugu 44 kuri 45 bigize AU byashyize umukono ku masezerano ashyiraho Isoko Rusange rya Afurika. Kugeza muri Werurwe 2023, ibihugu 54 byari bimaze kuyashyiraho umukono.

Hagombaga gufungura ubucuruzi bw’ibintu, ubwa serivisi no gushyiraho ingamba zo gukemura amakimbirane mu bucuruzi.

Mu kindi cyiciro harimo ishoramari, kugena iby’uburenganzira ku mutungo mu by’ubwenge, politiki y’ihiganwa, ubucuruzi bukoresha ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere abagore n’urubyiruko.

Mu byamaze kugerwaho kugeza ubu harimo gushyiraho ubunyamabanga bwa AFCFTA bukorera i Accra muri Ghana no gutangiza igeregeza ry’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bitandatu n’u Rwanda rurimo.

U Rwanda ruriteguye?

Mu biganiro biherutse guhuza Urwego rw’Abikorera mu Rwanda (PSF) n’Umuryango uharanira ukwigira kwa Afurika (Panafrican Movement), ishami ry’u Rwanda, byagaragajwe ko Isoko Rusange rya Afurika ririmo amahirwe akomeye agomba kubyazwa umusaruro mu maguru mashya.

Muri aka karere, Kenya iri mu bihugu byiteguye neza kubyaza umusaruro iri soko dore ko n’ubusanzwe ubukungu bwayo n’ubucuruzi muri rusange buteye imbere.

Shyaka Michael Nyarwaya, Komiseri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga muri Panafrican Mouvement, yagize ati “Iri soko ni amahirwe akomeye twese nk’Abanyarwanda tugomba kungukiramo ariko amahirwe aza rimwe, tugomba kuyafatirana hakiri kare.”

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko yagaragaje ko hakiri imbogamizi kuko hari ibihugu bimwe bitaroroshya imitangire ya visa, ibikorwaremezo by’ubwikorezi nk’indege zidahagije n’ibindi.

Ati “Nubwo u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka dukwiye kuba dufite indege nyinshi n’ikirere kigafungurwa kugira ngo bibe byakorohereza abantu. Ibindi bihugu bigira gari ya moshi; ibyo bituma ubucuruzi bworoha. Turamutse tugize indege, visa ziramutse zorohejwe, ibyo bishobora gutuma ubucuruzi bworoha.”

Rwiyemezamirimo Havugimana Francine akaba na Komiseri muri Panafrican Mouvement, yavuze ko Isoko Rusange ryagiye gufungurwa ibindi bihugu byaramaze kwitegura ugereranyije n’uko u Rwanda ruhagaze.

Ati “Mu Rwanda ikibura ni uko abantu bahumuka, batinyuka, bakumva ko isoko ari iryabo kandi nidutinda ayo mahirwe azadupfira ubusa. Tugomba kwihutira kubishyira mu bikorwa kuko ni yo mahirwe dufite nk’Abanyafurika, nidutinda kwihuza no kubyumva kimwe abashaka kuyasenya barahari kubera ko bari kubura isoko.”

Yavuze ko ikiri gushyirwamo imbaraga ari ugufasha Abanyarwanda kumenya amakuru yerecyeye iryo soko mu buryo buboroheye, bwumvikana hamwe no kubahuza n’abo mu tundi turere.

Ati “Ariya makuru sinibaza ko Abanyarwanda bayazi kugira ngo bayabyaze umusaruro. Kimwe mu byo tuzihutira gukora, turifuza ko twagerageza no kubishyira mu rurimi bumva kuko Abanyarwanda bose si ko bumva indimi z’amahanga.”

Ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwakohereza ku isoko rusange rurabifite?

Havugimana yavuze ko u Rwanda rutarabasha kugira ibicuruzwa rwajyana ku Isoko Rusange rya Afurika ariko baramutse bishyize hamwe babasha kubibona.

“Uyu munsi Made in Rwanda iracyubakwa ariko ihuta cyane. Ntidukwiye gucika intege kuko twagize amahirwe leta ikadushyigikira ahubwo dukwiye kwibaza ngo turabibyaza umusaruro gute?”

Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abikorera mu Muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (East African Business Council: EABC), Dennis Karera, yavuze ko atari ngombwa ko u Rwanda rujyana gusa ibicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu ahubwo rushobora kuba ahakusanyirizwa ibivuye ahandi bikongererwa agaciro bikabona kujya kugurishwa.

Ibyo ngo bisaba kubanza kwiga isoko hakamenyekana ibyo abandi bakeneye n’icyo u Rwanda rushobora kubikoraho kandi bikarwungura.

Yatanze urugero ku kuba ibihugu nka Misiri na Maroc byarateye intambwe mu bijyanye no gukora imiti kandi ko mu byo bikenera mu gukora ibinini harimo ibikomoka ku myumbati, igihingwa gishobora kwera mu Rwanda no mu karere ruherereyemo.

Ati “Imyumbati hano irahera turamutse tudafite ihagije, twamuka Rusumo, Bukoba, Mwanza hose irahera. Jya Kabare na Mbarara muri Uganda cyangwa i Burundi. Icyo twakora ni ugushyiraho ububiko bw’imyumbati ku rwego rw’Akarere. Icyo bivuze ni uko bihita bihanga akazi. Kuvana imyumbati aho iri mu karere, abayitwara bazabyungukiramo.”

Kugeza ubu ibihugu bya Afurika bicuruzanya ku kigereranyo cya 16% mu gihe u Burayi bucuruzanya kuri 77%.

Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yita ku bukungu bwa Afurika (UNECA) yatangaje ko AFCFTA yatumye ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bwiyongeraho 20% mu 2022 mu gihe intego yari iy’uko bwakwiyongeraho 52%.

Mu gihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka wa 2022, ubucuruzi bw’u Rwanda bwari buhagaze ku gaciro ka miliyoni 2021,12 z’amadolari. Inyongera yari 35% ugereranyije n’uko bwari buhagaze mu gihe nk’icyo mu 2021.

Ibyo u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga byari bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 373,39 z’amadolari naho ak’ibyo rwatumije mu mahanga kari miliyoni 1493,34 by’amadolari.