Ni mu gitondo, ahagana saa Tatu, abafite ibiro by’ivunjisha [Forex Bureau], mu Mujyi wa Kigali ahazwi nko ku Iposita, barimo gusohora ibyapa bashyiraho ibiciro by’amafaranga ku baje kuvunjisha ndetse n’abaje gushaka amanyamahanga.

Ni amanyamahanga kuko wasanga utari uziko ’amafaranga’ [ni nk’uko wayita Amanyarwanda] ari ayo mu Rwanda gusa! Amadorali, Amashilingi, Amayero n’andi menshi burya ntabwo yitwa amafaranga, iryo ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu Rwanda.

Tugarutse ku nkuru yatuzinduye n’ibya wa mugabo wambwiye ko amadorali yabuze [...] nari ndimo kureba ku cyapa cyandikwaho ibiciro by’uko Amanyamahanga agura cyangwa agurishwa [ugereranyije n’Amanyarwanda, Frw].

Mu bigaragara, mu gitondo cyo ku wa 11 Ukuboza 2023, ushaka kugura Idorali rimwe [1$] yatangaga Amafaranga y’u Rwanda, 1282. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, ufite 1$ ashakamo amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yahabwa 1272 Frw.

Ku bijyanye n’Ama-Euro, ushaka kugura 1€, yishyura 1430 Frw mu gihe urifite ashaka kuvunjisha we ahabwa 1350 Frw .

Umwe mu bafite ‘Forex Bureau’ waganiriye na IGIHE yavuze ko muri iki gihe Amadorali adapfa kuboneka kandi n’iyo abonetse ibiciro bacururizaho biba bitandukanye n’ibyanditse ku byapa bishyirwaho ibiciro.

Ati “Idorali rimwe rigura 1905 Frw [harimo ikinyuranyo cya 635 ugereranyije n’ibyanditse ku cyapa] ubundi se urashaka Amadorali angahe? Niba ari make, ntabwo bishoboka kuko Amadorali yarabuze.”

Uko biri uyu we yari agerageje kugabanya igiciro bitandukanye na wa mugabo ukora akazi ko gushaka abakiliya [Commissionaire] wagize ati “Amadorali yarabuze wanjye! Keretse wenda niba uje kuvunjisha naho niba uje kuyagura arahenze, ni 2050 Frw.”

Abadepite baketse ko harimo ‘Mafia’

Iki kibazo Abadepite baherutse kukigeza kuri Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, John Rwangombwa, ubwo yabamurikiraga Raporo y’Ibikorwa by’iyi banki mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2022/23.

Depite Nizeyimana Pie, yavuze ko mu nzu z’ivunjisha hirya no hino muri Kigali hasigaye hagaragara ikibazo cy’ibura ry’Amadorali ndetse hashobora kuba harimo ‘Mafia’ kubera ko hari abantu bajya kuyashaka ntibayabahe.

Yagize ati "Iyo tugenda hirya no hino muri za Forex Bureau, kubona amadorali bisa n’ibikomeza kugorana cyane, arahenze cyane ariko ntanaboneka ndetse kuyahabwa muri za Forex zimwe na zimwe ubona wagira ngo harimo ’Mafia’."

"Kuko ushobora kwinjira muri Forex zimwe na zimwe ntibayaguhe, undi yakwinjira bakayamuha."

Depite Ntezimana Jean Claude we yavuze ko ibindi bihugu usanga byarashyizeho ingamba zirimo no kuba barekera aho gukoresha idorali.

Ati "Hari aho ahandi mu bindi bihugu numva bafite izindi ngamba, nagira ngo numve uburyo bishobora gukemuka kuko ikibazo kirahari kandi giteye inkeke. Birashoboka ko twareka ivunjisha tugakoresha ifaranga rumeze gute?"

Yakomeje agira ati "Nibajije niba hari uburyo burambye cyangwa ingamba zihari kuko akenshi usanga mu kuvunjisha bagendera ku idorali, mu bindi bihugu hariho abarimo kugenda barwanya uburyo bw’ikoreshwa ry’idorali kandi tukabona ko byaba imwe mu mpamvu zituma ifaranga ry’igihugu rihuzagurika cyangwa se wenda ritakara."

Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko ikibazo cy’Amadorali gihari kandi BNR imaze iminsi igikurikirana ngo irebe umuti urambye waboneka.

Ati “Nibyo koko ni ikibazo twe tumaze iminsi dukurikirana, hari ikibazo cy’uko kubera umuvuduko w’ubukungu wihuse cyane hakaba n’ikibazo cy’ibiribwa hano, umusaruro w’ibiribwa wagenze nabi hano hakabaho ibiribwa byiyongereye dutumiza mu mahanga byabaye byinshi kurusha uko byagendaga, ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga bikazamuka, amafaranga akenerwa mu gutumiza ibintu hanze yabaye menshi.”

“Ibyo bituma rero habaho kuriya kuzamuka kw’igiciro cy’Idorali ku isoko ariko bigatuma n’uwayabonaga ubu ngubu bitinda kuyabona. Ariko akenshi ni abashaka menshi, ubundi ushaka amafaranga makeya arahenda ariko ntabwo ayabura, ushaka amadovize make.”

Covid-19 ni yo nyirabayazana

Guverineri Rwangombwa avuga ko byagiye bigaragara ko hari bamwe mu bacuruzi bashatse kubyungukiramo, bagashyiraho ibiciro bihanitse kubera ko baba batazi ko abaturage babizi.

Ati “Ariko hari bamwe mu bacuruzi b’amadovize bashatse kungukira muri uko kugabanuka [...] nta n’ubwo nabyita kugabanuka ni uko ashakwa ariyo menshi kurusha aboneka kuko iyo urebye n’ibintu twohereza mu mahanga byarazamutse.”

“Wenda ikindi cyabayemo cyatumye habamo icyo gitutu ku isoko ry’ivunjisha, ba mukerarugendo, ni hamwe takuraga amadovize menshi, baza mu nama n’ibindi mu gihugu, ibintu dukenera hano mu gihugu byafungutse vuba kurusha uko ubukerarugendo bwafungutse.”

Mu bihe bya Covid-19, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byaragabanyutse ku buryo bugaragara ndetse na ba mukerarugendo basuraga u Rwanda barakumirwa. Byatumye habaho kugabanyuka gukabije kw’Amadovize igihugu cyinjizaga avuye mu bukerarugendo.

Imibare y’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB), yerekana ko umusaruro w’ubukerarugendo wiyongereyeho 25 ku ijana uva kuri miliyoni 131 z’amadolari mu 2020 ugera kuri miliyoni 164 z’amadolari mu 2021.

Iyi mibare yerekana neza uburyo Covid-19, yazonze ubukerarugendo kuko nko mu 2019, bwinjirije u Rwanda miliyoni zirenga 500$, ziramanuka zigera kuri miliyoni 131$ mu 2020.

Guverineri Rwangombwa ati “Mu 2021 niba mwibuka ubukungu bwari bwazamutse cyane, ariko ubukerarugendo batangiye kugenda bugaruka buhoro buhoro, uko Isi yagendaga ifungura byagiye bitangira kugaruka buhoro buhoro, amafaranga aturuka ku bukerarugendo, ubu uyu mwaka nibwo tugiye kugeza kuko twari tumeze mu 2019.”

“Ariko iyo dukenera gutumiza ibintu hanze kubera ko n’igiciro cyazamutse, amadovize yo hahise azamuka. Habayemo icyo kibazo cy’ibintu twohereza hanze ariko cyane cyane no kuba ubukerarugendo bwaratinze kongera kuzahuka, byatumye amadovize atinda kuboneka, igitutu kiba kinini ku isoko ry’ivunjisha.”

Forex zimwe zatangiye gufungwa

Mu Ukwakira 2023, BNR yafunze Forex Bureau esheshatu, ku mpamvu z’uko ba nyirazo bakoraga ibinyuranye n’amategeko n’amabwiriza bashyiriweho.

Uretse izo zafunzwe, hari izindi zirenga 10 zihanangirijwe ndetse BNR igaragaza ko ikomeje ubugenzuzi hirya no hino ku buryo uzafatwa akora ibinyuranyije n’amategeko azabihanirwa cyangwa agahagarikirwa uruhushya rwo gukora.

Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko mu igenzura bakoze basanze hari abafite ibiro by’ivunjisha baba bashaka kuba ba rusahurira mu nduru.

Ati “Haba rero abashatse kubyungukiramo, hari ubwo winjira bakakubwira ko ntayo bafite, undi yaza bakayamuha. Twakoze ubugenzuzi rero kuri iryo soko ry’ivunjisha twoherezayo abakozi bacu bagenda ari abaguzi.”

“Bagenda ari abagurisha amadovize, dukurikirana imikoranire yabo, nk’uko mwabyumvise twafunze ama Forex Bureau atandatu, abandi tubaca amade atandukanye kugira ngo dukumire iyo mikorere mibi ku isoko ry’ivunjisha.”

Guverineri Rwangombwa yavuze ko n’ubwo hari igitutu gituruka kuri abo bacuruzi b’amafaranga bagenda banga kuyatanga cyangwa bakayahenda ku mpamvu zabo, ariko bitavuze ko Amadovize yabuze.

Ati “Kuba hari igitutu kirahari ariko ntabwo amadovize yabuze burundu. Abatinda kuyabona ni ba bandi baba bashaka za miliyoni zingahe iyo agiye muri banki, nibo bashyiramo icyumweru kimwe bakayamuha bakererewe.”

“Turabikurikirana, uko agurishwa buri munsi, raporo tubona ari za Forex Bureau, ari amabanki, byose uko byakozwe umunsi ku munsi tuba dufite amakuru yabyo, ahabaye amakosa rero turabikurikirana tugafata ibyemezo bituma dusubizamo imikorere myiza.”

BNR igaragaza ko kugeza ubu Abanyarwanda cyangwa abandi baba bashaka Amadorali mu gihugu bakwiye kujya batanga amakuru y’ahari za Forex Bureau zikora nabi kugira ngo zikurikiranwe.

Kubona amadolari bisigaye bigoye muri Kigali