Mu gihe ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bukomeje gutera imbere no kwaguka, ikibazo cy’ubusugire bw’ifaranga kiragenda gifata umwanya ukomeye mu biganiro by’ubukungu. Mu bihe isi iri guhura n’izamuka ry’ibiciro, ihindagurika ry’amasoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ubukungu bw’isi, ubushobozi igihugu gifite bwo kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga ryacyo ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zishobora gutuma ubukungu bwacyo buramba kandi bukabasha guhangana n’ibibazo haba imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Icyemezo giherutse gufatwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) cyo kuzamura igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo kigaragaza umuhate w’inzego z’imari mu gukomeza kurinda ituze ry’ubukungu. Icyakora, nubwo politiki y’ifaranga ari ingenzi, yonyine ntishobora gukemura ibibazo byose by’ubukungu mu gihe kirekire. Kugira ngo u Rwanda rukomeze kurinda no gushimangira agaciro k’ifaranga ryarwo, ni ngombwa ko politiki y’ifaranga ijyana n’izindi ngamba z’ubukungu zirimo kongera agaciro ku byo igihugu cyohereza mu mahanga, kongera umutungo w’amadevize igihugu kibitse no gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga.

Politiki y’ifaranga mu guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro

Ku wa 19 Gashyantare 2026, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yazamuye igipimo cy’inyungu fatizo ku kigero cya 50, igera kuri 7,25%. Iki cyemezo cyafashwe hagamijwe kugabanya umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro, kuko mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2026 izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko ryari rigeze kuri 8,9%, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imibare ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda. Iyo igipimo cy’inyungu cyiyongereye, inguzanyo z’amafaranga zirahenda kurushaho, bigatuma ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga rigabanyuka bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko w’izamuka ry’ibiciro.

Iki cyemezo kandi gitanga ubutumwa bukomeye ku bashoramari, cyerekana ko u Rwanda rufite ubushake bwo gukomeza kurinda ituze ry’imari n’ubukungu.

Gusa hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bw’ibindi bihugu, bigaragara ko politiki y’ifaranga idashobora yonyine gukemura ibibazo by’ubukungu bishingiye ku miterere yabwo. Iyo igihugu gitumiza ibintu byinshi mu mahanga kurusha ibyo cyohereza, cyangwa se iyo agaciro k’ibicuruzwa cyohereza mu mahanga kongererwa ahandi, ifaranga ryacyo rishobora gukomeza guhura n’ibibazo by’ihindagurika ry’ubukungu mpuzamahanga. Ni yo mpamvu gukomeza gushimangira ubukungu bw’igihugu bisaba ingamba zifasha kongera umusaruro no kongera agaciro ku byo igihugu cyohereza mu mahanga.

Kongera agaciro k’ibyo u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga

Kimwe mu byafasha cyane gushimangira ubusugire bw’ifaranga ni ukongerera agaciro ibicuruzwa u Rwanda rwohereza mu mahanga. U Rwanda rumaze igihe rumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubuziranenge bw’ikawa n’icyayi byarwo. Mu mwaka wa 2025, u Rwanda rwohereje mu mahanga hafi toni 24.000 z’ikawa itaratunganywa neza, zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 148,6$.

Ariko nubwo ibyo ari byiza, igice kinini cy’agaciro k’iyo kawa kongererwa mu bindi bihugu binyuze mu kuyitunganya, kuyipfunyika no kuyimenyekanisha ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ibi bigaragaza ko hari amahirwe akomeye u Rwanda rufite yo kongera inyungu rukura ku musaruro w’ikawa yarwo.

Mu guteza imbere inganda zitunganya ikawa imbere mu gihugu, gushyiraho ibirango by’Abanyarwanda no gushora imari mu gutunganya no gupfunyika ibicuruzwa, igihugu gishobora kongera cyane amafaranga kibona kuri buri kilo cyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi byanafasha guhanga imirimo myinshi ku bafite ubumenyi mu nganda no mu bucuruzi, bikazamura inganda zo mu gihugu ndetse bikongera amadovize yinjira mu gihugu.

Umusaruro w’icyayi nawo ufite amahirwe akomeye

Ni nako bimeze ku cyayi cy’u Rwanda, gifite izina rikomeye ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Icyakora igice kinini cy’icyayi cy’u Rwanda gicururizwa muri cyamunara mpuzamahanga y’icyayi ibera i Mombasa muri Kenya, aho ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bigurishiriza umusaruro wabyo.

Nubwo iyi cyamunara ifasha kubona amasoko mpuzamahanga, hari amahirwe akomeye yo kongera agaciro k’icyayi gitunganyirijwe imbere mu gihugu. Guteza imbere inganda zitunganya icyayi ku buryo kijya ku masoko mpuzamahanga cyamaze gutunganywa neza nk’igicuruzwa cyuzuye byafasha kongera inyungu igihugu gikura muri uwo musaruro. Ibi byanafasha kongera amadovize yinjira mu gihugu, guteza imbere inganda z’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kongera agaciro k’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi mu kurinda ituze ry’ifaranga ni ingano y’amadevize igihugu kibitse. Aya madevize afasha igihugu kugura ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi mu mahanga, kurinda ifaranga ryacyo no guhangana n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Kugeza ubu, u Rwanda rufite amadovize ahagije yo gutumiza ibintu mu mahanga mu gihe kingana n’amezi 4.8. Uru ni urwego rwiza ku gihugu kiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Ariko mu gihe ubukungu bw’Isi bugenda buhindagurika cyane, kongera aya madevize byarushaho gutuma igihugu kigira umutekano w’ubukungu.

Ibihugu bimwe byashyizeho uburyo bwihariye bwo gucunga umutungo w’amadevize. Urugero ni Botswana yashyizeho Pula Fund, ikigega cy’igihugu gishora imari mu mahanga mu buryo burambye. Mu gihe kiri imbere, u Rwanda rushobora gutekereza ku gushyiraho uburyo nk’ubu bwafasha kurushaho gushimangira ituze ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Uruhare rw’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga

Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga na bo bafite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Amafaranga bohereza mu Rwanda yarenze miliyoni 517 z’Amadolari mu mwaka wa 2024, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’imibare ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda. Aya mafaranga ni imwe mu nkomoko zikomeye z’amadevize yinjira mu gihugu. Ariko hari amahirwe yo kuyakoresha neza kurushaho, binyuze mu kuyashora mu mishinga y’iterambere cyangwa mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bifite inyungu z’igihe kirekire.

Ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere byashoboye gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’abaturage babyo baba mu mahanga binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo bw’ishoramari bwihariye, nko gushyiraho impapuro mpeshamwenda zagenewe ababa mu mahanga. U Rwanda na rwo rushobora guteza imbere uburyo nk’ubu kugira ngo igice cy’ayo mafaranga gishorwe mu mishinga iteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Inzira igana ku bukungu burambye

Ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga ryacyo ntibushingira gusa ku byemezo bya banki nkuru. Bushingira ku ngamba zitandukanye zifasha igihugu kongera umusaruro, gukurura ishoramari riturutse imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo no kongera amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu.

Mu Rwanda, ibi bishobora kugerwaho binyuze muri politiki y’ifaranga icungwa neza, kongera agaciro ku byo twohereza mu mahanga, kongera umutungo w’amadevize igihugu gifite no gukoresha neza ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga.

Iyo izi ngamba zishyizwe hamwe, zishobora gufasha u Rwanda gukomeza gushimangira ubusugire bw’ifaranga ryarwo.

Icyemezo cya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda cyo kuzamura igipimo cy’inyungu muri Gashyantare 2026 kigaragaza ubushishozi mu guhangana n’izamuka ry’ibiciro. Ariko icy’ingenzi kurushaho ni ugukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubukungu zireba ejo hazaza zirimo kongera agaciro ku byo rwohereza mu mahanga, kongera umutungo w’amadevize no gukoresha neza imbaraga z’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga, u Rwanda rushobora kurushaho gushimangira ubusugire bw’ifaranga ryarwo.

Ibi bizafasha igihugu gukomeza kugira ubukungu buhamye kandi bushobora guhangana n’ibibazo by’ubukungu haba imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Aloys Manzi ni Perezida wa Manzi Finance Ltd n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Flexero Ltd ifite icyicaro i Londres mu Bwongereza. Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza mu micungire y’ubucuruzi yakuye muri Brighton Business School ndetse n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya Kaminuza yakuye muri Université de Reims. Afite kandi impamyabushobozi mu bijyanye n’ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence) yakuye muri MIT, ndetse yize amasomo yihariye mu ikoranabuhanga rya Blockchain na FinTech muri Kaminuza ya Oxford.

Aloys Manzi ni inzobere mu bukungu

Aloys Manzi mu kiganiro n'umunyamakuru wa IGIHE